scholarly journals About the need to introduce a presumption of consent for organs transplantation and other human anatomical materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 458-471
Author(s):  
Liliya Pороva ◽  
Svitlana Pороva ◽  
Hrуhorii Krainyk ◽  
Iryna Bandurka ◽  
Olena Fedosova
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Major Improvement ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

The purpose of the article is to discuss the need to introduce a presumption of consent for the transplantation of organs and other human anatomical materials in Ukraine. Therefore, the object of the study is the presumption of consent for organ transplantation. The authors of the article have used methods of deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparative, and legal methods. The need to make amendments to the legislation of Ukraine regarding the introduction of the presumption of consent for the transplantation of organs and other human anatomical materials from a person and the feasibility of the practical implementation of these changes, namely, mean a major improvement and elimination of problems in the field of transplantation. It is concluded that at present one of the main problems governing the matter is the absence of presumption of consent for transplantation in Ukrainian legislation and, at the same time, the lack of significant funding of the medical sector, together with the low awareness of the rights of actors involved in organ transplant processes.

scholarly journals Legal issues of death donorship in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Tetiana YAMNENKO ◽  
Anastasiia MELNYK
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Moment

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the topic of posthumous donation and to consider the legal models for the legal regulation of the removal of organs from deceased persons - the "presumption of consent" and the "presumption of disagreement" that have developed in the world community. Research methods: documentary analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, objective truth, cognitive-analytical, etc. Results: the practice of applying each of the legal models of organ transplantation from a deceased donor has been clarified. Discussion: current state of national legal regulation of organ transplantation from a deceased donor. The issue of transplantation has long required the development of a current legal framework in Ukraine that meets European standards, in particular. At the moment, the adoption of "On the Use of Transplantation of Anatomical Materials to Man" dated 17.05.2018 indicates the stabilization of state policy in this field, however, some aspects of the implementation of the law necessitate additional interpretation or adoption of normative legal acts. In Europe, the legal basis for the development of such a phenomenon as donation is much better developed than in our country, which is more positively reflected in the living and health standards of these countries. However, the organ transplant procedure in Ukraine is on the way to its widespread practical application. The following major problems of posthumous donation in Ukraine can be distinguished as: insufficiently clear legal definition of the conceptual categorical apparatus and the mechanism of applying the presumption of consent and disagreement; the absence, and therefore the need, of establishing a register of recipients; critical level of public funding for this field of medicine; insufficient coverage of the topic by the state and, as a consequence, the need for society in the field of organ donation. The above list of issues is not exhaustive and therefore requires a comprehensive legislative, scientific and medical approach.

STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR ACTIVATION MECHANISM

Economical ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2(21)) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Anzhela Bairak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Private Medicine ◽  
Care System

The article examines the problems of private medicine in the health care system of the country. The aim of the article is to determine the structural components of the mechanism of activation of the private medical sector as a reserve for the provision of quality and affordable medical services and a driver for the development of the medical industry. The descriptive-analytical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, statistical, analysis and scientific generalization were used in the paper. The study substantiates the strengthening of the role of the private medical sector in the health care management system. The key problems of the domestic private medical sector and the restraining factors of its development are identified. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a mechanism to promote the development of private medicine through a policy of active change in the health care system. The directions of activation of the private medical sector as a target reference point in the process of determining the structural elements of the organizational and economic mechanism are outlined. The structural detail of the mechanism of activation of the private medical sector for optimization of the health care system is offered. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the results of the research presented in the article are a practical basis for the development and improvement of mechanisms of public administration in the field of health care.

Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Clinical Updates, Challenges and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (28) ◽  
pp. 3497-3506
Author(s):  
Raymund R. Razonable
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Cytomegalovirus is the classic opportunistic infection after solid organ transplantation. This review will discuss updates and future directions in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of CMV infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Antiviral prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy are the mainstays of CMV prevention, but they should not be mutually exclusive and each strategy should be considered depending on a specific situation. The lack of a widely applicable viral load threshold for diagnosis and preemptive therapy is emphasized as a major factor that should pave the way for an individualized approach to prevention. Valganciclovir and intravenous ganciclovir remain as drugs of choice for CMV management, and strategies for managing drug-resistant CMV infection are enumerated. There is increasing use of CMV-specific cell-mediated immune assays to stratify the risk of CMV infection after solid organ transplantation, and their potential role in optimizing CMV prevention and treatment efforts is discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring the Epidemiology of Cancer after Solid Organ Transplantation (EpCOT): an observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e043731
Author(s):  
Adnan Sharif ◽  
Javeria Peracha ◽  
David Winter ◽  
Raoul Reulen ◽  
Mike Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

IntroductionSolid organ transplant patients are counselled regarding increased risk of cancer (principally due to their need for lifelong immunosuppression) and it ranks as one of their biggest self-reported worries. Post-transplantation cancer is common, associated with increased healthcare costs and emerging as a leading cause of post-transplant mortality. However, epidemiology of cancer post-transplantation remains poorly understood, with limitations including translating data from different countries and national data being siloed across different registries and/or data warehouses.Methods and analysisStudy methodology for Epidemiology of Cancer after Solid Organ Transplantation involves record linkage between the UK Transplant Registry (from NHS Blood and Transplant), Hospital Episode Statistics (for secondary care episodes from NHS Digital), National Cancer Registry (from cancer registration data hosted by Public Health England) and the National Death Registry (from NHS Digital). Deterministic record linkage will be conducted by NHS Digital, with a fully anonymised linked dataset available for analysis by the research team. The study cohort will consist of up to 85 410 solid organ transplant recipients,who underwent a solid organ transplant in England between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 2015, with up-to-date outcome data.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Confidentiality Advisory Group (reference: 16/CAG/0121), Research Ethics Committee (reference: 15/YH/0320) and Institutional Review Board (reference: RRK5471). The results of this study will be presented at national and international conferences, and manuscripts with results will be submitted for publication in high-impact peer-reviewed journals. The information produced will also be used to develop national evidence-based clinical guidelines to inform risk stratification to enable risk-based clinical follow-up.Trial registration numberNCT02991105.

scholarly journals Twitter as a Mental Health Support System for Students and Professionals in the Medical Field (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Liu ◽  
Benjamin KP Woo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Support System ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Social Media Site ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Online Conversation

UNSTRUCTURED Twitter is a rapidly growing social media site that has greatly integrated itself in the lives of students and professionals in the medical field. While Twitter has been found to be very helpful in facilitating education, there is also great potential for its usage as a social support system. Social support has become more essential as society grapples with declining mental health, particularly in the medical sector. From our previous paper, we saw how Twitter provides a promising tool to learn more about the online conversation about dementia, and in particular, the supportive network that can be created. Inspired by this, we decided to investigate the potential of utilizing Twitter as a support system for students and professionals in the medical field. In this paper, we explore the current state of mental health in the medical field and we suggest practical implementation methods of using Twitter.

scholarly journals Scientific review digitalization of corporate culture as a factor influencing ESG investment in the energy sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Sergei Zainullin ◽  
Olga Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Corporate Policies ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
Corporate Social Reporting ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Corporate Social

The popularity of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance)-investing is growing rapidly all over the world. More and more investors are moving from the traditional investment paradigm to investing based on the principles of environmental social corporate responsibility. One of the most affected by this trend is the energy industry. The report discusses the possibilities of applying methods of digitalization of corporate culture to increase the attractiveness of enterprises in the energy industry for ESG investment. The study is based on the use of such methods of scientific knowledge as dialectical, a combination of historical and logical unity, structural analysis, traditional methods of economic analysis and synthesis, a review of both scientific sources describing ESG investment and the practical implementation of ESG approaches in the practice of corporations is carried out. The results are based on an analysis of current corporate policies and the implementation of ethical policies in corporate social reporting. The article provides an overview of theoretical studies in relation to corporate non-financial reporting and the principles of responsible investment, provides statistical data on the attitude of investors towards ESG investment, analyzes the best practices of energy companies in digitalization, improving corporate culture to make them more attractive for ESG investment.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING OUTSOURCING: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS OF PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Koba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Reasonable Choice ◽  
Main Activity

The purpose of the article is to determine the theoretical and organizational principles of application of accounting outsourcing by business entities. Methodology. Methods of analysis and synthesis were used to determine the characteristics and features of the organization of accounting outsourcing. The generalization of the existing experience of application of accounting outsourcing is carried out by a monographic method. On the basis of economic analysis and comparison, trends in the development of accounting outsourcing are identified. Methodology. The development of outsourcing is explained by its ability to increase the competitiveness of products, to promote the introduction of the latest advances in scientific and technological progress, to optimize costs. The application of knowledge and experience of specialists specializing in solving certain issues allows to focus the resources of companies on the development of strengths and promising areas and not to spend extra effort and money on the development of new non-core activities. The generalization of statistics on the current state of outsourcing in Ukraine shows that its effective application is hampered by the lack of free financial resources to invest in new management technologies, lack of awareness of business entities about the experience of outsourcing and the market of outsourcing services, lack of legal mechanisms. Generalization of functionally-oriented, cooperative, managerial, instrumental, integrated, situational, complex approaches gives grounds for outsourcing to understand the management tool, which allows to concentrate the resources of the business entity on the main activity, provides profit growth and increase competitiveness through contractual transfer, non-core functions of specialists or companies that specialize in their implementation and perform more efficiently than the entity. Among the advantages of outsourcing there are reducing the cost of accounting, improving service quality, accountability, confidentiality, tax optimization, reducing the likelihood of fraud by employees, ensuring impartiality and objectivity of accounting, access to additional resources in the field of finance, accounting and tax calculations. However, outsourcing has certain disadvantages, namely the risk of information leakage, possible lack of efficiency, formal performance of duties, liquidation of the outsourcing company, loss of control over own resources and part of the case may be lost, additional time to agree on the terms of the contract. Minimize the disadvantages of outsourcing allows careful and reasonable choice of outsourcing company, which should take into account: data privacy guarantee, staff qualifications, cost of services, reputation, popularity, experience of the outsourcer in the market, flexibility in organizing services, application of the latest technical solutions, outsourcing it has standards of interaction and internal procedures.

Neurocognitive Effects of Solid Organ Transplantation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Zelikovsky ◽  
Debra S. Lefkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Neurocognitive Outcomes ◽  
Medical Advances

The first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed between identical twins in 1954. Since that time, major medical advances have been made to help improve survival rates for transplant recipients. In 2008, there were 1,964 solid organ transplants performed for children under age 18 (2007 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients [OPTN/SRTR] Annual Report 1997–2006). Currently, approximately 1,830 pediatric patients are awaiting some type of solid organ transplant (2007 OPTN/SRTR Annual Report 1997–2006). Organ transplantation in children is relatively recent compared to other treatments for children with chronic illnesses. The focus over the first few decades has been on medical advances and improving survival rates for transplant patients. In the recent years, increasing attention has been given to the developmental, neurocognitive, and psychosocial outcomes prior to transplant and in the short-term period post transplant. Most chronic illnesses and acute traumatic medical events have implications for neurocognitive outcomes. End-stage disease of the liver, kidney, heart, and lung are all believed to affect intellectual, academic, and neurocognitive functions. Gross neurodevelopmental deficits have become less common due to early medical intervention (e.g., improved nutrition, surgical intervention, reduced exposure to aluminum (Warady 2002). Organ transplantation is believed to ameliorate the deleterious long-term developmental and neurocognitive effects, but this topic has received little attention in the literature, and the available results with regard to intellectual, academic, and neurodevelopmental results have been mixed. In a combined sample of solid organ transplant patients, 40% had clinically significant cognitive delays (Brosig et al. 2006). Examining the impact of different underlying disease processes and transplantation of each solid organ separately is critical. Thus, we discuss the neurocognitive outcomes of each organ group separately in this chapter. Neurocognitive outcomes can be assessed in a variety of ways depending upon the age of the child. Among infants and toddlers, neurocognitive functioning is measured by an assessment of motor function, social and environmental interaction, and language development. Assessment of older children may involve the evaluation of intelligence, academic achievement, emotional and behavioral functioning, and adaptive skills.

scholarly journals Muslim transplant recipients’ family experiences following organ transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Zahra Sheikhalipour ◽  
Vahid Zamanzadeh ◽  
Leili Borimnejad ◽  
Sarah E Newton ◽  
Leila Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Experience ◽  
Family Experiences ◽  
The Family

Background Despite the importance of family and its relationship to positive transplant outcomes, little is known about family experiences following organ transplantation from the perspective of the transplant recipients. The literature is also devoid of information that describes the family experiences of Muslim transplant recipients. Aims The purpose of this study was to describe Muslim transplant recipients’ family experiences following organ transplantation. Methods A hermeneutical phenomenological approach was employed to determine the emergent themes present in the data. The sample was composed of 12 Muslim organ transplant recipients (heart, kidney and liver) living in Iran. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant. Results The primary constitutive pattern that emerged from the interview data was ‘Altered Family Relationships’ and three themes: fear in relationships, abnormal relationships, and the family at the centre of organ transplant issues. Conclusions There are several important findings in this study, notably that Muslim transplant recipients describe their family experiences following organ transplantation as ‘altered’ and not as they were pre-transplant. More research is needed that focuses on the family experience post-transplant, and how Muslim transplant recipient families are impacted by the transplant experience.

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