Phytotoxic Activity of Geraniol-Treated Lemongrass Leaf Mulch against Common Weeds in Nurseries

Hand weeding continues to be one of the most laborious aspects of nursery maintenance. Oxygenated monoterpene, an important group of secondary metabolite found in essential oils, has a potential herbicidal activity that could be exploited as natural herbicide whereas organic mulch could delay weed emergence. Thus, this study aimed to examine the phytotoxicity of geraniol, an oxygenated monoterpene compound, in combination with lemongrass leaf mulch against three common weeds, Eleusine indica (grass), Cyperus distans (sedge), and Tridax procumbens (broadleaf). Greenhouse experiments were carried out by treating 4.0 t/ha lemongrass leaf mulch with 7.5% (v/v) geraniol compound. The pretreated mulch acted synergistically and inhibited the emergence and shoot growth of T. procumbens completely. However, the pretreated mulch exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on C. distans emergence and growth. Geraniol-treated lemongrass leaf mulch acted synergistically and inhibited the emergence of E. indica by 72%, but it acted antagonistically and caused a 45% reduction of shoot biomass. The present findings suggest that geraniol-treated lemongrass leaf mulch has potent herbicidal activity but its phytotoxic effect is species-dependent.

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Phytotoxic Potential of Benzyl Salicylate and Benzyl Benzoate on Bioindicator and Invasive Species

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n12p9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

L. F. G. Fuentes ◽

S. C. J. Gualtieri ◽

M. Imatomi ◽

R. B. Accarini

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Benzyl Benzoate ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

M 10 ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

New Compounds ◽

First Time

The growing number of invasive species in agricultural areas reduces productivity and results in production losses. The need to discover new compounds with herbicidal activity increases as cases of resistance of invasive plants to herbicides rise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of benzyl salicylate and benzyl benzoate upon the growth of Triticum aestivum coleoptiles and on the initial growth of Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Allium cepa, T. aestivum, Euphorbia heterophylla, and Megathyrsus maximus. For the T. aestivum coleoptile bioassays, the treatments used the concentrations of 10-3 M, 3 × 10-4 M, 10-4 M, 3 × 10-5 M, and 10-5 M; while for the initial growth bioassays the concentrations of 10-3 M, 10-4 M, and 10-5 M were used. Both compounds presented a minimum of 89% growth inhibition on T. aestivum coleoptiles in all concentrations. Both compounds inhibited the growth of the root system and shoot of A. cepa and E. heterophylla at all concentrations. The species most affected by both compounds in all evaluated parameters was E. heterophylla. For the benzyl benzoate, the inhibition of the roots of E. heterophylla were statistically equivalent to those obtained with the herbicide. Regarding benzyl salicylate, the root inhibition in this species in the 10-4 M and 10-5 M treatments did not differ statistically from the herbicide in the same concentrations. Benzyl salicylate and benzyl benzoate are compounds that presented phytotoxic activity on E. heterophylla and for the first time the phytotoxic effect of these compounds on invasive species is reported.

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Phytotoxic Effect of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450004594x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 595-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

T. V. Toai ◽

D. L. Linscott

Keyword(s):

Incubation Temperature ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Incubation Temperatures ◽

Toxin Formation ◽

Agropyron Repens

We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.

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PHYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF Ipomoea batatas EXTRACT , DETECTED THROUGH A NEW TYPE OF SANDWICH MICROBIOASSAY ON THREE SPECIES OF WEEDS

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Author(s):

M. HERNÁNDEZ-ARO ◽

R. HERNÁNDEZ-PÉREZ ◽

G. GUADALUPE-TAPIA ◽

D. GUILLEN-SÁNCHEZ ◽

L. CASTELLANOS-GONZÁLEZ

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Field Tests ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Weed Species ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Clean Environment ◽

Sandwich Type ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Efficient Alternative

ABSTRACT Nowadays, it is very important for researchers to find alternatives that enable the development of a profitable agriculture and a clean environment, therefore, the strategy evaluated in the present study is geared towards the use of the allelopathic effect of many plants. The main objective was to assess the efficiency of a compound derived from extracts of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas on three weed species under controlled conditions. Different concentrations (1, 5, 10% w/v) were evaluated through a sandwich-type microbioassay in comparison with the traditional Petri dished culture technique. Both tests demonstrated the phytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of I. batatas, which caused inhibition of germination of A. hybridus, P. oleracea and B. campestri. It was observed that use of the microbioassay allowed the optimization of resources used for analysis, required much less amounts of extracts and facilitated the analysis of a larger number of samples per unit of time. This offers a new economic and efficient alternative to quickly assess the phytotoxic effect of many donors’ species before field tests.

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Phytotoxic activity of benzenesulfonamide derivatives. Part IV. Herbicidal activity of N-(2,3-epoxypropyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives.

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1271/bbb1961.49.3265 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 3265-3269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koichi YONEYAMA ◽

Nobumasa ICHIZEN ◽

Makoto KONNAI ◽

Tetsuo TAKEMATSU ◽

Kazuyuki USHINOHAMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Phytotoxic Activity

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Efficacy and Estimated Annual Cost of Common Weed Control Methods in Landscape Planting Beds

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03609-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 199-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Christopher Marble ◽

Andrew K. Koeser ◽

Gitta Hasing ◽

Drew McClean ◽

Annette Chandler

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Weed Species ◽

Maintenance Costs ◽

Organic Mulch ◽

Pine Straw ◽

Ilex Vomitoria ◽

Materials Used ◽

Hand Weeding

Organic mulch is commonly used in landscape planting beds to improve plant growth and reduce competition from weed species. Although many different mulch materials have been evaluated in landscape, forestry, or agricultural settings, there have been no previous reports concerning the maintenance costs associated with different mulch materials from a weed control perspective. Trials were conducted at two locations in Florida to estimate the annual maintenance costs associated with pine bark nuggets (bark derived from pine species not specified) and pine straw mulch [mix of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and slash pine (Pinus taeda) needles] with and without the use of a granular preemergence herbicide when maintained at similar depths in schilling’s holly (Ilex vomitoria ‘Schilling’s Dwarf’) shrub beds and asiatic jasmine (Trachelospermum asiaticum ‘Minima’) groundcover beds. Weed coverage and residual mulch depth were tracked over time, with maximum and minimum thresholds (20% and 2 inches, respectively) set as triggers for maintenance activities. Results showed that the addition of herbicide (trifluralin + isoxaben) had little to no impact on weeding frequency or time when plots were mulched, but did reduce hand weeding frequency and time compared with nontreated, nonmulched plots. Both mulch materials used alone reduced hand weeding frequency and time compared with herbicide-only treatments. Although results varied by bed type and location, pine bark generally provided greater weed control compared with pine straw and required fewer mulch additions and less mulch by volume. Results from this study suggests that using pine bark nuggets as mulch may result in lower maintenance costs and weed pressure compared with pine straw when both are applied and maintained at 2-inch depths.

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Phytotoxic Effects and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils and Terpenoids

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111571 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1571

Author(s):

Mercedes Verdeguer ◽

Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras ◽

Fabrizio Araniti

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Crop Production ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Environment And Health ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Starting Point ◽

Potential Mode

Weeds are one of the major constraints in crop production affecting both yield and quality. The excessive and exclusive use of synthetic herbicides for their management is increasing the development of herbicide-resistant weeds and is provoking risks for the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new herbicides with multitarget-site activity, new modes of action and low impact on the environment and health are badly needed. The study of plant–plant interactions through the release of secondary metabolites could be a starting point for the identification of new molecules with herbicidal activity. Essential oils (EOs) and their components, mainly terpenoids, as pure natural compounds or in mixtures, because of their structural diversity and strong phytotoxic activity, could be good candidates for the development of new bioherbicides or could serve as a basis for the development of new natural-like low impact synthetic herbicides. EOs and terpenoids have been largely studied for their phytotoxicity and several evidences on their modes of action have been highlighted in the last decades through the use of integrated approaches. The review is focused on the knowledge concerning the phytotoxicity of these molecules, their putative target, as well as their potential mode of action.

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Cyanamide Phytotoxicity in Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings involves Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibition and Oxidative Stress

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000511 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000

Author(s):

John S. Maninang ◽

Shin Okazaki ◽

Yoshiharu Fujii

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Succinic Semialdehyde ◽

Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ◽

Knock Out ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The phytotoxic effect of the allelochemical cyanamide has been well-documented yet the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon has not been fully characterized. Cognizant of the putative inhibitory effect of cyanamide on aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), we hereby show that the capacity of mitochondrial preparations from cyanamide-treated soybean seedlings to oxidize acetaldehyde and succinic-semialdehyde was dose-dependently reduced to at most 55% and 70%, respectively. Cyanamide-treated plants exhibited oxidative stress (i.e. increased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation) that was exacerbated upon exposure to UV-A – symptoms reminiscent of ALDH and succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) knock-out Arabidopsis mutants. We suggest that the inhibition of mitochondrial ALDH and SSADH may be a contributory mechanism to the burst in oxidative stress mediated by cyanamide.

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Effect of Short and Long Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Essential Oils

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47411374 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 1374-1381

Author(s):

Aya MAALOUL ◽

Mercedes VERDEGUER SANCHO ◽

Martina ODDO ◽

Ezzeddine SAADAOUI ◽

Monia JEBRI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Digital Object Identifier ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Old Trees

Water shortage throughout the world, especially in arid regions in the later decades has led to search for alternatives to save potable fresh water. Treated wastewater (TWW) appears to be an opportunity for irrigation. However, it could represent a stress factor for plants, and influence their metabolism, changing their secondary metabolites and, consequently, their biological properties. Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil (EO) had been reported to possess phytotoxic activity. The main objective of this work was to compare the chemical composition and herbicidal activity of E. camaldulensis EO obtained from leaves of young plants and old trees irrigated with well water (WW) and TWW. Germination tests were performed in vitro against Amaranthus hybridus, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lolium perenne. The EOs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as main compound, was found in the EOs from leaves of young plants irrigated with both types of water. The EO from leaves of old trees irrigated with WW contained a main fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.17%) with p-cymene as principal compound. The highest herbicidal potential was shown by the EO from young plants irrigated with TWW. It completely inhibited A. hybridus and L. perenne germination, and nearly blocked the others at all concentrations assayed. It also showed strong phytotoxic activity on seedling length. The results suggest the possible use of TWW to irrigate Eucalyptus crops as it enhances the EOs herbicidal potential that could be used as natural herbicides. In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Myrislignan, a Growth Inhibitor from the Roots of Citronella grass

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200719 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Prapaipit Suwitchayanon ◽

Kiyotake Suenaga ◽

Arihiro Iwasaki ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Cymbopogon Nardus ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Phytotoxic Compound ◽

Citronella Grass

A phytotoxic compound was isolated from the root extracts of Cymbopogon nardus by bioassay-guided purification and characterized to be myrislignan. Myrislignan significantly inhibited seedling growth of cress at a concentration greater than 100 μM (p < 0.05). The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of myrislignan on hypocotyl and root growth of cress were 429 μM and 517 μM, respectively. The inhibition on seedling growth indicated that myrislignan had a phytotoxic activity and may contribute to the phytotoxic effect of C. nardus.

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Phytochemical screening and evaluation of phytotoxic activity of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) ripe fruit

Acta Brasiliensis ◽

10.22571/2526-4338232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Iara Cotta Mendes ◽

Paula Avelar Amado ◽

Melissa Grazielle Morais ◽

Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima

Keyword(s):

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Cholesterol Reduction ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Lettuce Seeds ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

Solanaceae Family

The Solanum lycocarpum species, belonging to the Solanaceae family, is popularly known as the wolf fruit and is used in folk medicine for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and cholesterol reduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract from the ripe fruit of S. lycocarpum to verify the presence of the main groups of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the phytotoxic effect on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Allium cepa (onion) seeds. The fruits of S. lycocarpum were collected, crushed and percolated with anhydrous ethanol and the solvent was dried in a rotatory evaporator to obtain the ethanol extract. In the phytotoxicity evaluation, the results showed that the ethanol extract was able to completely inhibit the growth of hypocotyl and radicle of L. sativa (lettuce) seeds in all concentrations tested. In A. cepa (onion) seeds, a concentration of 500 μg per plate was able to inhibit the growth of the hypocotyl and radicle by 100%. The metabolites detected in the extract were alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. The phytotoxic activity can be correlated to the presence of these compounds.

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