scholarly journals The effect of stocking rate, fertilizer level and winter supplementation on the grazing performance of Senepol purebred and crossbred bulls

1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Américo Casas ◽  
Danilo Cianzio ◽  
Aixa Rivera ◽  
Mariano Antoni ◽  
Luis Añeses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Winter Supplementation

The study consisted of a grazing and a grazing plus supplemental feeding phase. Forty-eight Senepol purebred and crossbred bull calves were assigned to the following treatments: T1: stocking rate (SR) 3.45 animals per hectare and 449.1 kg/ha of fertilizer; T2:T1 plus winter supplementation; T3: SR 1.85 animals per hectare and 224.5 kg/ha of fertilizer; and T4;T3 plus winter supplementation. The bulls were supplemented with a mix of poultry litter, molasses and corn gram at the onset of seasonal restrictions on pasture growth, During the grazing phase the effect of pasture management on average daily gains (ADG) and closing weights was not significant (P > 0.05). However, moderate pasture management systems (T1 and T2) produced 218 kg more weight gain per hectare (P < 0.05). Winter supplementation increased (P < 0.05) ADG; total weight gains per bull; and weight gains per hectare (+0.32 kg/animal/day; +37.1 kg/animal; +104.4 kg/ha of weight gain). Bulls in T2 and T4 consumed daily 2.33 and 1.44 kg of supplement dry matter (DM) per animal and had estimated feed conversions of 6.65 and 5.90 kg of DM) per kilogram of added gain (P > 0.05), respectively. Herbage mass decreased continuously and was significantly lower (P < 0.05) at the end of the trial. The mean production cost of the total weight gain for the entire study was $0.08/kg lower in T2 than in T1. Within supplemented treatments, animals grazing at a SR of 3.45 animals per hectare (T2) had the lowest cost per kilogram of gain.

Beef production from native pastures sown to fine-stem stylo in the Burnett region of south-eastern Queensland

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (97) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Bowen ◽  
KG Rickert
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Management Options ◽  
North West ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Stocking Rates

At Gayndah, south-eastern Queensland, a native Heteropogon contortus pasture, sown to fine-stem stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis var. intermedia), and invaded by red natal grass (Rhynchelytrum repens), was grazed by weaner steers from June 1 in three treatments : heavy and light put-and-take grazing for five years from 1971, and set-stocked at 1.37 animals ha-1 for two years from 1974. Weight gains in the put-and-take treatments were not significantly different. The mean annual liveweight gain was 167 kg animal-1 at a mean equivalent stocking rate of 1.47 animals ha-1. Over the same period unsown native pasture, cleared of timber, gave a gain of 62 kg animal-1 at 0.62 animals ha-1. In all seasons except summer, weight gains declined linearly with stocking rate and in 1972-73, with a mean equivalent stocking rate of 2.66 animals ha-1, the annual gain was almost halved. When equivalent stocking rates were 0.9, 0.9, 1.8 and 1.2 animals ha-1 in winter, spring, summer and autumn, the respective gains were 4, 73, 65 and 45 kg animal-1. The set-stocked treatment had a mean annual gain of 147 kg animal-1. At another site 116 km north-west of Gayndah, two paddocks of Heteropogon contortus and fine-stem stylo were set-stocked with weaners over four years. One paddock had four applications of superphosphate of 250 kg ha-1. The mean annual liveweight gains were significantly different, being 154 and 143 kg animal-1 in the fertilized and unfertilized paddocks at mean stocking rates of 0.83 and 0.74 animals ha-1, respectively. In a grazing protection experiment the density of fine-stem stylo declined exponentially with an accumulation of pasture dry matter in spring and summer. Heavy continuous grazing, an annual hay cut and an accidental fire all increased the density of fine-stem stylo. Management options to maintain the density of fine-stem stylo and the relative importance of the legume and grass to animal production are discussed.

Factorial and discriminant analysis on non-carcass components of Berganês lambs from different sexual classes and crossbreeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
José Renaldo Vilar da Silva Filho ◽  
João Bandeira de Moura Neto ◽  
Lays Thayse Alves dos Santos ◽  
Clebson Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Rafael Torres de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
By Products

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the non-carcass components (NCC) of Berganês ecotype lambs of different sexual classes and genotypes using univariate and multivariate statistics, carrying out two experimental trials. In order to evaluate the effects of the sexual class, non-castrated males (BNC), castrated males (BC) and females (BF) of Berganês ecotype lambs were used, with mean initial body weight of 27 ± 3.1 kg. To evaluate crossbreeding, non-castrated male lambs of the genotypes Berganês (BG), Berganês × Santa Inês (BSI) and Berganês × Dorper (BD) were used, as well as the control Dorper × Santa Inês (DSI), all with mean initial body weight of 28 ± 3.8 kg. The weight and yield of the total by-products was higher for BNC. Regarding the genotype, BSI showed higher weight and yield of internal fat, but the weight and yield of the total by-products was higher for BG and BD. In factorial analysis (FA), the NCC, more correlated with empty body weight (EBW) and total weight gain (TWG), showed higher eigenvectors for factor 1. For factor 2, the weights and yields of internal fat and total viscera obtained higher eigenvectors. The discriminant analysis (DA) classified 100% of individuals in their respective sexes and genotypes. Therefore, the FA indicated that, among the NCC evaluated, the weights of liver, kidneys, GIT, skin and feets are determinant for obtaining EBW and TWG. The classification achieved by the DA indicates that the sexual classes and genotypes are heterogeneous.

Weight suppression predicts total weight gain and rate of weight gain in outpatients with anorexia nervosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 912-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances A. Carter ◽  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
Jennifer Jordan ◽  
Virginia V.W. McIntosh ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Suppression

Comparative growth performance of Kajli lambs suckling their dams or offered buffalo-milk, cow-milk or milk replacer during pre-weaning period

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musharraf Ahmad Anjum ◽  
Shaukat Ali Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Ghulam Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Jamil Basra
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Weight Gain

Kajli, is one of the most beautiful sheep breeds of Pakistan. Because of their beauty, Kajli lambs are sold at a higher price than those of other breeds with similar weight. With the increasing trend in commercial livestock farming, young Kajli lambs are purchased from the open market and reared up to Eid-ul-Adha (The Muslim Sacrificial Day). Information on feeding cost and growth performance on artificial rearing is important for the breed lovers and for a commercial enterprise. The present study aimed at generating basic information on feeding cost and growth performance of Kajli lambs offered milk replacer, cow-milk, and buffalo-milk, in comparison with those suckling directly from their dams. Fifty-six healthy Kajli lambs both male and female (with equal sex ratio) born at the Livestock Experimental Station, Khushab, Punjab, Pakistan during spring 2013 remained with their mothers for 1 week and were then divided into four groups of 14 animals each. Lambs in Group I were allowed to suckle their dams ad libitum, twice daily until 8 weeks and then once daily from 9 to 12 weeks. Lambs were weighed before and after suckling to calculate milk consumption. Lambs in the other three treatments were offered buffalo-milk, cow-milk or milk replacer at the rate of 10% of bodyweight until the 8th week and then gradually reduced to zero by the end of the 12th week. All lambs were offered starter ration from the 5th week of age in individual pens. The data on milk and starter intake, weekly bodyweight and blood glucose were analysed through MIXED procedures of SAS using repeated-measures analysis, and average daily gain (ADG), total weight gain, weaning weight and feeding cost were analysed using a completely randomised design. Least square means of ADG (g/day) and total weight gain (kg) were similar (P > 0.05) in direct suckling lambs and lambs offered buffalo-milk (175 and 151, and 14.5 and 12.5, respectively), and were higher (P < 0.05) than those offered cow-milk (118 and 10.4) or milk replacer (94 and 7.7). Feeding cost (per kg of liveweight) was highest (PKR 535) in lambs fed milk replacer and was lower (P > 0.05) in the other three groups. The cost of rearing lambs on buffalo-milk tended to be lower (PKR 375) than those offered cow-milk. In the absence of ewe’s milk, rearing Kajli lambs on buffalo-milk during the pre-weaning period therefore seems to be a better alternative.

scholarly journals Effect of Adding a Different Level of Bentonite on Arabi Lamb Performance and Nutrients Digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Abass N. Khalaf ◽  
Hanaa A. Al-Galbi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

This study was conducted in one of the private fields in Maysan province to study the effect of adding a different level of bentonite to the lamb diets on the performance of lambs. The study included (18) male Arabi lambs weighted 24.5±1.22 kg and lasted 120 days. Lambs were taken after weaning at the age of 3 to 4 months. They were randomly divided into six groups. The diet was provided on the basis of 3% of live body weight. The diets of the trial included (A) a basic diet of 50% concentrated fodder + 50 alfalfa without any addition. (B) A plus 2% bentonite/ dry matter. (C) A plus 4% bentonite/ dry matter. Treatment (D) a diet of 100% concentrated feed + hay ad libitum (basic diet 2) and without any addition. (E) D plus 2% bentonite. (F) D plus 4% bentonite. The diet significantly affected the average final weight and total weight gain in favor of lambs fed treatment D (100% concentrated feed) with average final weight and total weight gain 46.57 and 22.11 kg, respectively. The addition of bentonite improved the rates of the rate of total weight gain is 17.71, 20.85 and 19.50 kg without adding and adding bentonite (2%) and bentonite (4%), respectively. The diet significantly affected the digestion rate of DM, OM, CP, EE, and NDF. Their digestion coefficients of 100% concentrate group were (75.98, 80.70, 80.09, 65.31 and 31.67%, respectively). 50% concentrated fodder (70.26, 71.53, 76.22, 45.47 and 27.36%, respectively).

scholarly journals Psychological Distress and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: a Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Florianne O. L. Vehmeijer ◽  
Sangeeta R. Balkaran ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Romy Gaillard ◽  
Janine F. Felix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Psychological distress and inappropriate or excessive weight gain are common in pregnancy and are associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. Psychological well-being and weight status of women during pregnancy might be interrelated. We aimed to examine whether psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with gestational weight gain. Method In a population-based cohort of 3393 pregnant women, information about psychological distress, depressive and anxiety symptoms was assessed at 20 weeks of gestation using the Brief Symptom Inventory questionnaire. Weight was repeatedly measured during pregnancy and obtained by questionnaire before and after pregnancy. Linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used. Weight gain in the second half of pregnancy, total weight gain, and the risks of inadequate and excessive total weight gain were the main outcome measures. Results In total, 7.0% of all women experienced psychological distress. Overall psychological distress and anxiety were associated with lower weight gain in the second half of pregnancy (differences − 1.00 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.62, − 0.37) and − 0.68 kg (95% CI - 1.24, -0.11), respectively). These associations fully attenuated into non-significance after taking account for socio-demographic variables. Similar results were observed for total weight gain. Only women with anxiety symptoms had, independently of potential confounders, a lower risk of excessive weight gain (odds ratio (OR) 0.61 (95% CI 0.48, 0.91)). Conclusions In this large prospective cohort study, the observed associations of psychological distress with weight gain during pregnancy seem to be largely explained by common socio-demographic factors.

The productivity of breeding ewes grazing on lucerne or grass and clover pastures on the tablelands of southern Australia. 4. Lamb growth

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Donnelly ◽  
GT McKinney ◽  
FHW Morley
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lamb Growth

Lambs were weighed at 6 and 12 weeks of age in 2 years in an experiment at Canberra in which their dams were stocked at six rates from 9 to 18 ha-1 on pastures sown to subterranean clover and either lucerne or phalaris. The ewes, either Merino or crossbred, were joined with Merino and Border Leicester rams over 5-week periods and lambed in mid-August or early September. In a year with moderate rainfall, single lambs reared by ewes at the mean stocking rate (13.5 ha-1) on lucerne were c. 1 kg or 8% heavier at 6 weeks (P<0.01) than those on phalaris, and c. 2 kg or 20% heavier in a much drier year when feed was scarce in winter and early spring. This weight advantage of those on lucerne increased by c. 70 g day-1 between 6 and 12 weeks of age only in the drier year. Lambs born in early September were up to 2.7�0.39 kg heavier at 6 weeks than those born in mid- August (P < 0.01); this difference did not change between 6 and 12 weeks (P > 0.05). Lamb weights declined linearly with stocking rate, more so on lucerne than on phalaris pastures (P < 0.01); this was correlated with the effect of stocking rate on maternal weight at lambing. Sire effects were more important for lambs from Merino than from crossbred ewes. Maternal effects were larger for lambs sired by Merino than by Border Leicester rams at 6 weeks but less so for weight gains between 6 and 12 weeks.

Pasture management and animal production in Quebec: A review

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène V. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
High Fertilization

Twenty percent of forage farmland was devoted to seeded and native pastures in 1991. Common white clover is widely found in native pastures but ladino clover is the main legume recommended. Timothy is the most popular grass for seeded pasture and its yield is increased by N fertilization. More than 30% ladino in pasture decreases the N fertilizer requirement. High fertilization of pasture where beef steers are kept at high stocking rates and moderately fertilized pasture where beef steers are kept at low stocking rates result in similar average daily gains. Excessive steer stocking rates can result in decreased herbage production at the end of the growing season which results in decreased weight gain. However, feeding concentrate can compensate for herbage shortage and maintain weight gain of steers with a high stocking rate similar to that of unsupplemented animals on pasture with a low stocking rate. The difference in total beef production per hectare between heavily and moderately fertilized pastures is only 10% higher for the former when herbage surpluses conserved as silage and hay are fed to steers during winter. When herbage allowance is not limiting, there appears to be no advantage in supplementing grazing cattle with concentrate or protein. Key words: Pasture, grazing, dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep

scholarly journals REHABILITATION CENTER FOR NUTRITION: A NOVEL APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinakini P. Solanki ◽  
Priti P Patel ◽  
Vijay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Introduction:  Malnutrition is a pathological state of deficiency or excess of nutrients. Under-nutrition indicates a state wherein the weight for age, height for age, and weight for height indices are below-2 Z-score of the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) norms. In children aged <5 years under nutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. There is significant increase in the risk of case fatality rate in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children suffering from diarrhoea, measles, and pneumonia. Revised estimates with the use of the new WHO Child Growth Standards in developing country situations has resulted in a 2–4 times increase in the number of infants and children falling below-three standard deviation (3SD) weight for height/length as compared to that of using the former NCHS reference. Material and Methods:  The study was conducted on sample size of 100 children and were then followed up for the period of 2 months to assess the nutritional status during the period of initial stay and the entire follow-up period using available records of anthropometric indicators of the admitted children recruited in the study at the Nutrition Rehabilitation Center (NRC). Weight at admission and discharge and daily weights were recorded from the NRC registers; average weight gain was calculated. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study of which 54 (54%) were girls and 46 (46%) were boys. The mean age duration for the entire group was 26.45 ± 12.23 months; for boys 25.87 ± 12.54 months and for girls 23.66 ± 12.88 months. 51% of the parents of the admitted children were illiterate, 48% had received education up to primary school, and 1% of the parents were graduates. 49% of the parents of the admitted children were daily wage labourers, while 36% of the mothers were housewives. The average weight gain for the study group during their stay at the centers was 9.34 ± 4.33 g/kg/day; for boys the average weight gain being 8.11 ± 5.27 g/kg/day and for girls 10.29 ± 5.99 g/kg/day. The mean MUAC at admission was 11.38 ± 0.96 cm and at discharge it was 11.99 ± 1.68 cm. The difference was observed to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Dropout rates of 10%, 32%, 48%, and 70% were obtained for the four follow-up visits conducted 15 days, 30days, 45  days , and 60 days from the day of discharge. Conclusion: Children belonging to illiterate mothers have the highest rates of malnutrition. There was a significant difference between mean weight at discharge and the mean weight at admission for the entire study group which is really satisfying the need of NRC.

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