Tastes and volatiles of tropical-type sweet potatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 96 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
José A. Dumas ◽  
Carlos E. Ortiz ◽  
Sheila Soler
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After

For fresh market sweet potato [Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam] quality is defined in terms of attractiveness, sweetness, texture, and flavor composed of taste and odor after cooking. There is a scarcity of information regarding taste and volátiles of tropical type sweet potatoes. The first objective of this research was to provide a robust set of data for carbohydrate type and levels, alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from six cultivars of sweet potato, data which will allow us to have a quantitative selection tool besides crop yield, tuber size and appearance. The second objective was to relate VOC differences among sweet potato cultivars that can be attributed to chemical and physical differences of the pulp before and after cooking. A three- harvest study was conducted to identify and determine major carbohydrate content, AIS, starch granule diameter and form, and tastes and odors of six cultivars of sweet potato, which were very sweet ('Gem'), sweet ('Miguela' and Travis'), moderately sweet ('Viola' and 'Martina') and non-sweet ('Ninety- nine'). The average AIS contents were 81, 77, 79, 85, 66, and 76% for 'Martina', 'Miguela', 'Ninety-nine', 'Viola', 'Gem' and 'Travis', respectively. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) indicated that the average starch granule diameters were 12.9, 15.3, 16.9 and 25.2 |jm for 'Martina', 'Miguela', 'Ninety-nine' and 'Viola', respectively. In addition, all of the sweet potato starch granules had both spherical and polygonal granules. The cultivars with greatest change in AIS and maltose content (raw vs. baked) were 'Gem', the sweetest, and 'Travis'. Correlation between sucrose index (SI) and AIS for baked samples was 0.956; for AIS and sweetness, correlation was -0.823. A similar correlation between the AIS and maltose was obtained for the data from the three harvests (-0.8493). Fifty volatile organic compounds of baked sweet potatoes were trapped in cold methylene chloride. The predominant volátiles were hexanal, 3-pente-2-ol, and isoledene. Other sweet aromas detected were 2,4-decadienal, 2-pentyl furan, benzaldehyde, 4-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone, and benzene acetaldehyde. The great differences in relative concentrations of volátiles among cultivars seem to be related to the synthesis of maltose and the content of AIS.

Tastes and volatiles of tropical-type sweet potatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
José A. Dumas ◽  
Carlos E. Ortiz ◽  
Sheila Soler
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After

For fresh market sweet potato [Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam] quality is defined in terms of attractiveness, sweetness, texture, and flavor composed of taste and odor after cooking. There is a scarcity of information regarding taste and volatiles of tropical type sweet potatoes. The first objective of this research was to provide a robust set of data for carbohydrate type and levels, alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from six cultivars of sweet potato, data which will allow us to have a quantitative selection tool besides crop yield, tuber size and appearance. The second objective was to relate VOC differences among sweet potato cultivars that can be attributed to chemical and physical differences of the pulp before and after cooking. A three harvest study was conducted to identify and determine major carbohydrate content, AIS, starch granule diameter and form, and tastes and odors of six cultivars of sweet potato, which were very sweet ('Gem'), sweet ('Miguela' and Travis'), moderately sweet ('Viola' and 'Martina') and non-sweet ('Ninetynine'). The average AIS contents were 81, 77, 79, 85, 66, and 76% for 'Martina', 'Miguela', 'Ninety-nine', 'Viola', 'Gem' and 'Travis', respectively. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) indicated that the average starch granule diameters were 12.9, 15.3, 16.9 and 25.2 |jm for 'Martina', 'Miguela', 'Ninety-nine' and 'Viola', respectively. In addition, all of the sweet potato starch granules had both spherical and polygonal granules. The cultivars with greatest change in AIS and maltose content (raw vs. baked) were 'Gem', the sweetest, and 'Travis'.  Correlation between sucrose index (SI) and AIS for baked samples was 0.956; for AIS and sweetness, correlation was -0.823. A similar correlation between the AIS and maltose was obtained for the data from the three harvests (-0.8493).  Fifty volatile organic compounds of baked sweet potatoes were trapped in cold methylene chloride. The predominant volátiles were hexanal, 3-pente-2-ol, and isoledene. Other sweet aromas detected were 2,4-decadienal, 2-pentyl furan, benzaldehyde, 4-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone, and benzene acetaldehyde. The great differences in relative concentrations of volátiles among cultivars seem to be related to the synthesis of maltose and the content of AIS.  

scholarly journals Tastes and volatiles of tropical-type sweet potatoes.

1969 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
José A. Dumas ◽  
Carlos E. Ortiz ◽  
Sheila Soler
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After

For fresh market sweet potato [Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam] quality is defined in terms of attractiveness, sweetness, texture, and flavor composed of taste and odor after cooking. There is a scarcity of information regarding taste and volátiles of tropical type sweet potatoes. The first objective of this research was to provide a robust set of data for carbohydrate type and levels, alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from six cultivars of sweet potato, data which will allow us to have a quantitative selection tool besides crop yield, tuber size and appearance. The second objective was to relate VOC differences among sweet potato cultivars that can be attributed to chemical and physical differences of the pulp before and after cooking. A three- harvest study was conducted to identify and determine major carbohydrate content, AIS, starch granule diameter and form, and tastes and odors of six cultivars of sweet potato, which were very sweet ('Gem'), sweet ('Miguela' and Travis'), moderately sweet ('Viola' and 'Martina') and non-sweet ('Ninety- nine'). The average AIS contents were 81, 77, 79, 85, 66, and 76% for 'Martina', 'Miguela', 'Ninety-nine', 'Viola', 'Gem' and 'Travis', respectively. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) indicated that the average starch granule diameters were 12.9, 15.3, 16.9 and 25.2 |jm for 'Martina', 'Miguela', 'Ninety-nine' and 'Viola', respectively. In addition, all of the sweet potato starch granules had both spherical and polygonal granules. The cultivars with greatest change in AIS and maltose content (raw vs. baked) were 'Gem', the sweetest, and 'Travis'. Correlation between sucrose index (SI) and AIS for baked samples was 0.956; for AIS and sweetness, correlation was -0.823. A similar correlation between the AIS and maltose was obtained for the data from the three harvests (-0.8493). Fifty volatile organic compounds of baked sweet potatoes were trapped in cold methylene chloride. The predominant volátiles were hexanal, 3-pente-2-ol, and isoledene. Other sweet aromas detected were 2,4-decadienal, 2-pentyl furan, benzaldehyde, 4-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone, and benzene acetaldehyde. The great differences in relative concentrations of volátiles among cultivars seem to be related to the synthesis of maltose and the content of AIS.

scholarly journals The potential of sweet potato biorefinery and development of alternative uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Antunez Rizzolo ◽  
Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski ◽  
Antonio Irineudo Magalhães Júnior ◽  
Luis Alberto Zevallos Torres ◽  
Carlos Ricardo Soccol
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Volatile Organic

AbstractThe bioethanol production from the sweet potato variety BRS Cuia using three different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LPB1-93, ATCC-26602, and CA-11) was carried out in this research. Comparative analyses of consumed sugar, ethanol yield, and productivity (in tons per hectare) increased along with the concentration of cells in the inoculum. Additionally, to verify the aromatic quality of a potential sweet potato distilled spirit, volatile organic compounds were analyzed. The results showed a yield of over 90% ethanol. It was observed that the sugar consumption and ethanol production rates can be increased with a higher initial concentration of cells. This resulted in higher concentrations of ethanol in shorter times. From 100 g of the sweet potato variety BRS Cuia, the highest concentration of ethanol obtained was 25.74 g L−1 using the LPB1-93 strain. The estimated bioethanol production is about 10,000 L ha−1, with two sweet potatoes crops in a year. The ethanol production from the sweet potato variety BRS Cuia is viable, representing a sustainable alternative to fuel bioethanol, as well as an alcoholic beverage due to the volatile organic compounds present in the distilled fraction.

scholarly journals Species and characteristics of volatile organic compounds emitted from an auto-repair painting workshop

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Song ◽  
H. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adsorption Systems

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary pollutant precursors having adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Although VOC emissions, their sources, and impacts have been investigated, the focus has been on large-scale industrial sources or indoor environments; studies on relatively small-scale enterprises (e.g., auto-repair workshops) are lacking. Here, we performed field VOC measurements for an auto-repair painting facility in Korea and analyzed the characteristics of VOCs emitted from the main painting workshop (top coat). The total VOC concentration was 5069–8058 ppb, and 24–35 species were detected. The VOCs were mainly identified as butyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds. VOC characteristics differed depending on the paint type. Butyl acetate had the highest concentration in both water- and oil-based paints; however, its concentration and proportion were higher in the former (3256 ppb, 65.5%) than in the latter (2449 ppb, 31.1%). Comparing VOC concentration before and after passing through adsorption systems, concentrations of most VOCs were lower at the outlets than the inlets of the adsorption systems, but were found to be high at the outlets in some workshops. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing effective VOC control systems and managing VOC emissions from auto-repair painting workshops.

scholarly journals Characteristics of marine shipping emissions at berth: profiles for particulate matter and volatile organic compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 9527-9545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Mingliang Fu ◽  
Fanyuan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Emissions from ships at berth play an important role regarding the exposure of high density human populations to atmospheric pollutants in port areas; however, these emissions are not well understood. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle emissions from 20 container ships at berth were sampled and analyzed during the “fuel switch” period at Jingtang Port in Hebei Province, China. VOCs and particles were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), respectively. VOC analysis showed that alkanes and aromatics, especially benzene, toluene and heavier compounds e.g., n-heptane, n-octane and n-nonane, dominated the total identified species. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields and ozone (O3) forming potential were 0.017 ± 0.007 g SOA g−1 VOCs and 2.63 ± 0.37 g O3 g−1 VOCs, respectively. Both positive and negative ion mass spectra from individual ships were derived and the intensity of specific ions were quantified. Results showed that elemental carbon (35.74 %), elemental carbon–organic carbon mixtures (33.95 %) and Na-rich particles (21.12 %) were major classes, comprising 90.7 % of the particles observed. Particles from ship auxiliary engines were in the 0.2 to 2.5 µm size range, with a peak occurring at around 0.4 µm. The issue of using vanadium (V) as tracer element was examined, and it was found that V was not a proper tracer of ship emissions when using low sulfur content diesel oil. The average percentage of sulfate particles observed in shipping emissions before and after switching to marine diesel oil remained unchanged at 24 %. Under certain wind conditions, when berths were upwind of emission sources, the ratios before and after 1 January were 35 and 27 % respectively. The impact of atmospheric stability was discussed based on PM2.5 and primary pollutant (carbon monoxide) concentration. With a background of frequent haze episodes and complex mechanisms of particulate accumulation and secondary formation, the impact of atmospheric stability is believed to have been weak on the sulfate contribution from shipping emissions. The results from this study provide robust support for port area air quality assessment and source apportionment.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air of Almaty City, Kazakhstan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Olga P. Ibragimova ◽  
Anara Omarova ◽  
Bauyrzhan Bukenov ◽  
Aray Zhakupbekova ◽  
Nassiba Baimatova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Before And After

Air pollution is one of the primary sources of risk to human health in the world. In this study, seasonal and spatial variations of multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sampling sites in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The seasonal and spatial variations of 19 VOCs were evaluated in 2020, including the periods before and after COVID-19 lockdown. The concentrations of 9 out of 19 VOCs had been changed significantly (p < 0.01) during 2020. The maximum concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) were observed on 15, 17, and 19 January and ranged from 233 to 420 µg m−3. The spatial distribution of TVOCs concentrations in the air during sampling seasons correlated with the elevation and increased from southern to northern part of Almaty, where Combined Heat and Power Plants are located. The sources of air pollution by VOCs were studied by correlations analysis and BTEX ratios. The ranges of toluene to benzene ratio and benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene demonstrated two primary sources of BTEX in 2020: traffic emissions and biomass/biofuel/coal burning. Most of m-, p-xylenes to ethylbenzene ratios in this study were lower than 3 in all sampling periods, evidencing the presence of aged air masses at studied sampling sites from remote sources.

Brown and Black Grease Suitability for Incorporation into Feeds and Suitability for Biofuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA MARIE L. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Brown Grease ◽  
Animal Feedstuffs ◽  
Food Recalls

Waste grease lipids used in animal feeds have been the cause of food recalls in Europe, where such materials were incorporated into animal feedstuffs. This resulted in unwanted residues in human food. The composition of such lipid sources has been lacking. Seventeen composite trap grease and isolated brown grease samples were analyzed. Analytes included nutrients, metals, and volatile organic compounds. Analytes were selected for relevance to wastewater treatment and resource reuse potential. Moisture averaged 89.4% and the pH was 3.8. The 5-day biological oxygen demand was 32,531 mg/liter, solids were 7.5%, and fats, oil, and grease were 48,970 mg/liter. Non–polychlorinated biphenyl volatile organic compounds were surveyed. In the 17 grease samples, 14 contained an average of 102.5 μg/liter chloroform; 11 samples contained acetone, averaging 369 μg/liter; 9 samples contained 2-butanone, with an average of 484 μg/liter; and 8 contained an average of 710 μg/liter methylene chloride and toluene at 311 μg/liter. The mean concentration of copper in 17 composite samples ranged from 15 to 239 mg/liter, iron averaged 314 mg/liter, lead means ranged from 2.5 to 24 mg/liter, and magnesium averaged 975 mg/liter. It is hypothesized that food preparation facility cleaning and chlorinated cleaning–disinfection agents combined with the organics in the low-pH environment of the traps produce potentially carcinogenic compounds. It is recommended that these waste grease materials be used as a feedstock for biofuel.

Use of post-consumer carpet products during landfill management of solid wastes

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
F. G. Pohland ◽  
P. Rachdawong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
Landfill Management

This report focuses on the potential for using waste carpets as part of cover and liner systems at municipal solid waste landfills. Five different carpet materials were tested for their characteristics before and after incorporation with solid wastes in simulated landfill bioreactors. Selected analyses are presented on heavy metals and volatile organic compounds from TCLP extracts, and on leachate and gas samples during operation with and without leachate recycle. Biological clogging tests indicated no alteration in carpet integrity o2r significant reduction in permeability. Solid waste stabilization, indicated by gas and leachate parameters, proceeded without adverse impact from the codisposed carpets. Volatile organic compounds and heavy metals were present in trace amounts and below regulatory limits. These results supported post-consumer use of carpets as filter and separation layers for municipal solid waste landfill cover and liner systems.

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