scholarly journals Investigating the Emotional Theory of Mind in Iranian Married Women: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Rahmati ◽  
Maryam Poormirzaei ◽  
Masoud Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Colaizzi's Method ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Emotion Type

In marital relationships, the type of perception of the spouse’s behavior affects how the social information and behavior of the other couple is processed, leading to psychological consequences. Thus, a higher perception of each other’s mental state is followed by sincerity and more satisfaction with the relations. The present study was performed by using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach with the aim of investigating emotional theory of mind in 19 married Iranian women who were selected by purposive sampling in 2017. In order to coding data, MAXQDA 2018 software and the Colaizzi’s method were used for coding and analyzing the data, respectively. Finally, about three concepts including the emotion type, emotion expression and emotion regulation were extracted from the interviews. Results showed in emotion type, women remarked positive emotions of satisfaction and gratitude and negative emotions of sorrow and sadness only about themselves. Although emotion expression was possible through three ways but in women's view point, men did not react to positive emotion non-verbally. In the third category, coping with negative emotions in the form of going into retreat was raised merely about men and emotion discharge and forgetfulness merely about women. The findings of the present study, a qualitative examination of emotions of the two genders from the viewpoint of women, is to a great extent in line with previous self-report and quantitative studies; they can be applied for Iran and other countries with similar culture and structure.

scholarly journals Positive Emotions Boost Enthusiastic Responsiveness to Capitalization Attempts. Dissecting Self-Report, Physiology, and Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz D. Kaczmarek ◽  
Todd B. Kashdan ◽  
Maciej Behnke ◽  
Martyna Dziekan ◽  
Ewelina Matuła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

AbstractWhen individuals communicate enthusiasm for good events in their partners' lives, they contribute to a high-quality relationship; a phenomenon termed interpersonal capitalization. However, little is known when individuals are more ready to react enthusiastically to the partner's success. To address this gap, we examined whether positive and negative emotions boost or inhibit enthusiastic responses to partner's capitalization attempts (RCA). Participants (N = 224 individuals) responded to their partner's success. Before each capitalization attempt (operationalized as responses following the news that their partner won money in a game), we used video clips to elicit positive (primarily amusement) or negative (primarily anger) or neutral emotions in the responder. We recorded emotional valence, smiling intensity, verbal RCA, and physiological reactivity. We found indirect (but not direct) effects such that eliciting positive emotions boosted and negative emotions inhibited enthusiastic RCA (smiling intensity and enthusiastic verbal RCA). These effects were relatively small and mediated by emotional valence and smiling intensity but not physiological reactivity. The results offer novel evidence that positive emotions fuel the capitalization process.

scholarly journals The effects of constructive television news reporting on prosocial intentions and behavior in children: The role of negative emotions and self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris van Venrooij ◽  
Tobias Sachs ◽  
Mariska Kleemans
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Television News ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
News Story ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
News Video ◽  
Prosocial Intentions ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract To reduce negative emotional responses and to stimulate prosociality, constructive journalism promotes the inclusion of positive emotions and solutions in news. This study experimentally tested whether including those elements indeed increased prosocial intentions and behavior among children, and whether negative emotions and self-efficacy are mediators in this regard. To this end, children (N = 468; 9 to 13 years old) were exposed to an emotion-based, solution-based, or non-constructive news video. Results showed that emotion-based and solution-based news reduced children’s negative emotions compared to non-constructive news. No direct effects for prosocial intentions were found, but solution-based news led to less prosocial behavior (i. e., money donated) than emotion-based and non-constructive news. Moreover, negative emotions served as a mediator, self-efficacy did not. The more negative emotions were elicited by a news story, the higher the prosocial intentions and behavior. In conclusion, a constructive style of reporting helps to reduce children’s negative emotional responses but subsequently hinders prosociality.

Over de rol van positieve en negatieve emoties bij het welbevinden van managers: Een studie met de Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmar Schaufeli ◽  
Willem van Rhenen
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

About the role of positive and negative emotions in managers' well-being: A study using the Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS) About the role of positive and negative emotions in managers' well-being: A study using the Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS) W. Schaufeli & W. van Rhenen, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 19, November 2006, nr. 4, pp. 323-344 Generally speaking, emotions are classified using two dimensions: arousal and pleasure. The Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS), a self-report questionnaire that is used to assess emotions at work, also uses these two dimensions. The current study among 815 managers has two aims. The first aim is to introduce and validate the Dutch version of the JAWS. It appears that the original 30-item version of the JAWS can be reduced to 12 items, without significant loss of information. Furthermore, the predictive validity of the JAWS is illustrated by the fact that positive emotions are negatively related to duration and frequency of future absenteeism of managers. Secondly, a model that assumes that positive and negative emotions play a different role in manager's well-being is successfully tested. Negative emotions play a key role in a stress process that may lead to burnout and health complaints, whereas positive emotions play a key role in a motivational process that may lead to employee engagement and positive attitudes towards the organization.

scholarly journals ‘A roller coaster of emotions’: a phenomenological study on medical students lived experiences of emotions in complex simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia C. Behrens ◽  
Erik W. Driessen ◽  
Diana H. Dolmans ◽  
Gerard J. Gormley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Climate ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Complex Simulation ◽  
Template Analysis ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Background Simulation-based education can induce intense learner emotions. The interplay between emotions and learning is less well understood. Gaining greater insights into learner emotions has potential to guide how best we manage emotions and optimise learning. This study aimed to understand learners’ lived emotional experiences in complex simulation and the perceived impact on learning. Methods Eight final-year medical students participated in the study. Wearing video-glasses, participants took part in a ward-based simulation. Video-footage was used to elicitate exploratory interviews and analysed using Template Analysis reflexively. Results Analysis yielded four main themes: ‘nervous anticipation’: encapsulating the fear, anxiety and uncertainty experienced by learners prior to simulation; ‘shock and awe’: feelings of anxiousness and being overwhelmed at the start of a simulation; ‘in the moment: flowing or buffeting with the emotions’: experiencing fear of being judged as incompetent, but also experiencing positive emotions such as satisfaction; ‘safe-landing?’: whilst debriefing aimed to encourage more positive emotions, negative emotions about the simulation could persist even with debriefing. Conclusions Complex simulation can evoke intense emotions in students. If students experienced a positive progression, they reported positive emotions and felt competent which was perceived to have a positive impact on learning. If students experienced failure, they reported strong negative emotions which made them question about their future performance and was perceived as negative for learning. Bringing to the surface these complex emotional dynamics, could permit educators to be aware of and adapt the emotional climate within simulation in order to optimise learning.

scholarly journals Predictors of Positive and Negative Emotions Experienced by Poles during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11993
Author(s):  
Estera Twardowska-Staszek ◽  
Irmina Rostek ◽  
Krzysztof Biel ◽  
Anna Seredyńska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

The objective of the research was to specify the predictors of positive and negative emotions experienced by Poles during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers used the following standardized measurement tools: emotions (PANAS), mood (UMACL), satisfaction with life (SWLS), optimism (LOT-R), and coping with stress (CISS). They also used a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic information and data concerning COVID-19 infections. In total, 595 participants (80.50% women) aged 18–75 participated in the research. It was concluded that the predictors of positive emotions included a task-oriented coping style, level of satisfaction with life, being a man, hedonic tone in the description of mood, and being an employed student. The negative predictors of positive emotions included emotion-oriented coping and the level of energetic arousal in the description of mood. The predictors of negative emotions were tense arousal in the description of mood, emotion-oriented coping, being over 60 years of age, and changes in respondents’ standard of living. The negative predictors of negative emotions included living in a medium-sized town or in a village. The research conclusions encourage us to pay special attention to possible at-risk groups threatened with mental health disorders and to factors that protect people against negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Facial Expressions of Emotions During Pharmacological and Exercise Stress Testing: the Role of Myocardial Ischemia and Cardiac Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T. Bekendam ◽  
Willem J. Kop ◽  
Ilse A. C. Vermeltfoort ◽  
Jos W. Widdershoven ◽  
Paula M. C. Mommersteeg
Keyword(s):  
Stress Testing ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Bicycle Exercise ◽  
Cardiac Stress ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Video Images

Abstract Background Negative emotions have been linked to ischemic heart disease, but existing research typically involves self-report methods and little is known about non-verbal facial emotion expression. The role of ischemia and anginal symptoms in emotion expression was examined. Methods Patients undergoing cardiac stress testing (CST) using bicycle exercise or adenosine with myocardial perfusion imaging were included (N = 256, mean age 66.8 ± 8.7 year., 43% women). Video images and emotion expression (sadness, anxiety, anger, and happiness) were analyzed at baseline, initial CST , maximal CST, recovery. Nuclear images were evaluated using SPECT. Results Ischemia (N = 89; 35%) was associated with higher levels of sadness (p = .017, d = 0.34) and lower happiness (p = .015, d = 0.30). During recovery, patients with both ischemia and anginal symptoms had the highest sadness expression (F (3,254) = 3.67, p = .013, eta2 = 0.042) and the lowest happiness expression (F (3, 254) = 4.19, p = .006, eta2 = .048). Conclusion Sadness and reduced happiness were more common in patients with ischemia. Also, anginal symptoms were associated with more negative emotions.

scholarly journals The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Jovanović ◽  
Milica Lazić ◽  
Vesna Gavrilov-Jerković ◽  
Dylan Molenaar
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

Abstract. The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess positive and negative emotions. In Study 1 ( N = 4,250, 61.95% females, Mage = 28.56 years), we evaluated measurement invariance of the SPANE across gender and age using moderated factor analysis. In Study 2 ( N = 200, 52.5% females, Mage = 21.82 years), we investigated the convergent and discriminant validity of the SPANE by examining its associations with measures of well-being and religiosity. In Study 3 ( N = 160, 87.5% females, Mage = 20.38 years), we used a prospective design to examine associations of the SPANE with the Big Five personality traits. The results provided general support for the measurement invariance of the SPANE across age and gender, but some non-invariant items were detected as well. The analyses of latent mean differences across gender revealed that women reported higher levels of both positive and negative emotions than men, but the effect size for positive emotions was very small. Older participants reported lower levels of positive emotions and higher levels of negative emotions than younger participants. Both convergent and discriminant validity of the SPANE were supported.

Self-Report Measures of Discrete Emotions

2007 ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dillard ◽  
L. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Signal Value ◽  
Source Of Information

According to appraisal theories of emotion, negative emotions arise from the perception that the environment is in an incongruent relationship with the individual’s goals (Dillard, 1997; Frijda, 1986; Lazarus, 1991). In contrast, when an individual judges that the current environment is likely to facilitate his or her goals, positive emotions follow (Frijda, 1986; Lazarus, 1991). However, both within and across these broad categories, individual emotions can be discriminated along several lines (Frijda, 1986; Lazarus, 1991; Oatley, 1992; Roseman, Weist, & Swartz, 1994; Scherer, 1984). First, emotions vary in terms of their signal value (Table 1, column 2). That is, emotions are a source of information regarding the state of the person-environment relationship. For example, surprise follows from the perception of novelty in the environment and registers that perception in conscious awareness (Frijda, 1986; Lazarus, 1991; Oatley, 1992; Roseman et al., 1994; Scherer, 1984). Emotions also signal the mobilization of psychological and physiological resources correspondent to that person-environment relationship. The subjective experience of an emotion also relays this information to consciousness. In this sense, an emotion may be viewed as a summary readout of the changes taking place in the body (Buck, 1997).

Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽  
Julie Spencer ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

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