Distribution of arboreal nocturnal mammals in northern Borneo

This study aimed to determine the distribution of arboreal nocturnal mammals in northern Borneo, in particular the Bornean Striped Palm Civet Arctogalidia stigmatica, Philippine Slow Loris Nycticebus menagensis, Western Tarsier Cephalophacus bancanus, Bornean Colugo Galeopterus borneanus and Island Palm Civet Paradoxurus philippinensis. Nocturnal mammals were surveyed at six sites in northern Borneo of varying habitat types and patterns of disturbance. Standardised point and line transects following predetermined paths were used and mammals searched for with the aid of a thermal imaging camera, a red-filtered head lamp and alternatively, a white light head lamp. With 49% of the observations, A. stigmatica (36 individuals/6 sites) was the most common species across the study sites, followed in abundance by N. menagensis (16/5), C. bancanus (14/3), G. borneanus (11/3) and P. philippinensis (2/2). The highest arboreal mammal density of 4.4 individuals/km was found at our Kiudang study site in Tutong District. In addition to the five focal arboreal mammals, 20 additional species were observed throughout the study. This study reveals variation in arboreal nocturnal mammal presence with habitat type that is likely influenced by diet preferences, habitat fragmentation, and the level of hunting pressure. Further surveys combined with arboreal camera trapping will be necessary to study the secretive and easily disturbed arboreal nocturnal mammals of Borneo.

Download Full-text

Diet of otters (Lutra lutra) in various habitat types in the Pannonian biogeographical region compared to other regions of Europe

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.2266 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e2266 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

József Lanszki ◽

István Lehoczky ◽

Antoinette Kotze ◽

Michael J. Somers

Keyword(s):

Habitat Type ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Trophic Niche ◽

Lutra Lutra ◽

Fish Diet ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Mediterranean Regions ◽

Biogeographical Region ◽

Study Sites

Knowledge of the effect of habitat type and region on diet and feeding behaviours of a species facilitates a better understanding of factors impacting populations, which contributes to effective conservation management. Using spraint analysis and relative frequency of occurrence data from the literature, we described the dietary patterns of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in 23 study sites within the Pannonian biogeographical region in Hungary. Our results indicated that diet composition varied by habitat type and is therefore context dependant. The differences among habitat types were however lower than expected. We noticed a decline in the fish consumption with a concomitant increase in trophic niche breadth and amphibian consumption in rivers, ponds (fish farms), backwaters, marshes and small watercourses. The main differences in diet were not attributed to the consumption of primary and secondary food types (fish and amphibians), but rather to differences in other, less important food types (mammals, birds). Using hierarchical cluster analysis, rivers and ponds could clearly be separated from other habitat types. We found the main fish diet of otters in most of these areas consisted of small (<100 g), eurytopic, littoral and non-native, mostly invasive species. Dietary studies from 91 sites in six European biogeographical regions showed that fish are consumed most frequently in the Atlantic and Boreal, less in the Continental and Pannonian, and least in the Alpine and Mediterranean regions. Comparative analysis indicated that the Mediterranean region (with frequent crayfish consumption) and Alpine region (frequent amphibian consumption) cluster separate from the other regions.

Download Full-text

Materials on the ecology of background species of reptiles in the Tambov Region

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv2021101121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 135-141

Author(s):

Aleksey Vladimirovich Podolsky

Keyword(s):

Deciduous Forest ◽

Common Species ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

State Nature Reserve ◽

Sand Lizard ◽

Field Season ◽

Grass Snake ◽

Lacerta Agilis ◽

Study Sites

The paper presents data on the ecology of two common species of reptiles in the Tambov Region: the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758, and the common grass snake, Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758). The material was collected in the Michurinsky, Pervomaysky, Tambovsky and Inzhavinsky (on the territory of the Voroninsky State Nature Reserve) Districts of the Tambov Region during the 2019 field season. Field observations and accounting for the numbers of animals on the routes were carried out in the most typical biotopes for the study sites: in pine forest, deciduous forest, in steppe areas affected to varying degrees by anthropogenic transformation, in floodplains of rivers and along the shores of lakes and artificial reservoirs. Information on the following aspects of the ecology of these reptile species in the region is presented and discussed: habitat distribution and numbers, seasonal and diurnal activity, phenology of reproduction and development and the influence of anthropogenic factors. All materials obtained as a result of our own research are compared with the data of the literature sources cited in the paper. On the basis of wide distribution in the region, relatively high numbers and trends to synanthropy it is stated that the state of the populations of the sand lizard and common grass snake in the region in the present conditions is safe and special measures for their protection are not required.

Download Full-text

SURVEY SINGKAT MAMALIA DI HUTAN DIPTEROKARPA DATARAN RENDAH, HUTAN LINDUNG BATU BEROK, LONG PAHANGAI, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

ULIN Jurnal Hutan Tropis ◽

10.32522/u-jht.v1i1.805 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rustam Rustam

Keyword(s):

Food Chain ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Camera Trapping ◽

Combination Method ◽

Lowland Forest ◽

Helarctos Malayanus ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Tarsius Bancanus ◽

Palm Civet ◽

Line Transects

ABSTRACTThe aimed of this research is to know of mammals composition in dipterocarpa lowland forest, Batu Berok Protection Forest (BBPF), Long Pahangai, East Kalimantan. Combination method was done in this research, there is camera trapping survey, captured, direct and un-direct inventory by line transects and interview with local people. I have used 10 set of camera trapping, 50 cage traps, and 3.5 km line transect.Total 32 species of mammals were detected in this area, comprising 8 ordo (Scandentia, Dermoptera, Chiroptera, Primates, Pholidota, Rodentia, Carnivora and Artiodactyla) and 19 family (Tupaiidae, Cynocephalidae, Pteropedidae, Tarsiidae, Cercopithecidae, Hylobatidae, Manidae, Sciuridae-Sciurinae, Sciuridae-Petauristinae, Muridae, Hystricidae, Ursidae, Mustilidae, Viverridae, Felidae, Suidae, Tragulidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae) including Sun bear Helarctos malayanus, Sambar deer Rusa unicolor, Banded Palm Civet Hemigalus derbyanus, Clouded Leopard Neofelis diardi, and Tarsius Tarsius bancanus. The composition of mammals illustrates a pyramid pattern in the food chain which mean is very feasible for the habitat of mammals. Genus and Family Index illustrate the diversity of mammal in the study area 54% of mammals’ species in East Kalimantan and 56% of mammals’ species in Borneo. By IUCN redlist, 4 species included as endangered species and 8 species as vulnerable, 16 species included in appendix of CITES and 10 species included in the Indonesian government regulation (PP. 7/1999) as protected species.The diversity of mammal in BBPF by quick survey was relatively hight, but as a protected forest this area was not good managed whereas located in the central of heart of Borneo. Intervention by government program is deeply needed.Key word: camera trapping, cage trap, food chain, IUCN ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi mamalia di hutan dipterokarpa dataran rendah, Hutan Lindung Batu Berok (HLBB), Long Pahangai, Kalimantan Timur. Kombinasi metoda telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini, yaitu kamera otomatis, penangkapan, pengamatan langsung dan tidak langsung dengan transek, serta wawancara dengan masyarakat lokal. Digunakan 10 kamera otomatis, 50 perangkap mamalia kecil dan 3.5 km transek.Total 32 species mamalia telah terdeteksi di kawasan ini termasuk ke dalam 8 ordo (Scandentia, Dermoptera, Chiroptera, Primates, Pholidota, Rodentia, Carnivora and Artiodactyla) dan 19 famili (Tupaiidae, Cynocephalidae, Pteropedidae, Tarsiidae, Cercopithecidae, Hylobatidae, Manidae, Sciuridae-Sciurinae, Sciuridae-Petauristinae, Muridae, Hystricidae, Ursidae, Mustilidae, Viverridae, Felidae, Suidae, Tragulidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae), termasuk Beruang Madu (Helarctos malayanus), Rusa (Rusa unicolor), Musang Belang (Hemigalus derbyanus), Macan Dahan (Neofelis diardi), and Krabuku Ingkat (Tarsius bancanus) mamalia yang ditemukan menggambarkan pola piramida dalam rantai makanan, yang berarti bahwa kawasan ini sangat layak untuk habitat mamalia. Indeks genus dan family menggambarkan keragaman mamalia di area studi sebesar 54% dari mamalia yang ada di Kalimantan Timur dan 56% dari mamalia di Kalimantan. Berdasarkan daftar jenis species langka dan hampir punah IUCN, 4 species termasuk species terancam punah, 8 jenis termasuk species rentan, 16 species termasuk dalam lampiran CITES dan 10 species termasuk species yang dilindungi berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 7 Tahun 1999.Berdasarkan survey singkat ini keragaman mamalia di HLBB relatif tinggi, tetapi sebagai hutan lindung kawasan ini tidak dikelola dengan baik padahal kawasan ini berada di pusat jantung Kalimantan. Program pemerintah untuk mengelola kawasan ini sangat diperlukan.Kata kunci: kamera otomatis, perangkap mamalia kecil, rantai makanan, IUCN

Download Full-text

The Effect of Cattle Grazing on Ponderosa Pine Regeneration

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc67245-3 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 245-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. L. Kingery ◽

R. T. Graham

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Cattle Grazing ◽

Nez Perce ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Tree Seedling ◽

Pine Regeneration ◽

Study Sites

During the summer and fall of 1982, a study was established on the Nez Percé National Forest in central Idaho to assess the effects of cattle grazing on the performance of a new ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) plantation. Three study sites were located in a Douglas-fir/ninebark (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus) habitat type. Results after six years showed that livestock use can influence tree seedling establishment. Mortality and damage to tree seedlings from cattle resulted primarily from trampling rather than from browsing. Five and one-half percent of the seedlings were damaged by cattle, of which 3.6% died. Browsing by deer and elk caused the most growth loss. Overall damage was greatest from non-animal causes. Seedling quality at the time of planting, handling of the seedling, and droughty conditions during the first two years of the study contributed to this type of damage. Overall performance of the tree seedlings were relatively poor. Total mortality to tree seedlings resulting from all sources of damage was 43.6% for the grazed treatment and 25.3% for the non-grazed treatment.

Download Full-text

Incidence of White Pine Blister Rust in a High-Hazard Region of Wisconsin

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/18.3.81 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 81-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S.E. Dahir ◽

J.E.Cummings Carlson

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Basal Area ◽

Tree Density ◽

White Pine Blister Rust ◽

White Pine ◽

Site Factors ◽

Topographic Position ◽

Blister Rust ◽

Study Sites

Abstract The incidence of white pine blister rust, caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola, was recorded in 61 pole and small sawtimber stands in northern Wisconsin where the risk of infection has long been considered high. A minimum of three, randomly located, 10 basal area factor prism plots were established in each stand. Topographic position, aspect, slope, tree density, habitat type, and the presence or absence of bole cankers were recorded at each plot. The mean incidence of infection was 7.2% for all study sites and 5.9% excluding data from Bayfield Peninsula. Mean incidence of cankered trees at this site was 15.9%. The following site factors were significantly correlated with increased incidence of blister rust: increased latitude, higher topographic position, northern aspect, lower total tree density, and absence of a hardwood overstory. Incidence was almost three times higher on ridge tops and shoulders (12.3%) than on flat or bottomland (4.7%). Habitat type was correlated with disease incidence only at the Bayfield Peninsula site, and slope was not significantly correlated with rust levels on any of the plots. North. J. Appl. For. 18(3):81–86.

Download Full-text

Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2726.1.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2726 (1) ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

OLE A. SÆTHER

Keyword(s):

Common Species ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Additional Species ◽

Lake Winnipeg ◽

Larval Instars

Procladius (Holotanypus) rugulosus sp. n. from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, is described as male, female and pupa. Six additional species of Procladius Skuse are recorded from Lake Winnipeg of which 5 belong to the most common species in the lake. The immature stages of P. (Psilotanypus) bellus (Loew), P. (Holotanypus) culiciformis (L.), P. (H.) denticulatus Sublette, P. (H.) freemani Sublette, and P. (H.) sublettei Roback are redescribed. Species keys are given to sufficiently known Nearctic females, to pupae of Lake Winnipeg, and to Nearctic larvae of Procladius. The distribution of Procladius in Lake Winnipeg is mapped and discussed. The separation of larval instars is shown approximately to follow Dyar’s rule.

Download Full-text

Distribution and relative abundance of the economically important click beetles (Elateridae: Agriotes sp.) in Hungary

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/39/2738 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Antal Nagy ◽

István Dávid ◽

István Szarukán

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Common Species ◽

Pheromone Traps ◽

Additional Species ◽

Click Beetles ◽

Click Beetle ◽

Significant Damage

Click beetle (Elateridae: Agriotes sp.) species of 24 sites in different regions of Hungary were studied in 2010. A. brevis, A. sputator, A. obscurus, A. lineatus, A. rufipalpis and A. ustulatus were sampled by pheromone traps in maize fields. During the study more than 80000 beetles were caught. The three most common species were A. ustulatus, A. sputator and A. rufipalpis. The distribution of the studied species was uneven. In south Hungary A. ustulatus, A, rufipalpis and A. sputator were the three most abundant species. In the Transdanubia A. sputator was the most abundant. A. ustulatus reached higher abundance in only three sites (3/12). A. obscurus occurred only in west Hungary (Transdanubia). In eastern Hungary the abundance of studied species was higher. In this reason we have to monitor the populations of these pests and if it is necessary we have to take actions against them. In Transdanubia the abundance were generally lower but in many cases reached the threshold of significant damage. Beyond that 13 additional species were sampled so the total number of sampled species was 19.

Download Full-text

Ecological Distribution of Protosteloid Amoebae in New Zealand

10.7287/peerj.preprints.136v1 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Geoffrey Zahn ◽

Stephen L. Stevenson ◽

Frederick W. Spiegel

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

New Zealand ◽

General Pattern ◽

Common Species ◽

Ecological Distribution ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Wide Range ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Study Sites

During the period of March 2004 to December 2007, samples of aerial litter (dead but still attached plant parts) and ground litter were collected from study sites representing a wide range of latitudes (34° S to 50° S) and a variety of different types of habitats throughout New Zealand (including Stewart Island and the Auckland Islands). The objective was to survey the assemblages of protosteloid amoebae present in this region of the world. Twenty-nine described species of protosteloid amoebae were recorded, along with the heterolobesean acrasid, Acrasis rosea. Of the species recovered, Protostelium mycophaga was by far the most abundant and was found in more than half of all samples. Most species were found in fewer than 10% of the samples collected. Seven abundant or common species were found to display significant preferences for aerial litter or ground litter microhabitats. There was some evidence of a general pattern of a decrease in species richness and diversity with increasing latitude and precipitation and elevation.

Download Full-text

Reproductive phenology of Miconia mirabilis (Melastomataceae) within three distinct physiognomies of Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032012000200006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michaele de Souza Pessoa ◽

Kristel Myriam De Vleeschouwer ◽

Daniela Custódio Talora ◽

Larissa Rocha ◽

André Márcio Araújo Amorim

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Food Resource ◽

Common Species ◽

Day Length ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Local Fauna ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Disturbed Forest ◽

Study Sites

Although Miconia mirabilis is a very common species in disturbed forest areas and is known for providing food resources for the local fauna, little is known about its reproductive phenology and other ecological aspects. The present study compares intra- and inter-annual patterns in the reproductive phenophases of that species in three distinct physiognomies of Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Bahia based on semi-quantitative observations conducted over a period of three years. We searched for possiblerelationships with climatic variables, differences among sites and synchrony. Both the flowering and fruiting strategies of M. mirabilis were classified as annual extended in all three study sites. We found no significant differences among years. Despite low seasonality of the regional climate, intensities of the different phenophases were negatively correlated with day length and temperature. In general, inter- and intra-population synchrony for flowering and fruiting was high (between 0.65 and 0.78), except for inundated forest, probably due to the stress caused by flooding. Given that Miconia mirabilis has the potential to be an important food resource for the local fauna due to the large quantities of flowers and fruits produced and their almost year-round availability, and its capacity for occupying impoverished areas, the species may be considered in restoration programs as a potentially interesting species capable of attracting frugivores to disturbed areas.

Download Full-text

Screening Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Southern California Lentic Habitats

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.5296/emsd.v4i2.8036 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tracey Magrann ◽

Howard Meredith D. A. ◽

Sutula Martha ◽

Boskovic Danilo S. ◽

Hayes William K. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Southern California ◽

Coastal Lagoons ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Water Bodies ◽

World Health ◽

Depressional Wetlands ◽

Physiochemical Parameters ◽

Study Sites

Harmful bloom-forming cyanobacteria (CyanoHABs) and associated toxins are increasingly prevalent world-wide. We conducted a screening-level study to determine if cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins were present in Southern California coastal lakes, ponds, and seasonally tidal lagoons. We evaluated waterbody nutrient status and physiochemical parameters, land use, waterbody type, and habitat type, to determine their utility as screening factors for risk of CyanoHAB blooms. One-time grab samples were collected from 30 sites during July–September 2009. Samples were analyzed for phytoplankton taxonomic composition, nutrients, other physiochemical parameters, and three cyanotoxins: microcystins (MCY), anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin. Cyanobacteria was the predominant taxonomic group in most water bodies in this study, and Microcystis spp. was the predominant genus in 96% of the study sites. Cyanobacteria were equally prevalent among coastal lagoons, depressional wetlands, and lakes in this study. We detected MCY in high concentrations in 10% of our sites, but neither anatoxin-a nor cylindrospermopsin were detected. All of the MCY-positive sites exceeded California action levels for recreational use and World Health Organization (WHO) guidance for human health effects. The prevalence of Microcystis spp. from all study sites indicates a high potential for MCY in these water bodies, although the one-time toxin grab samples likely underestimated the overall toxicity of these sites. Landscape variables, such as developed land use and dominant habitat type, were not found to be predictive indicators of cyanobacterial dominance. However, because cyanobacteria become consistently dominant when chlorophyll-a levels exceed 15 µg L-1, chlorophyll-a can serve as a significant predictor of MCY.

Download Full-text