scholarly journals GIS-Based Surface Runoff Modeling Using Empirical Technique For A River Basin In South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Prabhu Dass Batvari ◽  
K. Nagamani
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation Service ◽  
Hydrological Variable

Precipitation is the primary source of fresh water in the world. Surface runoff will happen when the amount of rainfall is greater than the soil’s infiltration capacity. In most water resource applications, runoff is the most important hydrological variable. Aside from these rainfall characteristics, there are a number of catchment-specific elements that have a direct impact on runoff amount and volume. This research focuses on estimating surface runoff over the lower Vellar basin, a river basin in the southern part of India, by integrating Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method with GIS. This technique is one of the most common methods used by hydrologists for estimating surface runoff. Curve Number (CN) is an index established by the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) to denote the potential for stormwater runoff. The nature of the watershed is explored first by creating land use and land cover pattern followed by the preparation of slope, drainage, and location maps. The area taken for this study is the lower Vellar basin situated in the Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India. The curve number is analyzed using the rainfall data of 15 years (2001-2015) and the runoff is being calculated. The watershed pattern of the study area is also explored being analyzed and executed. Preservation of the runoff water is also discussed.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of surface runoff at arid region: a case study in the Middle of Nile Delta

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Mohamed ◽  
Abdel-Aziz Belal ◽  
Mohamed Abu-hashim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation Service ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Geomorphic Units

Abstract Background Evaluation of surface runoff is an essential factor in the precision water and soil conservation management through their main extreme impacts on soil properties. The natural resource conservation service curve number model (NRCS-CN) model is used to estimate the magnitude of runoff. Collected topographic data is used to explain the effects of slope variation on water retention and surface runoff. Twenty-eight soil profiles are prepared in Nile delta, Egypt to cover different geomorphic units and hydrological soil groups in the study area. Results The results revealed that the highest value of surface runoff was distinguished close to the urban area and ranges between 40 and 50 mm. In urban areas, the surfaces are paved and there are no infiltration of water. Consequently, the runoff water directly flows to the storm channels. Runoff values ranging between 30 and 40 mm occurred at the north of the study area. The sloping surface and the nature of the clay soil contributed to generate more runoff than do lowland areas. Conclusion The study presented and tested the hydric runoff estimation based-model on the integrating of hydric balance parameters. The GIS tools analyze and compose these parameters to perform an indirect method for the quantity of water that results in direct surface runoff flow. This method helps to gain clear imaging of the surface runoff risks in the study area.

scholarly journals Estimation of surface runoff using NRCS curve number in some areas in northwest coast, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
E.S. Mohamed ◽  
M.A. Abdellatif ◽  
Sameh Kotb Abd-Elmabod ◽  
M.M.N. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation Service ◽  
Service Curve

The sustainable agricultural development in the northwest coast of Egypt suffers constantly from the effects of surface runoff. Moreover, there is an urgent need by decision makers to know the effects of runoff. So the aim of this work is to integrate remote sensing and field data and the natural resource conservation service curve number model (NRCS-CN).using geographic information systems (GIS) for spatial evaluation of surface runoff .CN approach to assessment the effect of patio-temporal variations of different soil types as well as potential climate change impact on surface runoff. DEM was used to describe the effects of slope variables on water retention and surface runoff volumes. In addition the results reflects that the magnitude of surface runoff is associated with CN values using NRCS-CN model . The average of water retention ranging between 2.5 to 3.9m the results illustrated that the highest value of runoff is distinguished around the urban area and its surrounding where it ranged between 138 - 199 mm. The results show an increase in the amount of surface runoff to 199 mm when rainfall increases 200 mm / year. The north of the area may be exposed to erosion hazards more than the south and a change in the soil quality may occur in addition to the environmental imbalance in the region.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Water Resources in the Haridwar Region of Uttarakhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8449
Author(s):  
Shray Pathak ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha ◽  
Rahul Dev Garg ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Daniel Jato-Espino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation Service ◽  
Annual Water

Watershed management plays a dynamic role in water resource engineering. Estimating surface runoff is an essential process of hydrology, since understanding the fundamental relationship between rainfall and runoff is useful for sustainable water resource management. To facilitate the assessment of this process, the Natural Resource Conservation Service-Curve Number (NRCS-CN) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were integrated. Furthermore, land use and soil maps were incorporated to estimate the temporal variability in surface runoff potential. The present study was performed on the Haridwar city, Uttarakhand, India for the years 1995, 2010 and 2018. In a context of climate change, the spatiotemporal analysis of hydro meteorological parameters is essential for estimating water availability. The study suggested that runoff increased approximately 48% from 1995 to 2010 and decreased nearly 71% from 2010 to 2018. In turn, the weighted curve number was found to be 69.24, 70.96 and 71.24 for 1995, 2010 and 2018, respectively. Additionally, a validation process with an annual water yield model was carried out to understand spatiotemporal variations and similarities. The study recommends adopting water harvesting techniques and strategies to fulfill regional water demands, since effective and sustainable approaches like these may assist in the simultaneous mitigation of disasters such as floods and droughts.

scholarly journals Impacts of conservation tillage on the hydrological and agronomic performance of <i>Fanya juus</i> in the upper Blue Nile (Abbay) river basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 4725-4735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Temesgen ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook ◽  
B. Simane ◽  
P. van der Zaag ◽  
Y. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Water Logging

Abstract. Adoption of soil conservation structures (SCS) has been low in high rainfall areas of Ethiopia mainly due to crop yield reduction, increased soil erosion following breaching of SCS, incompatibility with the tradition of cross plowing and water-logging behind SCS. A new type of conservation tillage (CT) involving contour plowing and the construction of invisible subsoil barriers using a modified Maresha winged "subsoiler" is suggested as a means to tackle these problems as an integral part of the SCS. We investigated the effect of integrating the CT with SCS on the surface runoff, water-logging, soil loss, crop yield and plowing convenience. The new approach of conservation tillage has been compared with traditional tillage (TT) on 5 farmers' fields in a high rainfall area in the upper Blue Nile (Abbay) river basin. Test crops were wheat [triticum vulgare] and tef [eragrostis tef]. Farmers found CT convenient to apply between SCS. Surface runoff appeared to be reduced under CT by 48 and 15%, for wheat and tef, respectively. As a result, CT reduced sediment yield by 51 and 9.5%, for wheat and tef, respectively. Significantly reduced water-logging was observed behind SCS in CT compared to TT. Grain yields of wheat and tef increased by 35 and 10%, respectively, although the differences were not statistically significant apparently due to high fertility variations among fields of participating farmers. Farmers who tested CT indicated that they will continue this practice in the future.

scholarly journals Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using NRCS-CN method and GIS approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Verma ◽  
Azhar Husain ◽  
Mohammed Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation Service ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
Runoff Depth

Rainfall-Runoff modeling is a hydrological modeling which is extremely important for water resources planning, development, and management. In this paper, Natural Resource Conservation Service-Curve Number (NRCS-CN) method along with Geographical Information System (GIS) approach was used to evaluate the runoff resulting from the rainfall of four stations, namely, Bilodra, Kathlal, Navavas and Rellawada of Sabarmati River basin. The rainfall data were taken for 10 years (2005-2014). The curve number which is the function of land use, soil and antecedent moisture condition (AMC) was generated in GIS platform. The CN value generated for AMC- I, II and III were 57.29, 75.39 and 87.77 respectively. Using NRCS-CN method, runoff depth was calculated for all the four stations. The runoff depth calculated with respect to the rainfall for Bilodra, Kathlal, Navavas and Rellawada shows a good correlation of 0.96. The computed runoff was compared with the observed runoff which depicted a good correlation of 0.73, 0.70, 0.76 and 0.65 for the four stations. This method results in speedy and precise estimation of runoff from a watershed.

scholarly journals The effect of land uses to change on infiltration capacity and surface runoff at latung sub watershed, Padang City Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Rusli HAR ◽  
Aprisal ◽  
Werry Darta Taifur ◽  
Teguh Haria Aditia Putra
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Rainwater Infiltration ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Hydrology Modeling ◽  
Runoff Discharge

Changes in land use in the Air Dingin watershed (DAS) area in Padang City, Indonesia, lead to a decrease in rainwater infiltration volume to the ground. Some land use in the Latung sub-watershed decrease in infiltration capacity with an increase in surface runoff. This research aims to determine the effect of land-use changes on infiltration capacity and surface runoff. Purposive sampling method was used in this research. The infiltration capacity was measured directly in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer, and the data was processed using the Horton model. The obtained capacity was quantitatively classified using infiltration zoning. Meanwhile, the Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrology Modeling System with the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph- Soil Conservation Service -Curve Number method was used to analyze the runoff discharge. The results showed that from the 13 measurement points carried out, the infiltration capacity ranges from 0.082 - 0.70 cm/minute or an average of 0.398 cm/minute, while the rainwater volume is approximately 150,000 m3/hour/km2. Therefore, the soil infiltration capacity in the Latung sub-watershed is in zone VI-B or very low. This condition had an impact on changes in runoff discharge in this area, from 87.84 m3/second in 2010 to 112.8 m3/second in 2020 or a nail of 22.13%. Based on the results, it is concluded that changes in the land led to low soil infiltration capacity, thereby leading to an increase in surface runoff.

Assessment of surface runoff depth changes in Sǎrǎţel River basin, Romania using GIS techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costache Romulus ◽  
Fontanine Iulia ◽  
Corodescu Ema
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Runoff Depth ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Scs Cn

AbstractSǎrǎţel River basin, which is located in Curvature Subcarpahian area, has been facing an obvious increase in frequency of hydrological risk phenomena, associated with torrential events, during the last years. This trend is highly related to the increase in frequency of the extreme climatic phenomena and to the land use changes. The present study is aimed to highlight the spatial and quantitative changes occurred in surface runoff depth in Sǎrǎţel catchment, between 1990–2006. This purpose was reached by estimating the surface runoff depth assignable to the average annual rainfall, by means of SCS-CN method, which was integrated into the GIS environment through the ArcCN-Runoff extension, for ArcGIS 10.1. In order to compute the surface runoff depth, by CN method, the land cover and the hydrological soil classes were introduced as vector (polygon data), while the curve number and the average annual rainfall were introduced as tables. After spatially modeling the surface runoff depth for the two years, the 1990 raster dataset was subtracted from the 2006 raster dataset, in order to highlight the changes in surface runoff depth.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Modeling of spatio-temporal database to Estimate Runoff Changes in Urbanized Watersheds

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-2 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
A. L. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Temporal Database ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This paper presents the development of a conceptual model of a database that allows the monitoring of changes in watersheds over time and verifies the impact of these changes on runoff. The conceptual model was developed using ER modeling techniques. ER diagrams were constructed from the semantic analysis of the variables involved in the issue of runoff in watersheds using the Curve Number method of Natural Resource Conservation Service. The conceptual model was developed based on the concepts of states and events, and the use of time as a basis for organizing spatial data allowed to record the time and place of any changes. The model of representation of spatial data based on object was employed. Through the proposed conceptual model, it is possible to store the results of several simulations for a watershed, linking each simulation to a specific event and identifying which scenario is valid at the time. Thus, it is possible to identify quantitative changes related to runoff over time and relate them to the events that caused them and the entities involved in such events. The conceptual model supports the existence of alternate realities, allowing the simulation and comparison of past and future scenarios.

scholarly journals Impacts of conservation tillage on the hydrological and agronomic performance of <i>fanya juus</i> in the upper Blue Nile (Abbay) river basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1085-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Temesgen ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook ◽  
B. Simane ◽  
P. van der Zaag ◽  
Y. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Water Logging

Abstract. Adoption of soil conservation structures (SCS) has been low in high rainfall areas of Ethiopia mainly due to crop yield reduction, increased soil erosion following breaching of SCS, incompatibility with the tradition of cross plowing and water-logging behind SCS. A new type of conservation tillage (CT) involving contour plowing and the construction of invisible subsoil barriers using a modified Maresha winged "subsoiler" is suggested as a means to tackle these problems as an integral part of the SCS. We investigated the effect of integrating the CT with SCS on the surface runoff, water-logging, soil loss, crop yield and plowing convenience. The new approach of conservation tillage has been compared with traditional tillage (TT) on 5 farmers' fields in a high rainfall area in the upper Blue Nile (Abbay) river basin. Test crops were wheat [triticum vulgare] and tef [eragrostis tef]. Farmers found CT convenient to apply between SCS. Surface runoff appeared to be reduced under CT by 48 and 15%, for wheat and tef, respectively. As a result, CT reduced sediment yield by 51 and 9.5%, for wheat and tef, respectively. Significantly reduced water-logging was observed behind SCS in CT compared to TT. Grain yields of wheat and tef increased by 35 and 10%, respectively, although the differences were not statistically significant apparently due to high fertility variations among fields of participating farmers. Farmers who tested CT indicated that they will continue this practice in the future.

scholarly journals Surface Runoff Estimation Of Sind River Basin Using SCS-CN Method And GIS Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abanish Sharma ◽  
Shruti Kanga
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Scs Cn

Abstract Rainfall and runoff are significant hydrologic component in the water resources assessment. Rainfall is the primary source of recharge into the ground water. Understanding of rainfall and runoff is necessary for assessment of water availability. The runoff generation procedure is extremely complex. Accurate runoff assessment is carried out for useful management and improvement of water resources. Many methods are available to estimate runoff from rainfall; however, the SCS-CN method still remains the most popular, fruitful and frequently used method. Runoff curve number (CN) is a key factor of the SCS-CN method and it is depends on land use/land cover (LULC), soil type, and antecedent soil moisture (AMC). Different parameters, like land use/land cover, hydrological soil characteristics (HSG), rainfall data (P), Potential Maximum Retention (S), Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC), Weighted Curve Number (CN), that are the mandatory inputs to SCS model, have been either derived from remote sensing data or from conventional data collection systems. The advance application of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques used to estimate surface runoff based on different parameters. The total area of present study is 26207.02 km2 of Sind River Basin, located in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh, India. The daily rainfall data of 23 weather stations (2005-2014) was collected and used to predict the daily runoff from the Sind river basin using SCS-CN method and GIS technique for the duration of 2005-2014, annual average of daily rainfall are 777.07 mm and annual average of daily runoff calculated for Sind river basin are 133.71 mm. The developed rainfall–runoff model has been used to understand the characteristics of the watershed and its runoff.

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