Effect of Short and Long Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Essential Oils

Water shortage throughout the world, especially in arid regions in the later decades has led to search for alternatives to save potable fresh water. Treated wastewater (TWW) appears to be an opportunity for irrigation. However, it could represent a stress factor for plants, and influence their metabolism, changing their secondary metabolites and, consequently, their biological properties. Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil (EO) had been reported to possess phytotoxic activity. The main objective of this work was to compare the chemical composition and herbicidal activity of E. camaldulensis EO obtained from leaves of young plants and old trees irrigated with well water (WW) and TWW. Germination tests were performed in vitro against Amaranthus hybridus, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lolium perenne. The EOs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as main compound, was found in the EOs from leaves of young plants irrigated with both types of water. The EO from leaves of old trees irrigated with WW contained a main fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.17%) with p-cymene as principal compound. The highest herbicidal potential was shown by the EO from young plants irrigated with TWW. It completely inhibited A. hybridus and L. perenne germination, and nearly blocked the others at all concentrations assayed. It also showed strong phytotoxic activity on seedling length. The results suggest the possible use of TWW to irrigate Eucalyptus crops as it enhances the EOs herbicidal potential that could be used as natural herbicides. In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Chemical composition and biological activities of leaf and fruit essential oils from Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2016-0033 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (11-12) ◽

pp. 483-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gulden Dogan ◽

Nazan Kara ◽

Eyup Bagci ◽

Seher Gur

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Fruit Oil ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves and fruit ofEucalyptus camaldulensisgrown in Mersin, Turkey was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The biological activities (antibacterial and antifungal) were examined using the agar well diffusion method. The main leaf oil constituents werep-cymene (42.1%), eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (14.1%), α-pinene (12.7%) and α-terpinol (10.7%). The main constituents of the fruit oil were eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (34.5%),p-cymene (30.0%), α-terpinol (15.1%) and α-pinene (9.0%). Our results showed that both types of oils are rich in terms of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes. The leaf and fruit essential oils ofE. camaldulensissignificantly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coliandStreptococcussp.) bacteria (p<0.05). The oils also showed fungicidal activity againstCandida tropicalisandC. globrata. Leaf essential oils showed more activity than fruit essential oils, probably due to the higher p-cymene concentration in leaves.

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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Libanotis montana Essential Oil in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900238 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dragoljub L. Miladinović ◽

Budimir S. Ilić ◽

Tatjana M. Mihajilov-Krstev ◽

Jovana L. Jović ◽

Marija S. Marković

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity were examined of Libanotis montana Crantz subsp. leiocarpa (Heuff.) Soó. (Apiaceae) essential oil. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze the chemical composition of the oil. The antibacterial activity was investigated by the broth microdilution method against thirteen bacterial strains. The interactions of the essential oil and three standard antibiotics: tetracycline, streptomycin and chloramphenicol toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods: principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant compound class in the oil (67.2%), with β-elemene (40.4%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited slight antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains in vitro, but the combinations L. montana oil-chloramphenicol and L. montana oil-tetracycline exhibited mostly either synergistic or additive interactions. These combinations reduced the minimum effective dose of the antibiotics and, consequently, minimized their adverse side effects. In contrast, the association of L. montana essential oil and streptomycin was characterized by strong antagonistic interactions against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. In the PCA and HCA analyses, streptomycin stood out and formed a separate group.

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In vitro Study of Antibacterial Activity on Multi-Resistant Bacteria and Chemical Composition of the Chloroform Extract of Endemic Centaurea drabifolia subsp. cappadocica

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400922 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aysel Ugur ◽

Nurdan Sarac ◽

M. Emin Duru ◽

Yavuz Beyatli

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Palmitate

The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of C. drabifolia S.M. subsp. cappadocica (DC.) Wagenitz (Asteraceae) was evaluated against microorganisms including multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria using the paper disc diffusion method. The chemical composition of the chloroform extract of this plant was determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The chloroform extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested, except Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MU63. The major compounds of the chloroform extract were spathulenol (14.1%), caryophyllene oxide (12.5%), octadecanol (10.2%), ethyl palmitate (7.7%), [Z,Z]-10,12-hexadecadienal (6.0%), 3-hydroxy p-anisaldehyde (5.9%) and pentacosane (5.8%).

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Correlation between Chemical Composition of Greek Essential Oils and their Antibacterial Activity against Food-borne Pathogens

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0700200413 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nikos G. Chorianopoulos ◽

Epameinontas T. Evergetis ◽

Nektarios Aligiannis ◽

Sofia Mitakou ◽

George-John E. Nychas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Food Borne

The compositions of forty-nine essential oils obtained from plants growing in areas of biodiversity in Greece were determined by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the oils were evaluated against a panel of five common food-borne bacteria ( Escherichia coli 0157:H7 NCTC 12900, Salmonella Enteritidis PT4, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and Bacillus cereus FSS 134). Monoterpene hydrocarbons, phenolic monoterpenes and alcohols were the major constituents of the oils, but their concentrations varied greatly between the samples examined. The essential oils obtained from the species endemic to Greece ( Satureja and Origanum) had the most potent bactericidal properties. The chemical composition data were statistically processed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlated with the antibacterial activities, allowing a rough estimation of the potential of the essential oils antibacterial activity.

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Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Isolated from Two Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Cultivars

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47311451 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aneta WESOLOWSKA ◽

Dorota JADCZAK

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Digital Object Identifier ◽

Digital Object ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Main Components

In the studies conducted in 2016-2017, the chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from the herb of two thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) cultivars was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analyses of the volatile oils of T. vulgaris L. cv. ‘English Winter’ and cv. ‘Summer Thyme de Provence’ led to the identification of 80 and 73 constituents, respectively. The main components found in the oil of ‘English Winter’ cultivar were thymol (44.97 and 38.06% in 2016 and 2017, respectively), p-cymene (7.61 and 10.34%), γ-terpinene (7.08 and 6.66%) and carvacrol (5.11 and 8.27%). Similarly, thymol (36.82 and 37.32%), p-cymene (15.73 and 11.20%), γ-terpinene (5.34 and 11.09%) and carvacrol (6.50 and 5.35%) dominated in the essential oil of ‘Summer Thyme de Provence’ cultivar. However, the higher content of thymol was noted for cultivar ‘English Winter’, while cultivar ‘Summer Thyme de Provence’ was richer in p-cymene. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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Chemical Composition of Fatty Acid and Unsaponifiable Fractions of Leaves, Stems and Roots of Arbutus unedo and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Unsaponifiable Extracts

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000500721 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed Amine Dib ◽

Julien Paolini ◽

Mourad Bendahou ◽

Laurent Varesi ◽

Hocine Allali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Arbutus Unedo ◽

Long Chain

The chemical composition of the fatty acid and unsaponifiable fractions of the leaves, stems and roots of Arbutus unedo L. were determined using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid fractions of the leaves, stems and roots contained 38.5%, 31.3% and 14.1% palmitic acid, respectively, along with other long-chain fatty acids (up to C22). The chemical composition of the unsaponifiable fractions differed: the leaf and stem fractions contained high levels of aliphatic (32.1% and 62.6%, respectively) and terpenic compounds (49.6% and 25.7%, respectively), and the root fraction mainly contained esters, of which the most abundant was benzyl cinnamate (36.6%). The antimicrobial activities of the unsaponifiable fractions against nine species of microorganisms were assessed. The unsaponifiable leaf and stem extracts inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Cupressus atlantica

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100601028 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

My Youssef Arjouni ◽

Fouad Bahri ◽

Abderrahmane Romane ◽

My Ahmed El Alaoui El Fels

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Cupressus Atlantica ◽

Germacrene D

Cupressus atlantica Gaussen, an endemic species from Morocco, is used in traditional medicine. The chemical composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves was investigated by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and also evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Sixty-one components, representing 98.1% of the total, were detected of which fifty-seven were identified. Germacrene D (34.8%), α-pinene (13.6%), δ-cadinene (6.1%), α-phellandrene (5.5%), γ-cadinene (5.0%), β -caryophyllene (4.8%) and α-humulene (4.4%) were the predominant compounds. The oil was characterized by a relatively high amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (66.5%). The oil, screened for antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative, showed pronounced activity against all the microbes tested, except Pseudomonas, which showed resistance.

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Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Characterization of a Non-Polar Extract of Saffron Stamens in Food Matrix

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 703

Author(s):

Severino Zara ◽

Giacomo L. Petretto ◽

Alberto Mannu ◽

Giacomo Zara ◽

Marilena Budroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Added Value ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Food Matrix ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

By Products

The production of saffron spice generates large quantities of plant by-products: over 90% of the plant material collected is discarded, and a consideration fraction of this waste is plant stamens. This work investigated the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activities of the non-polar fraction extracted from four different saffron flower stamens. The chemical composition of ethereal extracts of the saffron stamens was qualitatively assessed by means of gas–chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. These analyses revealed ethereal extracts to possess a high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. In vitro antibacterial activity of stamen extracts showed no large differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In food matrix microbial analysis of the bacterial strains belonging to the main foodborne pathogen species, including Staphylococcus aureus DSM 20231, Escherichia coli DSM 30083, and Listeria monocytogenes DSM 20600, using low-fat UHT milk, revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of cells (particularly for E. coli and S. aureus with a complete elimination of the population of the two target bacteria following incubation in diethyl ether extracts of saffron stamen (DES) at high concentrations tested, both at 37 °C and 6 °C (for 48 h and 7 days, respectively). A synergic effect was observed when the pathogens were incubated at 6 °C with DES. This work shows these by-products to be excellent sources of bioactive compounds, which could be exploited in high-added-value products, such as food, cosmetics, and drugs.

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Identifying volatile in vitro biomarkers for oral bacteria with proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96287-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kajsa Roslund ◽

Markku Lehto ◽

Pirkko Pussinen ◽

Kari Hartonen ◽

Per-Henrik Groop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Proton Transfer ◽

Transfer Reaction ◽

Proton Transfer Reaction ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Analysis ◽

Bacterial Volatiles

AbstractWe have measured the volatile fingerprints of four pathogenic oral bacteria connected to periodontal disease and dental abscess: Porphyromonas gingivalis (three separate strains), Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Tannerella forsythia. Volatile fingerprints were measured in vitro from the headspace gas of the bacteria cultured on agar. Concrete identification of new and previously reported bacterial volatiles were performed by a combination of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and offline gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We also studied the effect of the reduced electric field strength (E/N) on the fragmentation patterns of bacterial volatiles in online proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). We aimed to discover possible new biomarkers for the studied oral bacteria, as well as to validate the combination of GC–MS and PTR-MS for volatile analysis. Some of the most promising compounds produced include: 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ), indole, and a cascade of sulphur compounds, such as methanethiol, dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS). We also found that several compounds, especially alcohols, aldehydes and esters, fragment significantly with the PTR-MS method, when high E/N values are used. We conclude that the studied oral bacteria can be separated by their volatile fingerprints in vitro, which could have importance in clinical and laboratory environments. In addition, using softer ionization conditions can improve the performance of the PTR-MS method in the volatile analysis of certain compounds.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From the Leaves of Pterocephalus hookeri

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20981239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098123

Author(s):

Peng-fei Yang ◽

Hui Lu ◽

Qiong-bo Wang ◽

Zhi-wei Zhao ◽

Qiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Assay ◽

Detailed Chemical

Detailed chemical constituents of essential oil from the Pterocephalus hookeri leaves and its antimicrobial activities were investigated in this study. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Among the 90 identified compounds, hexadecanoic acid (21.27%), phytol (8.03%), furfural (7.08%), oleic acid (5.25%), and phytone (4.56%) were the major components. In the antimicrobial assay, the essential oil showed strong inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Pterocephalus hookeri.

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