Use of an industrial by-product as a liming source

1969 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Muñoz ◽  
Lourdes Peña ◽  
Julia M. O’Hallorans
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acetylene Production

Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], a by-product of the acetylene production process, is a potential liming source for acid agricultural soils. The material as generated has a moisture content of 80%, which decreases to about 50% after settling in a collecting pond. Air dried Ca(OH)2 (2.63% moisture), ground to pass a 300 µm sieve, had a CaCO3 equivalent of 120%, Commercial CaCO3 (1.53% moisture) had a pure CaCO3 equivalent of 84%. Both liming sources were evaluated in laboratory incubation studies using four acid soils; Corozal clay (Ultisol), Mariana (Inceptisol), Bayamón (Oxisol) and Alonso (Ultisol). The industrial waste [Ca(OH)2] was as effective as CaCO3 in neutralizing soil acidity. An application of 8.0 meq/100g of both liming sources increased the pH of Mariana soil from 4.65 to 6.07, Corozal soil from 4.13 to 4.92 and Alonso soil from 4.74 to 6.48. The pH of Bayamón soil increased from 4.39 to 6.65 with the application of 8.0 meq of CaCO3; however, the same amount of Ca(OH)2 increased the pH to 6.92. Exchangeable Al3+ levels were close to zero in Mariana, Bayamón and Alonso soils at pH values between 6.0-6.3. Exchangeable Al3+ in Coroza! soil decreased from 934.37 mg/kg to 269.79 mg/kg as the pH increased from 4.13 to 4.92. in a short term incubation experiment (5 days), Ca(OH)2 reacted faster than CaCO3 to neutralize soil acidity. Samples of Mariana, Alonso and Bayamón soils treated with 8.0 meq/100g of Ca(OH)2 reached pH values around 6,00 after one day of incubation, whereas CaCO3-treated samples reached similar pH values only after the second or third day of incubation.

Calcium modifies pH effects on the growth of acid-tolerant and acid-sensitive Rhizobium meliloti

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Howieson ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
LK Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Selection Of

The growth of Rhizobium meliloti is sensitive to soil acidity, and its poor growth and survival limits the production from Medicago spp. on acid soils. In the selection of acid tolerant rhizobia for medics, growth in acidified laboratory media has been poorly related to persistence in acid soils. However, the Ca concentration in laboratory media may have been inadequate for growth of some rhizobial strains at low pH. Therefore, acid-tolerant and acid-sensitive strains of R. meliloti were grown in a buffered, defined medium at a range of Ca and P concentrations, and at several pH values. Growth rate was increased by increasing the Ca concentration from 200 to 2000 8M at low (5-70) and moderate (6.50) pH, but not at pH 7.30. Thus, the Ca requirement for the growth of R. meliloti under acid conditions is much higher than previously thought.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

Soil acidity in 1970 and 1989 in a coniferous forest in southwest Finland

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Westman ◽  
S. Jauhiainen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Water Suspension ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Repeated Sampling

Forest soil pH in southwest Finland was measured with identical sampling and analysing methods in 1970 and 1989. The acidity of the organic humus layer increased significantly as pH values measured on water and on salt suspensions decreased between the two sampling dates. For the mineral soil layers, no unambiguous trend was found. pH values measured on salt suspension tended to be unchanged or lower, while pH on water suspension in some soil layers were even higher in 1989 than in 1970. Key words: pH, repeated sampling

scholarly journals Conventional and Current way of Interpretation and Cost Forecasting

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Shahin ripon Nazmul ◽  
Riyaaz Sanjoy
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cross Section Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Cost Forecasting

This study discuses Short-term cost interpretation, regression analysis with time-series data, long term cost interpretation, Regression analysis using cross-section data, cost forecasting and Changes in the productivity of production factors. Short-term cost interpretation lead to short-term decisions, the concept of incramental costs has a very important role which includes variable costs and changes in fixed costs.  Long term cost interpretation to analyze the production function of several different firms, long-run cost estimates can be used. Based on these conditions, the estimation of long-term costs uses cross-section data. Forecasting costs for various levels of output in the coming period requires an assessment of changes in the efficiency of the production process physically, plus changes in the prices of production factors used in the production process.

Soil properties in relation to the occurrence of grass sickness in horses

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Grass Sickness ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Pasture Plants

Any conclusions drawn from the foregoing results will of course apply only to the necessarily limited range of soils in one county. This range is limited geologically and the Aberdeenshire soils belong largely to the class of light to medium acid soils of low base status. The results for these soils indicate that:(a) The occurrence of grass sickness is not confined to soils of any particular geological origin.(b) The range of textural conditions in the soils examined is a wide one covering loams, sands and peaty types with a few moderately heavy soils. There does not appear to be any relationship between soil texture and the incidence of grass sickness.(c) The soils examined all fall into the class of acid soils and in only a very few—about 5 to 10%—could the addition of lime be considered unnecessary from the general agricultural point of view. As against this there are no striking abnormalities in the ratios of exchangeable or readily soluble cations in the soils, which might serve as a clue to the occurrence of grass sickness. Although little is known of the actual magnesium, manganese and strontium requirements of hay and pasture plants, the range of values covered in the soils examined is sufficiently wide to make it very unlikely that there is any relationship between the incidence of grass sickness and the magnesium, manganese or strontium contents of the soil. In view of the relatively widespread acidity in the soils examined, the possibility of a relationship between the occurrence of grass sickness and soil acidity has to be borne in mind. It would be of value to find out if grass sickness occurs to an appreciable extent on limestone soils, or on soils which have been systematically limed and which have pK values in the neighbourhood of 7.(d) The majority of the soils are, from the general agricultural point of view, somewhat low in readily soluble or available potash and phosphate, but against this about 30% of the soils have satisfactory phosphate contents and about 20% of the ordinary surface soils and 46% of the top 2 in. samples, in which occur the bulk of the plant roots, have satisfactory potash contents. It does not appear likely therefore that the occurrence of grass sickness is to be related directly to the phosphate and potash contents of the soil. As far as reserves of the common plant foods are concerned there is likewise no abnormality which could account for the disease.

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