scholarly journals CRITICAL STUDY OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN THE LIGHT OF AYURVED PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2815-2822
Author(s):  
Welde Amruta ◽  
Pawar Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Exact Correlation

There is no exact correlation between the Thyroid gland and Hypothyroidism in Ayurveda. But the function of the Thyroid gland can be compared with the action of Agni, Tridosha and Dhatus. However, the symptoms of Hypo- thyroidism are correlated with the symptoms of Ama, Ojovyapat, Kaphavritta Udana. If we find the type of dis- ease, then all endocrine disorders are Adhyatmik Vyadhi which is described in Sushrut Samhita. Causative factors of Adhyatmik Vyadhi are perfectly matched with Hypothyroidism in the present era. Ayurveda is one of the oldest and purest forms of treatment available today. Ayurveda always emphasizes that, if you won't find the disease in Samhita/Text, then fit all the symptoms of that disease in its basic principles and then treat it as per Ayurvedic perspective. Now a days, different types of symptoms are seen in different types of people, as Hypothyroidism involves impairment of various systems i.e., strotas. Due to the advancement of technology and instrumentation, it is easier to diagnose Hypothyroidism based on a pathological investigation. But modern management of Hypo- thyroidism is not satisfactory. That's why for safe, effective, and preventive management, find the pathogenesis of disorders according to the Ayurvedic perspective. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Agni, Tridosha, Dhatu, Ama, Ojovyapat, Kaphavritta Udana.

scholarly journals ID Learning Unit: Understanding and Interpreting Testing for Clostridium difficile

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Solomon ◽  
Danny A. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Understanding and interpreting the molecular tests for Clostridium difficile is challenging because there are several different types of assays and most laboratories combine multiple tests in order to assess for presence of disease. This learning unit demonstrates the basic principles of each test along with its strengths and weaknesses, and illustrates how the tests are used in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Deep foundations of happiness. Principal fundamentals of different types of understanding happiness

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
L. Samarska ◽  
◽  
N.M. Sas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Deep Foundations ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

The choice of the article’s topic is conditioned by the necessity to develop happiness management (such as knowledge management, time management, etc.). With considerable attention to the definition of “happiness”, the analysis of recent publications reveals that it is crucial to understand the deep foundations of happiness, create a typology, reveal the basic principles of different types of understanding of happiness, which was chosen as the topic research. Theoretical approaches to the definition of “happiness” are chosen sociology of imagination of G. Durand, the theory of archetypes of C. Jung, and the theory of images and dreams of G. Bachelard. In the context of this system of views, the idea of happiness is the result of a free play of the imagination, which, while being on the path from past to future, is transformed, revealed, comes accurate as a result of previous collective and individual intermediate ideas, and is enriched and concretised by individual people, social groups, individuals. The mythos of happiness across nations and people differs in the way, method, and tools of individuation, the discovery of the Self. The anthropological tract of happiness has an end to its existence. It is determined by the cessation of existence, the life of nations and individuals. The desire to experience pleasure (according to Freud), the desire to rise (according to Durand) are reflexive, which determines the physiological basis of happiness. Representations of happiness determine priorities, coordinate the direction of thinking, actions, reactions to external circumstances, and choose ways to achieve happiness. This is done through the transcendental function (according to Jung) – a psychological function that arises from the connection of the content of the unconscious with the content of consciousness. Achieving happiness allows one to strengthen the subjectivity and reveal their uniqueness, which allows them to identify typological features (archetypes) of behavioural reactions of people based on individual and group ideas about happiness. The authors reveal the basic foundations of such archetypes of happiness as hedonism, eudemonia, “rat racing”, nihilism, subjective well-being.

scholarly journals Key Navigation-Ballistic Technologies for Improving the Efficiency of Spacecraft Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
А. E. Tyulin ◽  
◽  
V. V. Betanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles ◽  
Spacecraft Control ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Technological Cycle ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Processing Algorithms

The article focuses on the issues of creating promising space technologies, their general characteristics, and special features. The basic principles for creating and implementing key navigation-ballistic technologies, which help ensure efficient control of spacecraft, are substantiated. A classification of the technologies is proposed based on the characteristics most often used in the area under consideration. Two bar charts of a typical technological cycle of navigation-ballistic support with the possibility of processing a joint sample of measurements of current navigation parameters and recurrent Kalman processing algorithms are analyzed. A variant of a general classification of technologies that allows singling out and correlating different types and classes of technologies is given. This contributes (especially at the early stages) to the improvement of the efficiency of their development.

scholarly journals Researched the wear resistance of hardened plowshares by electroarc and spot welding

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
M. Vаsylenko ◽  
D. Buslаiev ◽  
O. Kаlinin ◽  
Yu. Kononogov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Data Field ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analytical Processing

Purpose. The researched of the wear resistance of hardened plowshares by electroarc and abrasion-resistant electrodes, when they are used in soils of different types. Methods. Conducting and planning an experiment, mathematical statistics and analytical processing of experimental data, field tests of experimental plowshares using the basic principles of the theory of friction and abrasive wear. Results. The characteristic defects of shares operating in different types of soils are determined. According to the proposed hardening technology, the wear rate of experimental shares is reduced. Conclusions 1.It has been established that the nature of the parts of tillage machines wear is significantly different when operating on various types of soils. 2.It was found that the wear rate of hardened plowshares for sandy soils is 1.2–1.6 times less than that of serial parts; hardened plowshares for clay soils also have a wear rate of 1.2–1.3 times less than serial ones. Keywords: exploitation, hardfacing, plowshares, soils of different types, wear, wear resistance.

Thyroiditis in Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Laura K. Bachrach ◽  
Thomas P. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Asymptomatic Child ◽  
Hormone Production

Thyroiditis ranks with diabetes as the most common of the endocrine disorders of childhood. The term encompasses all forms of thyroid gland inflammation and infection, although chronic lymphocytic thynoiditis is overwhelmingly the most frequent. Thyroiditis may appear as a mass in the neck of an asymptomatic child or it may be a painful, erythematous goiter in a sick child. The affected thyroid gland may be small on large, with varying degrees of dysfunction. Most commonly, thyroiditis causes euthyroid function, although the disease process can result in transient or permanent thyroid dysfunction. The causes of thyroiditis in childhood, as well as the less common thyroid disorders in the differential diagnosis of goiter, are listed in Table 1. Thyroid physiology and pathophysiology will be discussed briefly to explain the rationale for diagnostic studies and treatment strategies. The more recent diagnostic techniques and therapeutic controversies regarding thyroiditis will be included. The goal is to provide the clinician with renewed awareness of this most common pediatric problem. THYROID PHYSIOLOGY Thyroid hormone production is regulated by a classical negative feedback system (Fig 1). Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary. TSH, in turn, stimulates production and release of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

The Thyroid Gland: Recurring Problems in Histologic and Cytologic Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-632
Author(s):  
William C. Faquin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Common Malignancy

Abstract Nodules of the thyroid gland are frequently encountered, occurring in up to 7% of the population, and although most of these nodules are benign, carcinomas of the thyroid gland are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Although the different types of thyroid carcinoma are few, a wide variety of recurring problems exists in both their histologic and cytologic evaluation. Here, I will review a selected group of problematic areas, including unusual histologic variants of follicular adenoma, criteria for diagnosing minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, the use of fine-needle aspiration as a screening test for follicular neoplasia, challenging variants of papillary carcinoma, and features of poorly differentiated carcinoma.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of blebbing and phagocytosis of blebs by hyperplastic thyroid epithelial cells in vivo.

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Zeligs ◽  
S H Wollman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Contractile Ring ◽  
Phagocytic Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rat Thyroid

In addition to pseudopods, somewhat pleomorphic blebs were consistently found protruding from the apical surfaces of hyperplastic rat thyroid epithelial cells into the follicular lumens in vivo. Many blebs were knobby, roughly hemispherical protrusions, with a diameter of 2-3 mum. Such blebs had a densely packed microfilamentous core and contained numerous apparent ribosomes. They were morphologically similar to blebs that have been observed in a variety of cultured cells. Other blebs were larger, more elongate, and less knobby, but had a similar ultrastructural organization. Blebs of all sizes appeared to be phagocytosed on some occasions by nearby epithelial cells. The phagocytic process involved partial engulfment of the bleb by a typical epithelial pseudopod, followed by an apparent pinching-off process, presumably resulting in the separation of the bleb from its cells or origin. The pinching-off process was associated with a band of approx. 6-nm diameter microfilaments that developed within the pseudopod cytoplasm surrounding the base of the bleb and is postulated to function as a contractile ring. The finding of blebbing is an intact tissue in vivo indicates that this phenomenon is not restricted to cultured cells, and thus tends to extend the significance of in vitro observations of the process. In relation to their occurrence in the hyperplastic thyroid gland in vivo, possible interconversions are considered between different types of blebs, and between blebs and pseudopods.

scholarly journals Analyzing stereotypes of creating graphical user interfaces

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Bačíková ◽  
Jaroslav Porubän
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Graphical User Interfaces ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Goal ◽  
Domain Information

AbstractA graphical user interface (GUI, UI) is an important part of an application, with which users interact directly. It should be implemented in the best way with respect to understandability. If a user does not understand the terms in the UI, he or she cannot work with it; then the whole system is worthless. In order to serve well the UI should contain domain-specific terms and describe domain-specific processes. It is the primary source for domain analysis right after domain users and experts. Our general goal is to propose a method for an automatic domain analysis of user interfaces. First, however, the basic principles and stereotypes must be defined that are used when creating user interfaces and rules must be derived for creating an information extracting algorithm. In this paper these stereotypes are listed and analyzed and a set of rules for extracting domain information is created. A taxonomy of UIs and a taxonomy of components based on their domain-specific information is also proposed. Our DEAL method for extracting this information is outlined and a prototype of DEAL is presented. Also our goals for the future are listed: expanding the prototype for different components and different types of UIs.

scholarly journals THE INTERACTION OF FLOODS WITH TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ivan Vaníček ◽  
Jiří Vaníček
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Current demands on transport infrastructure are very often associated with the terms of “sustainability, availability and affordability”. The first term directly refers to the basic principles of sustainable construction in transport infrastructure, primarily motorway and railways, and how they are related to a very significant consumption of land, energy and natural aggregates. This paper is focused on the other two terms, availability and affordability. These principles are intended to guarantee proper functioning of communication even in nonstandard situations such as natural hazards, most typically floods. To avoid a total collapse of transport infrastructure, the term robustness is often applied, recognizing that this term is not a substitute for another outcome – namely a more expensive structure. The paper shows the possibilities for elimination of the negative impact of floods on transport infrastructure as they relate to different types of interaction and different types of floods.

scholarly journals TEACHING GEOMATICS FOR GEOHAZARD MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE COVID-19 TIME

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-3/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
M. Scaioni ◽  
L. Longoni ◽  
L. Zanzi ◽  
V. Ivanov ◽  
M. Papini
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year

Abstract. Starting from the Academic Year 2018–2019, Politecnico di Milano university has established a BSc programme on “Civil Engineering for Risk Mitigation” (ICMR). This course is aimed at training students to cope with issues related to different types of natural and anthropogenic hazards, among which Geohazards are paid a primary attention. A “Workshop on Monitoring Techniques for Geohazards” is included to present different Geological, Geophysical and Geodetic techniques to be applied to landslides within an integrated approach. The use of active and problem-based learning techniques was one of the basic principles in the design of ICMR programme. This resulted in planning some visits and field campaigns to allow students to directly work on real case studies. The course has been scheduled for the first time in the second term of A.Y. 2019–2020, when the COVID-19 pandemics developed and prevented the lab activities in the field to be implemented as planned. The paper presents how the content and the organization of the course have been revised to try to reach the same learning objectives notwithstanding the limitations on the activities “in presence”.

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