scholarly journals DIVIDEND POLICY OF RUSSIAN JOINT-STOCK COMPANY AS A FACTOR FORMING SHARE CAPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (185) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
A.M. Mikhailov ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwo Jarosz

In recent years we have witnessed an almost unprecedented effort of legislators and legal academics in Europe to make limited liability companies in various jurisdictions more modern, simpler and more accessible. These endeavors are usually related to the liberalization of statutory requirements regarding the minimum share capital amounts. Lively debates among academics and practitioners, as well as regulatory competition, seem to be the factors making the legislative changes dynamic and evolutionary. The issue of limited liability companies’ regulatory reform were also the subject of proposed European legislation, including the now abandoned proposal of a harmonised single-member limited liability company model known as Societas Unius Personae SUP. In Poland there has also been, for  almost a decade, a discussion on whether and how to follow the example of Germany and its Unternehmergesellschaft and other European countries and liberalize the capital requirements for the Polish limited liability company. Lately the Polish legislator has introduced the so-called simple joint-stock company prosta spółka akcyjna, which had been drafted to be an attractive offer for start-ups, aiming, in the perception of its proponents, to achieve the modernization and simplification desired by contemporary legislators and supposedly accomplished in other jurisdictions, all the while maintaining serious levels of creditor protection. The author employs formal-dogmatic and comparative methods to describe the capital structure of the new company type and to confront it with certain other statutory developments, especially the Societas Unius Personae as a serious and well-thought-out, nonetheless failed venture, to try to assess the solutions set forth by the Polish legislator.Kapitał zakładowy prostej spółki akcyjnej w świetle dotychczasowych przepisów i projektów prawodawstwa europejskiegoW ostatnich latach europejscy ustawodawcy i przedstawiciele nauki prawa podejmowali nieomalże bezprecedensowe wysiłki w kierunku modernizacji, uproszczenia i zwiększenia dostępności spółek z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością. Działania te zazwyczaj zmierzały do liberalizacji ustawowych wymogów dotyczących minimalnych kwot kapitału zakładowego. Czynnikami dynamizującymi zmiany legislacyjne wydają się żywe dyskusje w środowisku akademickim oraz na łonie praktyki, a także konkurencja regulacyjna. Kwestie reformy spółek z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością były również przedmiotem projektów prawodawstwa europejskiego, w tym projektu dyrektywy w sprawie zharmonizowanego modelu spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością jednoosobowej znanego jako Societas Unius Personae SUP. Także w Polsce od prawie dekady toczy się dyskusja w przedmiocie zmian dotyczących spółek z o.o., w szczególności tego, czy polskie ustawodawstwo powinno podążyć za przykładem Niemiec i znanej z niemieckiego porządku prawnego Unternehmergesellschaft oraz innych krajów europejskich i zliberalizować wymogi kapitałowe dla tego typu spółek. Sejm przegłosował niedawno ustawę wprowadzającą tak zwaną prostą spółkę akcyjną. Ten nowy typ spółki ma w założeniu stanowić atrakcyjną propozycję dla start-upów, prowadząc — zdaniem jej zwolenników — do modernizacji i uproszczenia pożądanego przez współczesnych prawodawców przy jednoczesnym utrzymaniu stosownego poziomu ochrony wierzycieli. Autor próbuje ocenić rozwiązania zaproponowane przez polskiego ustawodawcę w zakresie struktury kapitałowej nowego typu spółki, konfrontując je z innymi rozwiązaniami, w tym w szczególności z projektem Societas Unius Personae — przedsięwzięciem ostatecznie nieudanym, choć przemyślanym i zasługującym na uwagę.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii Tararuiev ◽  

The paper is concerning the problems of forming a dividend policy of joint-stock companies. Also established that the lack of dividend policy leads to a decrease in business reputation and investment attractiveness of joint-stock companies, which negatively affects to the development of that ones. The comparing of variants to define conception of dividend policy of joint-stock company is presented in the paper. As a result, dividend policy of joint-stock company is defined in the paper as a complex of approaches to optimize the size of dividends for various shareholders' groups in order to comply with their property interests, taking into account the financial capabilities and priority objectives of a joint-stock company. Also, the main approaches and basic types of dividend policy realizing is analyzed in the paper with advantages and disadvantages of their practical application. The main alternatives concerning dividend policy are determined in the paper: the growth of investments and accelerated enterprise development with deterioration of the reputation among minority shareholders, or limiting investments with increasing dividends, which leads to improving the reputation and increasing the value of company. In addition, the methodical recommendations for improving the dividend policy of joint-stock companies are substantiated with the improving of current methods of calculating the value of dividends. It is established that the most optimal is dividend policy, which takes into account the relation between financial results and dividend payments of joint-stock company. Particular attention is paid to the substantiation of methods for calculating the value of dividends and allowances, the factor of payment and the and rate of dividends growth. The practical application of the results is important in the case of choosing an aggressive approach to realize dividend policy of joint-stock companies. Thus, the successful application of the recommendations described in the article will provide a gradual increase in business reputation and investment attractiveness of joint-stock companies.


Author(s):  
Maksymilian Saczywko

The paper focuses on resolutions adopted by the management board and the supervisory board of a joint-stock company to increase the share capital of a public limited company within its authorised capital. The author outlines the origin and nature of the authorised capital, the content and form of the abovementioned resolutions, their legal nature and different types of possible defects in them. Challenging defective resolutions is particularly important in practice. That matter is not regulated explicitly in Polish law. The possible solutions available under Italian and Spanish regulations that are presented indicate that the challenging of defective resolutions of the management board and the supervisory board in capital commercial companies, particularly those adopted in connection with authorised capital, should also be regulated in Poland.


Author(s):  
A. V. Korotcenkova ◽  
T. A. Martynova

The article deals with the concept of dividend policy and the basic theories of dividend policy that have developed during the existence of joint-stock companies as an organizational and legal form. The main types of dividend policy are also defined. Despite the broad theoretical basis, in the conditions of Russian business dividend policy is not considered as an effective tool in the management of the capital of the organization. In practice, when choosing a dividend policy, insufficient attention is paid to its features disclosed in dividend policy studies. In this regard, the need to develop a unified approach to assessing the effectiveness of the dividend policy of commercial organizations is identified. In this regard, a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the dividend policy of the organization, which includes three stages, is proposed. At the first stage, the type of dividend policy is determined. At the second stage, the effectiveness of the dividend policy of the organization is evaluated, the results of which reveal its shortcomings, a decision is made on the need to adjust the dividend policy. At the third stage, the optimal amount of dividend payments is determined. The methodology was tested on the example of JSC «Kubanenergo». Based on the results of the evaluation, it was proposed to change the type of dividend policy taking into account the interests of the organization and shareholders.


2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Paweł Marcin Zdanikowski

This article presents a new Polish regulation concerning the simple joint-stock company (Polish: prosta spółka akcyjna; SJSC). It is a legal form of commercial company, dedicated mostly (but not exclusively) to new-technology entities. Its main advantage is the possibility to subscribe shares in exchange for a contribution in the form of work or services provided to the company. This will make it possible for SJSC promoters to attract investors in order to run the enterprise, while maintaining control over the company and excluding personal liability for its obligations. Another characteristic is that the SJSC has no share capital. Even so, the degree of actual protection of company's creditors does not seem lower than that provided by companies supplied with a share capital. This is because the creditors’ interests are secured not only by the obligation to conduct the solvency test before paying out funds to a shareholder, but also by restrictive rules of responsibility of management board members for company's liabilities if the enforcement carried out against the company proves ineffective.


2003 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Medvedeva ◽  
A. Timofeev

The article analyzes legal aspects of institutes of corporate governance. Different draft laws "On Joint-Stock Companies" are considered which reflected interests of separate groups of participants of market relations. Stages of property redistribution are outlined. The advantages of the model of the open joint-stock company are formulated. Special attention is paid to the demand for legal institutes of corporate governance as well as to the process of accepting the Federal Law "On Entering Amendments to the Federal Law "On Joint-Stock Companies"" which was enacted in 2002. The article contains proposals directed at improvement of corporate legislation.


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