scholarly journals An exceedance probability of the influence in the Building Code

Author(s):  
Ф.Ф. Аптикаев

Во всем мире на картах сейсмической опасности приводятся наиболее вероятные значения сейсмических воздействий. В соответствии с допустимым риском эти значения могут быть увеличены. Например, в международных нормах для расчета сейсмостойкости радиационно-опасных объектов наиболее вероятные значения ускорений увеличиваются на величину стандартного отклонения. В отечественных строительных нормах предполагается использование наиболее вероятных значений. Считается, что вследствие различных факторов расчеты воздействий сопровождаются некоторыми погрешностями, вследствие чего оценки воздействий могут быть завышены на 10, 5 и 1% для карт ОСР А, В и С соответственно. Эти оценки были существенно увеличены при округлении оценок интенсивности до целочисленных значений баллов. Однако в пояснительной записке это не было отражено. Поэтому вместо 10, 5 и 1% для карт ОСР А, В и С следуют значения 50, 45 и 41% соответственно. Поскольку баллы нельзя непосредственно использовать в инженерных расчетах, согласно строительным нормам, производится пересчет баллов в ускорения по шкале MSK-64. Однако, еще создатели шкалы MSK-64 b карт ОСР и шкалы MSK-64 указывали, что шкала занижает оценки ускорений примерно в полтора раза. Причина – в шкале MSK-64 приводятся не реальные, а фильтрованные значения. Во время создания этой шкалы основная масса зданий имела не более 5 этажей. Фильтрацией удалялись низкочастотные составляющие, неопасные для существующих зданий. Цель работы – оценить реальную вероятность превышения уровня воздействий при расчетах сейсмостойкости зданий и сооружений. Методы исследования – анализ процедур оценки расчетных воздействий с использованием карт ОСР и строительных норм. Результаты работы – показано, что нормативный уровень ускорений при расчетах сейсмостойкости более, чем в два раза ниже реальных значений All over the world, the most probable values of seismic impacts are shown on seismic hazard maps. According to the acceptable risk, these values can be increased. In domestic building codes, it is customary to use the most likely values. It is believed that due to various factors, the impact calculations are accompanied by some errors, as a result of which the impact estimates may be overstated by 10, 5 and 1% for the general SRF maps A, B and C, respectively. However, these estimates were significantly increased when rounding the intensity estimates to integer values of the scores. However, this was not reflected in the explanatory note. Since the points cannot be directly used in engineering calculations, according to the building codes, the points are converted into accelerations on the MSK-64 scale. However, even the creators of the OSR maps and the MSK-64 scale indicated that the scale underestimates the acceleration estimates by about one and a half times. The Aim of the workis to assess the real probability of exceeding the impact level when calculating the seismic resistance of buildings and structures. Research methods - analysis of procedures for assessing calculated impacts using SRF maps and building codes. Results of the work - it is shown that the standard level of accelerations in the calculations of seismic resistance is more than twice lower than the real values.

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tan ◽  
H. P. Hong

Tornado hazard assessment is often based on the consideration that the spatial distribution of tornado occurrence is homogeneous in a region. Although this assumption simplifies the analysis, it could overestimate and underestimate tornado hazard for regions with lower and higher tornadic activity if an average rate of tornado occurrence is employed. The degree of overestimation and underestimation is unknown. This study is focused on the assessment of the impact of spatial inhomogeneity of tornado occurrence on the estimated tornado hazard and the development of tornado hazard maps for southern Ontario. The results indicate that at the factored design wind speed the exceedance probability for tornadic winds is much smaller than that for synoptic winds, even if the spatial inhomogeneity of tornado occurrence is considered. Furthermore, the results show that the spatial inhomogeneity of tornado occurrence has significant impact on the spatial tornado hazard level, that the return period values of tornado wind speed vary significantly over the considered region, and that the inhomogeneity must be considered in developing probabilistic quantitative tornado hazard maps.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2647-2663
Author(s):  
Punit K. Bhola ◽  
Jorge Leandro ◽  
Markus Disse

Abstract. In operational flood risk management, a single best model is used to assess the impact of flooding, which might misrepresent uncertainties in the modelling process. We have used quantified uncertainties in flood forecasting to generate flood hazard maps that were combined based on different exceedance probability scenarios. The purpose is to differentiate the impacts of flooding depending on the building use, enabling, therefore, more flexibility for stakeholders' variable risk perception profiles. The aim of the study is thus to develop a novel methodology that uses a multi-model combination of flood forecasting models to generate flood hazard maps with differentiated exceedance probability. These maps take into account uncertainties stemming from the rainfall–runoff generation process and could be used by decision makers for a variety of purposes in which the building use plays a significant role, e.g. flood impact assessment, spatial planning, early warning and emergency planning.


Author(s):  
Punit Kumar Bhola ◽  
Jorge Leandro ◽  
Markus Disse

Abstract. In operational flood risk management, a single best-model is used to assess the impact of flooding, which might misrepresent uncertainties in the modelling process. We have used quantified uncertainties in flood forecasting to generate flood hazards maps that were combined based on exceedance probability scenarios. The purpose is to differentiate the impact of flooding depending on the building use. The aim of the study is thus to develop a novel methodology that uses a multi-model combination of flood forecasting models to generate flood hazard maps with differentiated exceedance probability. These maps take into account uncertainties steaming from the rainfall-runoff generation process and could be used by decision-makers for a variety of purposes in which the building use plays a significant role, e.g. flood impact assessment, spatial planning, early warning and emergency planning.


Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Ballatore ◽  
Ettore Felisatti ◽  
Laura Montanaro ◽  
Anita Tabacco

This paper is aimed to describe and critically analyze the so-called "TEACHPOT" experience (POT: Provide Opportunities in Teaching) performed during the last few years at Politecnico di Torino. Due to career criteria, the effort and the time lecturers spend in teaching have currently undergone a significant reduction in quantity. In order to support and meet each lecturers' expectations towards an improvement in their ability to teach, a mix of training opportunities has been provided. This consists of an extremely wide variety of experiences, tools, relationships, from which everyone can feel inspired to increase the effectiveness of their teaching and the participation of their students. The provided activities are designed around three main components: methodological training, teaching technologies, methodological experiences. A discussion on the findings is included and presented basing on the data collected through a survey. The impact of the overall experience can be evaluated on two different levels: the real effect on redesigning lessons, and the discussion on the matter within the entire academic community.


CFA Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Brendan F. O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
T. I. Minina ◽  
V. V. Skalkin

Russia’s entry into the top five economies of the world depends, among other things, on the development of the financial sector, being a necessary condition for the economic growth of a developed macroeconomic and macro-financial system. The financial sector represents a system of relationships for the effective collection and distribution of economic resources, their deployment according to public demand, reducing the risk of overproduction and overheating of the economy.Therefore, the subject of the research is the financial sector of the Russian economy.The purpose of the research was to formulate an approach to alleviating the risks of increasing financial costs in the real sector of the economy by reducing the impact of endogenous risks expressed as financial asset “bubbles” using the experience of developed countries in the monetary policy.The paper analyzes a macroeconomic model applied to the financial sector. It is established that the economic growth is determined by the growth and, more important, the qualitative development of the financial sector, which leads to two phenomena: overproduction in the real sector and an increase in asset prices in the financial sector, with a debt load in both the real and financial sectors. This results in decreasing the interest rate of the mega-regulator to near-zero values. In this case, since the mechanisms of the conventional monetary policy do not work, the unconventional monetary policy is used when the mega-regulator buys out derivative financial instruments from systemically important institutions. As a conclusion, given deflationally low rates, it is proposed that the megaregulator should issue its own derivative financial instruments and place them in the financial market.


Author(s):  
Dr. Jianfei Yang

COVID-19 has made a bad influence on economic and society including cultural and tourism industry in China,2020.The industry has received a huge loss in the first quarter of the year and the situation is getting worse in the near future. It is believed that there will be a long impact for the country even the world. In order to recover the industry, Chinese government has published series of policies to support the enterprises and clusters to reduce the bad influence of COVID-19. This paper mainly uses filed survey and documentary research to map the real situation of the industry. It tries to find the policy demand of the industries and then analyze the policies published by government to conquer COVID-19. Meanwhile it will focus on whether the supply meet the demand and give suggestions on how to promote the policy efficiency in the post period of COVID-19 in China. Keywords: Evaluation; Cultural Industries; Policy; Park; Pandemic


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