scholarly journals Behavior of plantain clones Maricongo and FHIA 21 under the presence of black Sigatoka at the humid uplands of Puerto Rico

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agenol González-Velez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Banana Streak Virus ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Black Sigatoka Disease

Agronomic characteristics and black Sigatoka disease severity of plantain clones Maricongo and FHIA 21 were evaluated in the humid upland region in Corozal, Puerto Rico. A 2x2 factorial experimental design (two clones and two management practices for black Sigatoka) with four replications was used. The management of black Sigatoka consisted of removing (deleafing) the infected leaves starting five months after planting followed by rotational applications of systemic and contact fungicides at 15 days intervals. This treatment was compared with a control treatment where no practices were performed for controlling Sigatoka. The FHIA 21 clone showed higher tolerance to black Sigatoka than the Maricongo clone. The management of black Sigatoka treatment significantly increased the average bunch and fruit weights for both plantain clones. On the other hand, results showed a high incidence (27.5%) of FHIA 21 clone plants with banana streak virus (BSV) symptoms compared with 3.5% in Maricongo. Commercial cultivation of FHIA 21 in Puerto Rico is not recommended at this moment, but further evaluation of the clone in different zones is recommended.

scholarly journals Yield and Fruit Quality Traits of Two Plantain Cultivars Grown at Two Locations in Puerto Rico under Black Leaf Streak Disease Pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-966
Author(s):  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Brian Irish ◽  
Angel Marrero
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Black Leaf Streak ◽  
Black Leaf Streak Disease

Plantain (Musa balbisiana AAB) is a tropical rhizomatous perennial plant in the genus Musa spp., closely related to banana (Musa acuminata AAA). It is an important cash crop and staple for inhabitants in many parts of the world, including various ethnic groups in the United States. Black leaf streak disease (BLSD) or black sigatoka, caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis (formerly Mycosphaerella fijiensis), is responsible for significant losses of this crop due to the high susceptibility of the most economically important cultivars. BLSD does not immediately kill plantain plants, but it causes severe leaf necrosis, which results in reduced photosynthetic area, thereby adversely impacting bunch weight and fruit production. Without cultural and chemical control, yields can be reduced by 20% to 80%, depending on severity. This study evaluated a BLSD-resistant cultivar, FHIA-21, against Maricongo, a standard commercial cultivar with no BLSD tolerance, at two locations in Puerto Rico on Ultisol (Corozal site) and Oxisol (Isabela site) soils. Total number of fruit and bunch yield were significantly higher at Isabela, with BLSD severity being significantly lower at this location. Average fruit production of ‘FHIA-21’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Maricongo’ at both locations, with fruit yields of 122,522 and 99,948 fruit/ha at Isabela and Corozal, respectively. Overall, fruit of ‘FHIA-21’ were significantly longer and had greater diameters than those of ‘Maricongo’. At Isabela, the mean bunch fruit weight was significantly higher for ‘FHIA-21’, but both cultivars exceeded the minimum local marketable fruit weight criterion of 270 g. At both locations, the numbers of functional leaves present at flowering and at harvest were significantly higher for ‘FHIA-21’ than for ‘Maricongo’, indicating more availability of photosynthetic area for ‘FHIA-21’ during the fruit-filling period. There were no significant differences between cultivars regarding the concentration of starch and soluble sugars for green fruit. Regarding ripe fruit, ‘FHIA-21’ had a significantly higher concentration of soluble sugars and less starch. In this study, ‘FHIA-21’ had good resistance against BLSD and, if accepted by consumers, is a viable alternative to current commercial cultivars. We also conclude from this study that the expression of the Banana streak virus (BSV) in planting material of this cultivar remains an unknown threat in yield decline of ‘FHIA-21’.

Using saline reclaimed water on almond grown in Mediterranean conditions: deficit irrigation strategies and salinity effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo ◽  
Giuseppe Lopriore ◽  
Cristina Romero-Trigueros ◽  
Francisco Pedrero Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Almond Trees

Abstract The main objective of this study was to acquire agronomic knowledge about the effects of irrigation with saline reclaimed (RW) and desalinated DESERT (DW) water and different irrigation strategies: control full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leaf nutrients, tree growth and fruit quality and yield of almond trees in pots. Our results showed that RW had the highest concentration of some valuable agronomic nutrients such as N, but also of phytotoxic elements (Na and Cl−). Na leaf concentration on RW treatments reached toxic levels, especially under RDI, and toxicity symptoms were shown. Regarding tree growth, cumulate trunk diameter on RW-RDI was significantly lower than on the control treatment and shoot growth was reduced from the beginning of the irrigation season in RW treatments. Maximum yield was reached on RW-FI, 18% higher than the control treatment. However, RDI strategies influenced negatively on yield, being 23% less in RW and 7% less in DW although water productivity was not significantly reduced by water stress. These findings manifest that the combination of RW and RDI can be a promising future practice for almond irrigation, but long-term studies to establish suitable management practices must be developed.

Effective control of black Sigatoka disease using a microbial fungicide based on Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0015 culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Gutierrez-Monsalve ◽  
Sandra Mosquera ◽  
Lina María González-Jaramillo ◽  
John J. Mira ◽  
Valeska Villegas-Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Black Sigatoka Disease

Fijiensin, the first phytotoxin fromMycosphaerella fijiensis, the causative agent of Black Sigatoka disease

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 982-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Upadhyay ◽  
G. A. Strobel ◽  
S. J. Coval ◽  
J. Clardy
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Black Sigatoka Disease

scholarly journals First Draft Genome Sequence Resource of a Strain of Pseudocercospora fijiensis Isolated in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1620-1622
Author(s):  
Luis Amarillas ◽  
Mitzi Estrada-Acosta ◽  
Rubén G. León-Chan ◽  
Carlos López-Orona ◽  
Luis Lightbourn
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Black Sigatoka Disease ◽  
Pseudocercospora Fijiensis

Black Sigatoka disease, caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis, is one of the most devastating diseases of banana around the world. Fungicide applications are the primary tool used to manage black Sigatoka, but fungicide resistance in P. fijiensis, as in other fungal pathogens, is one of the major limitations in the efficient management and prevention of this disease. In the current study, we present the draft genome of P. fijiensis strain IIL-20, the first genomic sequence published from a strain of this fungus isolated in North America. Bioinformatic analysis showed putative genes involved in fungus virulence and fungicide resistance. These findings may lead us to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this fungal pathogen and also to the discovery of the mechanisms conferring fungicide resistance.

scholarly journals PCR multiplex para a detecção de BSV e CMV em bananeiras micropropagadas

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vasquez Figueiredo ◽  
Paulo Sergio Torres Brioso
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Banana Streak Virus ◽  
Pcr Multiplex

Um protocolo de PCR multiplex foi estabelecido para a detecção do Banana streak virus (BSV) e do Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) em bananeiras micropropagadas. Estes vírus são responsáveis por perdas na produção de bananas em todo o mundo. Alguns trabalhos descrevem a integração do BSV no genoma B da bananeira. Contudo, a existência de bananeiras híbridas livres do BSV tem sido demonstrada. Ademais, determinadas estirpes do CMV não são transmitidas mecanicamente sob condições de laboratório, nem tampouco detectadas por testes sorológicos. Como conseqüência, a indexação de matrizes para cultura de tecido algumas vezes se mostra ineficiente. A metodologia apresentada neste trabalho sobrepõe esta dificuldade, pois se baseia na detecção do ácido nucléico viral presente em amostras foliares de bananeira. Na reação, foram usados os oligonucleotídeos BADNA 1A e BADNA 4, para a detecção do BSV, e "CMV senso" e "CMV antisenso" para a detecção do CMV. Após a eletroforese foi verificada a presença de dois fragmentos de DNA amplificados simultaneamente, um dos quais com 597 pb correspondente ao BSV e o outro, com 488 pb, correspondente ao CMV. Este resultado indica que o PCR multiplex pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta adicional na indexação do BSV e do CMV em bananeiras propagadas por cultura de tecido.

Re-emergence of Tobacco streak virus Infecting Soybean in the United States and Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D. Irizarry ◽  
Carol L. Groves ◽  
Manjula G. Elmore ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Ranjit Dasgupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Streak Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Variable Weather

Tobacco streak virus (TSV) has an extensive plant host range, but until recently has not been a common problem in North American soybean. TSV is associated with bud blight and yield loss due to reduced plant height and density, and delayed seed development and plant maturity. TSV has been reported in recent years in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, and Wisconsin, as well as Ontario, Canada. Presence of the virus was confirmed by ELISA. In an Iowa field with high incidence, regression analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between incidence and seed moisture. TSV is seed and pollen transmitted, as well as being spread by thrips. Increasingly variable weather creating favorable conditions for thrips may be facilitating the rise of TSV. The combination of increased incidence of TSV with associated potential for yield loss and few known management methods brings attention to the need for further research. Accepted for publication 14 April 2016. Published 26 April 2016.

Forty years of alternative management practices in second-growth, pole-size northern hardwoods. I. Tree quality deveSopment

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry F. Strong ◽  
Gayne G. Erdmann ◽  
Jeffrey N. Niese
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medium Selection

The effects of six cutting methods on tree quality were observed for 20 years in a northern hardwood stand in Wisconsin. Cutting treatments included an uncut control, three levels of individual tree selection (heavy, medium, and light), crop tree release, and diameter limit. Average annual diameter growth was least in the control treatment (0.13 in./year, 0.33 cm/year) and greatest in the heavy individual tree selection and diameter-limit cuts (0.18 in./year, 0.46 cm/year). Cull in trees in 1992 was significantly higher in the control and diameter-limit treatments. Changes in merchantable height (number of 16-ft (4.9-m) logs) over the period were not significantly different among treatments, but average merchantable heights were significantly greater in the individual tree selection treatments in 1992. Average tree grade increases were significantly better in the medium selection plots than in all other treatments except the crop tree release. Nearly a third of the sawlog-size trees in both the control and diameter-limit treatments were below sawlog grade, significantly more than in the other treatments. Only 2% of the trees in the heavy selection plots were below grade. Tree quality improved the most overall in the medium selection plots. Stand structure in this treatment also most closely matched that recommended by guides developed to sustain yield over long periods of cutting under uneven-aged management.

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