scholarly journals Whether Households are Willing to Pay for Clean Water Supply in Sialkot, Pakistan? An Elucidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Hassam Shahid ◽  
◽  
Dr.Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Dr.Wasim ul Rehman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

Waterborne diseases due to contaminated water remain a severe problem in most of the developing world. The situation is serious in Sialkot the district of Punjab where groundwater is contaminated due to effluents' improper disposal. The current study is designed to find the determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) by households for clean drinking water supply in the affected area. A contingent valuation survey approach and a stratified random sampling technique have been applied. A double bounded dichotomous choice question followed by an open-ended question format has been used to elicit WTP and maximum willingness of the respondents for clean drinking water supply. Logit and Multiple Linear Regression Model is used as an econometric tool to analyze the data. The results reveal that as the income of the respondent increases, the WTP for the clean water supply also increases. While multiple regression reveals a monthly mean WTP of Rs. 234.54 which is greatly affected by age, household income, education, and environmental awareness i.e. respondents with higher household income and a higher level of education are willing to pay more for a clean water supply. Residents who are living closer to the tanneries are more affected and their WTP is higher.

scholarly journals Preparing for Disasters: Your food and drinking water supply

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy H. Simonne
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

Having enough clean drinking water is a top priority during any emergency! A normally active person needs atleast two quarts of water each day. However, needs vary depending on the weather and an individual’s age andhealth status. When clean water is not available, we need to purify all water before using it for drinking, preparingfood, or personal hygiene. Many methods for purifying water are available, but none (by itself) is perfect. Often,a combination of more than one methods works best. This document is FCS9195, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611. First published: May 2003.

scholarly journals Possible health impacts due to animal and human fecal pollution in water intended for drinking water supply of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Kayo Bianco ◽  
Rodolpho Mattos Albano ◽  
Samara Sant'Anna de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Alves Nascimento ◽  
Thaís dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cycling Condition

Abstract Fecal matter is considered as one of the worst pollutants in waterbodies due to the potential spread of waterborne diseases. This study aimed to determine the host-specific fecal contamination in two Brazilian watersheds and to predict the possible impacts on human health. Fecal sources were enumerated using host-specific genetic markers to swine (16S rRNA), human and bovine (archaeal nifH), and equine (archaeal mcrA). A single cycling condition was established for four markers aiming to decrease the analysis time. Fifteen samples from São João watershed (75%) and 25 from Guandu (62.5%) presenting Escherichia coli enumeration in compliance with Brazilian guidelines (<1,000 MPN/100 mL) showed the human marker. Furthermore, the bovine, swine, and equine markers were present in 92% (59/64), 89% (57/64), and 81% (52/64) of the water samples, respectively. The molecular markers proposed for qPCR in our study were sensitivity and specific enough to detect host-specific fecal pollution in all samples regardless of E. coli levels reaffirming the low correlation among them and supporting their use in water quality monitoring programs. To our knowledge, this is the first study using this approach for quantification of nifH, mcrA, and rrs gene-associated human and animal fecal pollution in waters intended for drinking water supply in Brazil.

Forward to Johannesburg and hydro-solidarity

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
R. Kasrils
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Basin Management ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
National Boundaries

The provision of clean drinking water and adequate sanitation is one of the simplest and most effective steps to eradicating poverty. In South Africa a major programme is underway which will ensure all South Africans have a clean water supply within six years, and access to acceptable sanitation within ten years. Total basin management, transcending national boundaries, is essential to ensure the use of water for the common good of all. The term "hydro-solidarity" illustrates water as a catalyst for co-operation.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Hidrolis Jaringan Distribusi Air Minum Sistem Beber PDAM Tirta Jati Kabupaten Cirebon

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 058-067
Author(s):  
Maharani Anastasya Sukmawardani ◽  
Mohamad Rangga Sururi ◽  
Arief Dhany Sutadian
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

ABSTRACT Water loss is a severe problem in the drinking water supply system as it disrupts the continuity of the drinking water supply. The Water loss is a severe problem in the drinking water supply system as it disrupts the continuity of the drinking water supply. The largest proportion of water losses is usually found in distribution systems. This study was located in the Beber water supply system, PDAM Tirta Jati Cirebon Regency. The study aimed to evaluate the hydraulic condition and give improvement recommendations for the Beber piping network system distribution. This research performed the International Water Association (IWA) water balance concept through water production and water usage data. Furthermore, the hydraulic condition is evaluated using water usage, ground-level elevation, water usage pattern, and the existing distribution network's technical data. The evaluation was conducted by simulation using EPANET 2.0 from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which then compared to the design criteria listed in Permen PUPR No. 27 2016. The results show a 44.38% percentage of water loss due to a pipe leak. Simulation results showed a segment of pipe having velocity less than 0.3 m/s (43.31%), and all nodes had pressure below 12.4 MPa. The simulation results also showed some nodes had pressure greater than 100 mKa and exceeded the HDPE SDR 17 pipe's maximum capacity. This condition causes many pipe leaks that occur in the system, so it is recommended to install a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) and change of pipe diameter. The study also suggests establishing a District Meter Area (DMA) to detect pipe leak points. Keywords: water loss, distribution network, pipe leakage, DMA, EPANET 2.0.   ABSTRAK Kehilangan air merupakan masalah serius dalam Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) karena mengganggu kontinuitas penyediaan air minum. Kehilangan air terbesar biasanya ditemui pada sistem distribusi termasuk pada SPAM Beber milik PDAM Tirta Jati Kabupaten Cirebon. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi hidrolis dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan pada sistem jaringan perpipaan distribusi SPAM Beber. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan konsep neraca air sesuai standar International Water Association (IWA) dengan menggunakan data debit produksi dan pemakaian air. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi hidrolis jaringan menggunakan data pemakaian air, elevasi muka tanah, pola pemakaian air, serta data teknis jaringan distribusi eksisting. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membuat simulasi hidrolis menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 dari Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan kriteria desain yang tercantum dalam Permen PUPR No. 27 Tahun 2016. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan persentase kehilangan air mencapai 44,38% akibat kebocoran pipa. Hasil simulasi hidrolis menunjukkan, terdapat segmen pipa yang memiliki kecepatan aliran kurang dari 0,3 m/detik (43,31%) dan seluruh nodes memiliki sisa tekan dibawah 12,4 MPa. Hasil simulasi juga menunjukkan terdapat nodes yang memiliki sisa tekan sebesar 100 mKa dan melebihi kapasitas maksimum dari pipa HDPE SDR 17. Kondisi ini menjadi salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kebocoran pipa yang terjadi pada sistem, sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan dengan pemasangan PRV dan pergantian diameter pipa. Penataan District Meter Area (DMA) juga dapat dilakukan sebagai solusi untuk mempermudah pendeteksian titik kebocoran pipa. Kata Kunci : kehilangan air, jaringan distribusi, kebocoran pipa, DMA, EPANET 2.0.

scholarly journals Remediation of Arsenic in Water Using Unique Ashed Biomass Material

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Dorris ◽  
Shyam S. Shukla ◽  
Mohammad Musaddaq
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Neem Leaves

The contamination of the world’s water supply due to various contaminants has caused the clean water supply to shrink around the globe. The problem is not only an issue with developing nations; in fact, many developed countries are facing the same turmoil. With the globalization, industrialization and weak enforcement of environmental regulations, waste water is discharged into clean water resources whereby contaminating the water. Out of the long list of contaminants many heavy metals find their way into the clean drinking water supply. The heavy metals arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) as well as many others are also discharged into water resources. There are numerous methods for removal of these heavy metals from water including filtration, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, electro deposition as well as others but most are expensive and or not completely satisfactory. Arsenic and its compounds are often used as pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and various alloys and often find their way into the drinking water supply through various industrial sources. A cost-effective remediation of arsenic in water using readily available material is urgently needed. An ashed waste material consisting primarily of Azadirachta indica (Neem leaves) and Mangifera indica (Mango leaves) has been found effective in removing both arsenic (III) and (V) from water. The utilization of this ashed material achieves the concept of using waste material from one source, used by another and therefore benefiting both. The adsorbent is very effective at pH =7 and ion exchange appears to be the major adsorption mechanisms for binding the metal ions to the plant ash material. The material shows sufficient operation capacity to indicate the possibility of its use in remote rural areas as well as in an urban water treatment facility.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Model for Achieving Universal Safe Drinking Water in the Medium-Sized City of Bangangté (Cameroon)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3177
Author(s):  
Esther Laurentine Nya ◽  
Roger Feumba ◽  
Pierre René Fotsing Kwetché ◽  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Chicgoua Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

Providing everyone with safe drinking water is a moral imperative. Yet, sub-Saharan Africa seems unable to achieve “safe drinking water for all” by 2030. This sad situation calls for a closer examination of the water supply options for both rural and urban populations. Commonly, two main aspects are considered: (1) behavioural responses to available or potential water supply options, and (2) socio-economic acceptability. These aspects determine the feasibility and the affordability of bringing safe drinking water as a basic good and human right to everyone. There is a broad consensus that achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 is mostly a financial issue, especially in low-income settings. This communication challenges this view as water is available everywhere and affordable treatment options are well-known. It considers the decentralized water supply model as a reference or standard approach in low-income settings rather than as an alternative. Here, the medium-sized city of Bangangté in the western region of Cameroon is used to demonstrate that universal safe drinking water will soon be possible. In fact, during the colonial period, the residences of the elite and the main institutions, including the administrative quarter, churches, and hospital, have been supplied with clean water from various local sources. All that is needed is to consider everyone as important or accept safe drinking water as human right. First, we present a historical background on water supply in the colonial period up to 1980. Second, the drinking water supply systems and water demand driven by population growth are discussed. Finally, a hybrid model for the achieving of universal access to clean drinking water, and preconditions for its successful implementation, are presented. Overall, this communication calls for a shift from safe drinking water supply approaches dominated by centralized systems, and presents a transferable hybrid model to achieve universal clean drinking water.

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