scholarly journals Biochemical and haematological parameters in dogs with Cushing’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernes Karić ◽  
Aida Hodžić ◽  
Amir Zahirović ◽  
Amina Hrković-Porobija ◽  
Husein Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
As Stress

The exposure of the body to stress, regardless of whether it comes from physical, chemical or emotional stimuli from the environment, causes an inadequate adaptation of the organisms which can contribute to the development of various diseases. Abnormally high blood concentrations of cortisol, known as stress hormone, lead to the development of a hormonal disorder called hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing’s syndrome. In the majority of cases, Cushing’s syndrome is diagnosed when symptoms are apparent, and screening endocrinological test confirms the existence either of increased cortisol production or decreased sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to negative glucocorticoid feedback. In our research, we examined a total of 23 male and 7 female dogs that were suspected to have Cushing’s syndrome, based on history and clinical signs. A total of 15 male and 5 female dogs were positive for Cushing’s syndrome (HAC group), whereas the remaining dogs were used to form non-HAC group. Using the apparatus IDEXX “Vet Test 8008”, the following biochemical parameters were determined: glucose, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, and amylase. Regarding haematological parameters, the following parameters were investigated: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW), white blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit, using “Laser cite vet lab Station” (IDEXX). No significant differences in haematological and biochemical blood parameters were noticed between the HAC and the non-HAC group of dogs. However, dogs suffering from Cushing’s syndrome had a higher value in the number of erythrocytes compared to the control group. The finding that has to be payed attention to is the difference in platelet count between the control group of dogs and dogs suffering from Cushing’s syndrome.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Process in a Crioulo Horse with Cushing’s Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Aquino Franco ◽  
Fernanda Carlini Cunha Dos Santos ◽  
Gabriela Vicensi Da Costa ◽  
Henrique Ramos Oliveira ◽  
Lays Wouters Ugolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Background: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, also known as equine Cushing’s syndrome, is a neurodegenerative disease. An important risk factor for Cushing’s is advanced aging and it is the most common endocrine disorder in older horses. The prevalence in horses aged over 10 and 15 years is reported as 9.3% and 21%, respectively. Due to the slow progressive nature of the disease, seasonal variation in hormone output and overlapping endocrine response to other events, accurate diagnosis is challenging. The diagnosis requires the combination of anamnesis, clinical signs, in addition to laboratory tests results. This study aimed to report Cushing’s syndrome in a Crioulo breed horse focusing on diagnostic methods.Case: A 13-year-old male Crioulo breed, orchiectomized, was attended at the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. The owner reported that the animal had progressive weight loss and coat abnormal growth, with curly appearance. From visual inspection, body condition score was 4 (1-9) bulging abdomen was noticed, hirsutism, depression and lethargy. Also, there was a large neoplastic mass on the left side of gluteal region. Later, this mass was classified in histopathological examination as a fibroblastic sarcoid and was treated. The animal presented physical parameters within the physiological limits of the specie. Normochromic normocytic anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were reported in the hematologic evaluation. In coproparasitological examination, there were 300 eggs per gram of feaces. Hyperadrenocorticism was suspected in the clinical examination and dexamethasone suppression test was performed to confirm the fact. Basal serum was collected at 17 h (M0) and subsequently 40 µg/kg of dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly. Serum samples were taken after 15 (M15) and 19 (M19) h, resulting in cortisol levels of 1.7 and 1.8 μg/dL, respectively. The M15 and M19 results were above reference values for horses (below 1 μg/dL). Combination of information gathered from anamnesis, clinical examination and dexamethasone suppression test resulted in the definitive diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, also known as Cushing’s syndrome. Paliative treatment included shearing all over the body and vitamin supplementation.Discussion: In animals without obvious clinical signs, Cushing's syndrome diagnosis is challenging. The most unique and specific clinical signs are the development of abnormal hair coat, mainly hirsutism, delayed or incomplete shedding, and in aged horse, lightening of coat color. The mechanistic cause of these signs is still barely understood. Cushing's is a collection of syndromes each with a unique set of clinical signs and hormone profiles, which varies according to each individual. Complementary examinations are extremely important and endocrine tests are highly recommended in addition to suggestive findings. However, despite the variety of existing tests, false negatives or false positives can frequently happen. Dexamethasone suppression test is considered the gold standard, well validated, practical and low cost for the diagnosis of this disease. In the present report, the combination of anamnesis (13 years old, weight loss, and abnormal coat), clinical exam (hirsutism) and dexamethasone suppression test (over 1 μg/dL of cortisol 15 h and 19 h after dexamethasone administration) resulted in the definitive diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Measurements of plasma concentrations of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test, serum insulin concentration and necropsy are other available tests. History, clinical signs and test results are important to achieve the definitive diagnoses, and when possible, it is advisable to perform post-mortem evaluation of the pituitary gland.

The blood parameters of steers of Kazakh White-headed breed against the background of the use of feed additive

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
A. A. Volokhovich ◽  
R. R. Fatkullin
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Percentage Ratio

Currently it has become popular to use different feed additives that allow us to increase the indicators of live weight gain by accelerating the metabolic processes in the body of animals, which allows us to take everything from the feed and to the maximum. With the advent of this trend in the market the range of feed additives in different directions has increased. For the research we have selected Vermiculite Expanded as a feed additive. The purpose of the research was to search the dynamics of changes in blood parameters in experimental steers in comparison with the control group against the background of the use of the feed additive Vermiculite Expanded. An assessment of blood parameters of Kazakh White-headed steers against the background of the use of mineral feed additive has been presented in the article. Three groups of steers have been formed for the research: the 1st group has been as a control and received the main economic ration; the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received the feed additive to the main feeding ration in doses of 10 and 15 g/head for the groups, respectively. On the laboratory base blood tests we were able to search the correlation between morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the growth rate of experimental steers. The steers of the 2nd and 3rd groups during the experiment had an advantage in blood serum indicators in terms of both total lipids and glucose, in the end, the difference in percentage ratio with the control group was 14,08 % in the 2nd group and 12,60 % in the 3rd experimental group. It is worth noting that the concentration of phosphorus and calcium in the blood was at the high level, which in our opinion reflects the influence of the feed additive Vermiculite Expanded.

scholarly journals Correction to: Levoketoconazole improves clinical signs and symptoms and patient-reported outcomes in patients with Cushing’s syndrome

Pituitary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza B. Geer ◽  
Roberto Salvatori ◽  
Atanaska Elenkova ◽  
Maria Fleseriu ◽  
Rosario Pivonello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Author Group ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error in the first name and the surname of one of the authors in the author group. The last author name was incorrectly published as ‘F. Pecori Giraldi’ and the corrected name is ‘Francesca Pecori Giraldi’ (First name: Francesca; Surname: Pecori Giraldi).

scholarly journals Decreased ligand affinity rather than glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome

2000 ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Huizenga ◽  
WW De Herder ◽  
JW Koper ◽  
P de Lange ◽  
D AJ v Lely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Ligand Affinity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Receptor Number ◽  
Cortisol Levels

OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoids (GCs) serve a variety of important functions throughout the body. The synthesis and secretion of GCs are under the strict influence of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. The mechanisms of action of GCs are mediated by the intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Over the years, many studies have been performed concerning the regulation of GR expression by GC concentrations. METHODS: In the present study, we determined the characteristics of the GR in peripheral mononuclear blood leukocytes (PBML) from thirteen patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome and fifteen control subjects, using a whole cell dexamethasone binding assay. Furthermore, cortisol concentrations were determined in order to investigate a possible relationship between serum cortisol levels and receptor characteristics. RESULTS: There were no differences in mean receptor number between patients and controls. On the other hand, a significantly lower ligand affinity was identified in cells from patients with Cushing's syndrome compared with controls. A complete normalisation of the ligand affinity was observed after treatment in the only patient tested in this respect, whereas the receptor number was not affected. In patients, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between cortisol concentrations and ligand affinity, which was not found in controls. CONCLUSION: Receptor down-regulation does not occur in PBML from patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. On the other hand, there seems to be a diminished ligand affinity which possibly reflects receptor modification in response to exposure to the continuously high cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome. This assumption is substantiated by the fact that in one patient a normalisation of the ligand affinity after complete remission of the disease was seen.

scholarly journals Long-term low-dose ketoconazole treatment in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Comte-Perret ◽  
Anne Zanchi ◽  
Fulgencio Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Steroid Secretion ◽  
Free Cortisol

Summary Medical therapy for Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) is generally administered for a limited time before surgery. Aberrant receptors antagonists show inconsistent efficacy in the long run to prevent adrenalectomy. We present a patient with BMAH, treated for 10 years with low doses of ketoconazole to control cortisol secretion. A 48-year-old woman presented with headaches and hypertension. Investigations showed the following: no clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome; enlarged lobulated adrenals; normal creatinine, potassium, and aldosterone; normal urinary aldosterone and metanephrines; elevated urinary free cortisol and steroid metabolites; and suppressed plasma renin activity and ACTH. A screening protocol for aberrant adrenal receptors failed to show any illegitimate hormone dependence. Ketoconazole caused rapid normalisation of cortisol and ACTH that persists over 10 years on treatment, while adrenals show no change in shape or size. Ketoconazole decreases cortisol in patients with Cushing's syndrome, and may prevent adrenal overgrowth. Steroid secretion in BMAH is inefficient as compared with normal adrenals or secreting tumours and can be controlled with low, well-tolerated doses of ketoconazole, as an alternative to surgery. Learning points Enlarged, macronodular adrenals are often incidentally found during the investigation of hypertension in patients harboring BMAH. Although laboratory findings include low ACTH and elevated cortisol, the majority of patients do not display cushingoid features. Bilateral adrenalectomy, followed by life-long steroid replacement, is the usual treatment of this benign condition, and alternative medical therapy is sought. Therapy based on aberrant adrenal receptors gives disappointing results, and inhibitors of steroidogenesis are not always well tolerated. However, ketoconazole at low, well-tolerated doses appeared appropriate to control adrenal steroid secretion indefinitely, while preventing adrenal overgrowth. This treatment probably constitutes the most convenient long-term alternative to surgery.

scholarly journals Secondary Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome - Clinical Characteristics at Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Căpăţînă ◽  
Ionela Baciu ◽  
Daniela Greere ◽  
Andra Caragheorgheopol ◽  
Cătălina Poiană
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Secondary Diabetes ◽  
Secondary Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Proximal Myopathy

Abstract Background and aims. Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome is a rare disease associated with severe morbidity and increased mortality if untreated. Diabetes mellitus is a frequent initial complaint of these patients. Our aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics at the time of diagnosis in a cohort of patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the presentation of 68 cases diagnosed with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome followed-up in our institution was performed. Results: There were 57 women and 11 men, aged 18-74 years (mean 45.57±14.2). 38 had Cushing’s disease (CD) while 30 had adrenal CS. The most frequent signs/symptoms leading to the initial consultation and diagnostic suspicion were central obesity (55 cases, 80.88%), purple striae (28 cases, 41.1%), secondary arterial hypertension (27 cases, 39.7%), secondary diabetes mellitus (24 cases, 35.29%), hirsutism in 23/55 women (41.81%), hypogonadism in 23 cases (33.82%), proximal myopathy in 17 cases (25%), edema (10 cases, 14.7%). 13 cases (19.11%) also had secondary osteoporosis (diagnosed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry - DXA osteodensitometry). Among the two diagnostic groups there were several differences. Proximal myopathy, secondary hypertension and diabetes mellitus were all more frequent in cases with adrenal Cushing compared to those with CD. (p= 0.011, 0.006 and 0.024, respectively). This did not reflect more severe hypercortisolism in adrenal CS, as the hormonal values were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: If associated with certain clinical signs, some nonspecific (central obesity, edema, arterial hypertension), other more suggestive of CS (purple striae, proximal myopathy) diabetes mellitus could be the initial sign of this severe condition.

scholarly journals Influence of Network Multimedia Nutritional Supplements on Basketball Exercise Fatigue Based on Embedded Microprocessor

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Shihong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Sports can cause the consumption of energy materials in the body. The rational use of nutritional supplements can maintain the homeostasis of the organism, which plays a very important role in improving the competitive performance of sports athletes. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of nutritional supplements on basketball sports fatigue. The method of this study is as follows: first of all, 15 basketball players in our city were selected as the experimental objects, and they were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The members of the experimental group took nutrients. After the training, 6 days a week, 3 hours in the morning and 3 hours in the afternoon, and the rest was adjusted on Sunday. Before training, four weeks and eight weeks of training, the blood routine indexes and body functions of athletes were tested. The results showed that the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, and average hemoglobin concentration of ligustilide supplement of the athletes were at the level of 0.05 after 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and the difference was significant ( P < 0.05 ). The nutritional supplements were used in sprint (3.4 s less), long-distance running (12.8 s less), and weight lifting (6.2 kg more) to a certain extent. Nutritional supplements are used as an auxiliary means of diet to supplement the amino acids, trace elements, vitamins, minerals, etc. required by the human body. The conclusion is that nutrition supplement can effectively improve the indexes of athletes’ body in about four weeks, but the effect is not obvious after a long time. This study provides a certain method for the research of nutritional supplements in the field of sports.

Influence of feed additive Vitartil on the productive traits and biochemical parameters of steers’ blood

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
S. S. Mirgalimova ◽  
A. O. Trufanova ◽  
R. R. Fatkullin
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Experimental Group

The physiological state of animals is to a certain extent characterized by hematological indicators, since blood occupies a special place in the body. By transferring nutrients and biologically active substances, the blood performs the general regulation of vital functions of the body. The use of Vitartil as a feed additive in the diets of animals leads to an increase in glycolytic processes and a decrease in the body’s need for oxygen delivery, which contributes to the growth of the animal body. The purpose of the research was to study the changes in blood parameters taking into account the age of Hereford steers against the background of the use of Vitartil feed additive to the main diet and its effect on the productive traits of animals. In order to carry out the experiment two groups of steers-analogs of Hereford breed have been formed at the age of 6 months per 10 heads in each. The difference between the groups was that the steers of the experimental group have been received the feed additive Vitartil in addition to the main diet. The greater yield of the meat part was in the steers of the experimental group in comparison with the herdmates of the control group. This indicator in the experimental group was 78,9 %, while in the control group it was lower by 1,6 %. The animals of the experimental group were superior to their herdmates in terms of meat weight by 1,4 kg or by 8,8 %. The relative number of bones was lower in the experimental group and amounted to 18,4 %, and in the control group 19,2 %. The meat content index was high in the steer have been received the biologically active additive Vitartil and was 4,3, and in the control group 4,0. It has been found that the use of Vitartil feed additive to the main diet of Hereford steers increases the blood content of hemoglobin and glucose, which has a certain effect on the morphological and chemical composition of meat, as well as increases its energy value.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Toxicological Assessment of Fulvic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chongshan Dai ◽  
Xilong Xiao ◽  
Yonglei Yuan ◽  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Shusheng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Fulvic acid (FA), a humic substance, has several nutraceutical properties, including anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, and immune regulation abilities. However, systematic safety assessment remains insufficient. In the present study, a battery of toxicological studies was conducted per internationally accepted standards to investigate the genotoxicity and repeated-dose oral toxicity of FA. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice were used. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes (all p > 0.05 ) in all FA treatment groups in the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test, in vivo sperm shape abnormality assay, and in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. The acute toxicity test showed that no mortality or toxic effect was observed following oral administration of the maximum dose of 5,000 mg/kg BW/day to mice or rats. A 60-day subchronic study was conducted at 0 (control), 200, 1,000, and 5,000 mg/kg/day. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes (all p > 0.05 ) in the body weights, feed consumption, clinical signs, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, or histopathology examinations. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of FA supplementation from the 60-day study was determined to be 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested. Our findings suggest that the oral administration of FA may have higher safety.

scholarly journals Levoketoconazole improves clinical signs and symptoms and patient-reported outcomes in patients with Cushing’s syndrome

Pituitary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza B. Geer ◽  
Roberto Salvatori ◽  
Atanaska Elenkova ◽  
Maria Fleseriu ◽  
Rosario Pivonello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Baseline Score ◽  
Peripheral Edema ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Abstract Purpose The efficacy of levoketoconazole in treating hypercortisolism was demonstrated in an open-label phase 3 study (SONICS) of adults with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) and baseline mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) ≥  1.5× ULN. Clinical signs and symptoms and patient-reported outcomes from the SONICS trial were evaluated in the current manuscript. Methods Patients titrated to an individualized therapeutic dose entered a 6-month maintenance phase. Secondary endpoints included investigator-graded clinical signs and symptoms of CS during the maintenance phase, and patient-reported quality of life (CushingQoL questionnaire) and depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI-II]). Results Of 94 enrolled patients, 77 entered the maintenance phase following individualized dose titration. Significant mean improvements from baseline were noted at end of maintenance (Month 6) for acne, hirsutism (females only), and peripheral edema. These improvements were observed as early as Day 1 of maintenance for hirsutism (mean baseline score, 7.8; ∆ − 1.9; P < 0.0001), end of Month 1 for acne (mean baseline score, 2.8; ∆ − 1.2; P = 0.0481), and Month 4 for peripheral edema (mean baseline score, 1.0; ∆ − 0.5; P = 0.0052). Significant mean improvements from baseline were observed by Month 3 of maintenance for CushingQoL (mean baseline score, 44.3; ∆ + 6.9; P = 0.0018) and at Month 6 for BDI-II (mean baseline score, 17.1; ∆ − 4.3; P = 0.0043) scores. No significant mean improvement was identified in a composite score of 7 other clinical signs and symptoms. Conclusions Treatment with levoketoconazole was associated with sustained, meaningful improvements in QoL, depression, and certain clinical signs and symptoms characteristic of CS. ClinialTrials.gov identifier: NCT01838551.

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