scholarly journals Mathematical Models and Comparative Analysis for Rice and Soya Bean Irrigation Crop Water Needs: A Case Study of Bida Basin Niger State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
A. Abdulrahim ◽  
M. D Shehu ◽  
E Yisa ◽  
Z. A. Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Integral Calculus ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
New Finding

In this manuscript, mathematical models for cropping water need (C.W.N) and the size of land for irrigation (S.L.I) were formulated. The solutions of the models for Crop water need for Soya beans and Rice, and the size of land for irrigation (S.L.I) of the two crops was obtained. We fill the gap by considering the size of the irrigation land which is not considered by the Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A.O). The computational Method of solutions is carried out to get effective results. The climatic data of the study area (Bida Basin) under which our research is based includes: Rainfall, Humidity, Sunshine hours, minimum and maximum temperature, evapotranspiration were secondary data collected from Nigeria Metrological Society (NIMET). We compared the results of CROPWAT 8.0 software developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A. O) and our computational method so that we can arrive at a new finding and better results. The results for the computational method with the size of Land for irrigation shows that there is an increase in crop water need for the crops than the results of CROPWAT 8.0 software developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A. O) in which the size for the land is not considered. We therefore, recommended that the integral calculus can be used to estimate the irregular shape of the size of the land if the land shape is not in rectangular form before solutions are given for accuracy and effective results.

scholarly journals Zakres procesów internacjonalizacji na rynku serów

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Joanna Domagała
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Geographic Scope ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

The aim of the paper was to define geographic scope of internationalization the cheese market based on Elzinga–Hogarty method. Using secondary data (Food and Agriculture Organization, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics) were find that the cheese market is international in the scope, and this scope is evolving from country to semi-global. Cheese market consists Poland, USA and 9th EU countries in 2014. Such market has production of 13 643 thousand tones, consumption of 12 970 thousand tones and export and import at the level of 1361 thousand tones, 688 thousand tones, respectively.

Aufbereitung meteorologischer Daten zur Unterstützung einer globalen agrarmeteorologischen Beratung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Namyslo
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Applied Meteorology ◽  
Hermite Spline ◽  
Agricultural Meteorology

<p>Im Rahmen einer agrarmeteorologischen Beratung ist die Berechnung der Verdunstung für spezifische Agrarkulturen mit geeigneten Modellen möglichst auf einer stündlichen Zeitskala erforderlich. Im DWD ist hierzu das Modell AMBAV (Agrarmeteorologisches Modell zur Berechnung der aktuellen Verdunstung) entwickelt worden und wird für die nationale agrarmeteorologische Beratung operationell mit Vorhersagedaten und für Wirkanalysen auch mit Klimadaten verwendet. Insbesondere hinsichtlich globaler Anwendungen liegen gemessene oder mit Klimamodellen berechnete meteorologische Datenzeitreihen häufig nur für eine tägliche Zeitskala, oder als Modelldaten für ausgewählte Elemente bestenfalls in einer 6-stündigen Zeitskala, vor. Dies sind Tagesmittel oder Tagessummen (z.B. Wind bzw. Globalstrahlung und Niederschlag) sowie gegebenenfalls tägliche Extremwerte (Minimum und Maximum der Lufttemperatur, stärkste Tagesböe).</p> <p>Zur Bereitstellung stündlicher Daten aus Tagesdaten wurde daher ein Präprozessor entwickelt, der gemessene Stationsdaten (Modus „Station“) oder modellierte Daten globaler Modelle (Modus „Gitter“) verwendet. Dabei wurde vorausgesetzt, dass im Vorfeld einer Erarbeitung von zeitlichen Disaggregierungsverfahren keine umfangreichen Klimaanalysen durchgeführt werden müssen sondern weitestgehend auf Erfahrung zurückgegriffen werden kann. Vorhandene Programme (z.B. MELODIST) konnten jedoch wegen teilweise anderer Zielstellung oder Datenanforderungen nicht ohne weiteres verwendet werden. So wurde z.B. für die Tagessumme der Globalstrahlung auf das Angström-Verfahren (FAO, 1998), für den Niederschlag auf das Kaskadenverfahren nach Olsson (1998), für die Lufttemperatur auf den „sin-exp-Ansatz“ nach Parton und Logan (1981) und für den Wind auf die „normierte Böen­geschwindigkeit“ (Verkaik, 2000) zurückgegriffen. Für erforderliche Interpolationen werden das Newton-Verfahren und das „cubic hermite spline“ verwendet.</p> <p>Die vorgestellten Verfahren werden mit Stationsdaten des ZAMF und beispielhaft mit Modelldaten des GFCS für Madagaskar angewendet.</p> <p><strong>Literatur</strong></p> <p>FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), 1998: Crop evaporation – Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, 300 p.</p> <p>Olsson, J., 1998: Evaluation of a scaling cascade model for temporal rainfall disaggregation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2, p.19-30.</p> <p>Parton, W.J. and J.A. Logan, 1981: A model for diurnal variation in soil and air temperature. Agricultural Meteorology, 23, p.205-216.</p> <p>Verkaik, J.W., 2000: Evaluation of two gustiness models for exposure correction calculations. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 39, p.1613-1626.</p>

scholarly journals Estimation of the Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Bell Pepper Using a Removable Weighing Lysimeter: A Case Study in the Southeast of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Laura Ávila-Dávila ◽  
José Miguel Molina-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Bautista-Capetillo ◽  
Manuel Soler-Méndez ◽  
Cruz Octavio Robles Rovelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Weighing Lysimeter

Water use efficiency is essential in semiarid regions of Spain, and it can be achieved through a precise knowledge of the real crop water requirements (CWR). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) offers standardized crop coefficients to establish the CWR. However, these coefficients can change due to different conditions, such as climatic variations and cultivation practices. In this work, the evapotranspiration (ETClys) and crop coefficients (KClys) of bell pepper were obtained with a compact removable weighing lysimeter between February and August for two crop seasons (2019 and 2020). ETClys was determined from the water balance, and the KClys values were determined as the ratio of the crop evapotranspiration, measured on the removable weighing lysimeter, and the reference evapotranspiration. The KClys average values for the bell pepper in the initial, middle, and final stages were 0.57, 1.06, and 0.80, respectively. KC regression models were obtained as a function of the fraction thermal units, achieving a maximum correlation of 0.67 (R2). In general, the KC values obtained in this research work were lower in the initial and in the final stages and larger in the middle stage in comparison with the FAO-56 values and other research works values in semiarid conditions. The bell pepper yield increased by 7.72% in 2019 and by 3.49% in 2020 compared to the yield reported by the Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Areas of the Spanish Government in 2019 and with a minimum water loss through drainage. The results in this work can help farmers to determine the crop water requirements and to improve the system efficiency in semiarid locations with similar conditions to those in the study.

scholarly journals Comment on "Technical Note: On the Matt–Shuttleworth approach to estimate crop water requirements" by Lhomme et al. (2014)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 5367-5375
Author(s):  
W. J. Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
United Nations Food ◽  
Simple Equations

Abstract. It is clear from Lhomme et al. (2014) that aspects of the explanation of the Matt–Shuttleworth approach can generate confusion. Presumably this is because the description in Shuttleworth (2006) was not sufficiently explicit and simple. This paper explains the logic behind the Matt–Shuttleworth approach clearly, simply and concisely. It shows how the Matt–Shuttleworth can be implemented using a few simple equations and provides access to ancillary calculation resources that can be used for such implementation. If the crop water requirement community decided that it is preferable to use the Penman–Monteith equation to estimate crop water requirements directly for all crops, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization could now update Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56 using the Matt–Shuttleworth approach by deriving tabulated values of surface resistance from Table 12 of Allen et al. (1998), with the estimation of crop evaporation then being directly made in a one-step calculation using an equation similar to that already recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization for calculating reference crop evaporation.

scholarly journals Irrigation Schedules and Crop Water Requirements for Some Main Crops in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Khan ◽  
Mogtaba Y. ◽  
Jamshaid Rahman ◽  
Murtada Elbashir ◽  
Ziyad AlHussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Standard Software

Abstract The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) CROPWAT 8.0 standard software and the CLIMWAT 2.0 tool affixed to it have been utilized in this study for Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia to find CWRs and irrigation plans for numerous extremely valuable crops of KSA. We were used CROPWAT P. M. method for find out the ETo and (USAD) S. C. method utilized to determine roughly effective rainfall. The analysis demonstrated that ETo change over from 2.84 mm/day in January to reach maximum 9.61 mm/day in July due to high temperature in summer with annual mean was 6.33 mm/day, effective rainfall changes from 0 mm to 53.4 mm. The total IWRs were 308.3 mm/dec, 335.9 mm/dec, 343.6 mm/dec, 853 mm/dec and 1479.6 mm/dec for Barley, Wheat, Maize, Rice and Citrus, respectively. Due to low demand in winter and high demand in summer, the total net irrigation and total gross irrigations are 210.6 mm and 147.4 mm, 176.6 mm and 123.6 mm, 204.5 mm and 143.2 mm, 163.9 mm and 114.7mm for Wheat, Barley, Citrus, and Maize respectively except rice crop. These results showed that Wheat, Barley, Citrus, Maize and Rice crops have 4, 4, 12, 4 and 12 irrigation schedules respectively in a year.

scholarly journals Why are the pepper prices declining? An analysis of changing production and trade scenario in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
A.G. Adeeth Cariappa ◽  
B.S. Chandel
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Market ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Reserve Bank Of India

During the 1950s, India was the major player in the pepper market. Recently India has dropped to 4th position in production and exports. The price per kilogram of pepper in Cochin market reduced from ` 687 to ` 383 between 2014-15 and 2018-19. This manuscript attempts to study the reasons for the decline in India’s share in world pepper market and the recent fall in prices. The secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Bank - World Integrated Trade Solutions, Reserve Bank of India and Spices Board of India were used for analysis. Transitional probability matrix was deployed to analyse the change in the direction of trade, relative comparative advantage and competitive index was used to study India’s market power in the international market. There has been a change in the direction of trade since 1999-2000. The results revealed a four per cent decline in area under pepper during 2000-2018, and now Indian pepper market has become import oriented with a CAGR in imports of 13 per cent during 1981 to 2000 and four per cent during 2001 to 2016. A similar trend was observed in production and exports as it got reduced from 25 per cent and 20 per cent in 1960s to ten per cent and five per cent respectively, in 2016. Increased supply in the international market, decreased production, cheaper imports and illegal imports have pulled down the domestic prices sharply in recent years. From 1995, workers’ wages have increased by around 10 per cent, and with decreasing prices, the Indian pepper industry looks grim. Appropriate policies to safeguard Indian farmers’ interest, such as export promotions, increasing productivity, delivering reasonable prices and incentives for processors would instil confidence in the farming community and the industry as a whole.

scholarly journals Comment on "Technical Note: On the Matt–Shuttleworth approach to estimate crop water requirements" by Lhomme et al. (2014)

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4403-4406 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
United Nations Food ◽  
Simple Equations

Abstract. It is clear from Lhomme et al. (2014) that aspects of the explanation of the Matt–Shuttleworth approach can generate confusion. Presumably this is because the description in Shuttleworth (2006) was not sufficiently explicit and simple. This paper explains the logic behind the Matt–Shuttleworth approach clearly, simply and concisely. It shows how the Matt–Shuttleworth can be implemented using a few simple equations and provides access to ancillary calculation resources that can be used for such implementation. If the crop water requirement community decided that it is preferable to use the Penman–Monteith equation to estimate crop water requirements directly for all crops, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization could now update Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56 using the Matt–Shuttleworth approach by deriving tabulated values of surface resistance from Table 12 of Allen et al. (1998), with the estimation of crop evaporation then being directly made in a one-step calculation using an equation similar to that already recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization for calculating reference crop evaporation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Soybean Availability in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 042
Author(s):  
Grace Natalia ◽  
Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto ◽  
Slamet Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

This study aimed to determine the factors affected the soybean availability in Indonesia. This study used secondary data obtained from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), World Bank, and the Ministry of Finance. In this study, the data from 1964 to 2013 used to determine the factors affected soybean availability in Indonesia . The Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to determine the factors affected soybean availability. The results showed that (1) the data were stationary at first difference; (2) the data used co-integrated means long-term parameters; (3) ECT coefficient was 0.846 (significant at α = 5%) indicated the model used was valid. Soybean availability in Indonesia in the short term was positively influenced by the total planted area, total soybean consumption, and soybean import tariffs. In the long term, soybean availability in Indonesia was positively influenced by the total planted area, productivity of soybean, domestic soybean prices, soybean consumption, and rupiah exchange rate to dollar. In the long-term, availability of soybeans was negatively affected by the price of imported soybean.

scholarly journals CALIBRATION OF THE HARGREAVES-SAMANI EQUATION FOR SPECIFIC PERIODS OF THE YEAR IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF JAÍBA-MG, BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
Anunciene Barbosa Duarte ◽  
Lucas Borges Ferreira ◽  
Edson Fagne Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Monteith Equation

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) explains the climatic effects on crop water demand. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommends the Penman Monteith equation as a standard method for estimating ET0. However, because this equation requires a large amount of meteorological data, it has limited application. An alternative is the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) equation, which only requires air temperature data, and can be calibrated to specifc locations and periods. The present study aimed to calibrate the empirical parameters (coeffcients and exponent) of the HS equation for specifc periods of the year, as well as evaluate the behavior and calibration of this equation throughout the year in the municipality of Jaíba-MG, Brazil. The daily meteorological data from 1996 to 2011 were gathered from a weather station located in the municipality of Jaíba-MG. A general calibration was performed per semester, per season, per month, and during periods with similar climatic conditions. The calibration of the HS equation, in all of the forms studied, promoted better ET0estimations. The calibrations for specifc periods of the year only promoted slight increases in performance in relation to the general calibration, therefore they, in general, presented equal performance to each other.

scholarly journals Developing an Agro-Ecological Zoning Model for Tumbleweed (Salsola kali), as Energy Crop in Drylands of Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Falasca ◽  
Sandra Pitta-Alvarez ◽  
Ana Ulberich
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Salsola Kali ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Geography Information

Abstract Salsola kali is considered extremely valuable as an energy crop worldwide because it adapts easily to environments with strong abiotic stresses (hydric, saline and alkaline) and produces large amounts of biomass in drylands. This species is categorized as an important weed in Argentina. The aim of this work was to design an agro-ecological zoning model for tumbleweed in Argentina, employing a Geography Information System. Based on the bioclimatic requirements for the species and the climatic data for Argentina (1981–2010 period), an agro-climatic suitability map was drawn. This map was superimposed on the saline and alkaline soil maps delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization for dry climates, generating the agro-ecological zoning on a scale of 1 : 500 000. This zoning revealed very suitable and suitable cultivation areas on halomorphic soils. The potential growing areas extend from N of the Salta province (approximately 22° S) to the Santa Cruz province (50° S). The use of tumbleweed on halomorphic soils under semi-arid to arid conditions, for the dual purpose of forage use and source of lignocellulosic material for bioenergy, could improve agricultural productivity in these lands. Furthermore, it could also contribute to their environmental sustainability, since the species can be used to reclaim saline soils over the years. Based on international bibliography, the authors outlined an agro-ecological zoning model. This model may be applied to any part of the world, using the agro-ecological limits presented here.

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