scholarly journals Properties Characterization of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Filled with Uncarbonized Particulate Cow Bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinlabi Oyetunji ◽  
Isiaka O Bakare ◽  
Reginald Umunakwe ◽  
Adetola O Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Cow Bone

This work investigates the effects of addition of 63 µm uncarbonized particulate cow bone as fillers in vulcanized natural rubber on the tensile properties, hardness and abrasion resistance of the composites. Cow bones were procured from an abattoir, cleaned, crushed, pulverized, ball milled and sieved to obtain the particles that passed through the 63 µm mesh size. Natural rubber composites materials were prepared varying the filler loading as 5, 10, 15 and 20 pphr respectively. The compounded rubber samples were cured in a hot press using compression moulding technique. The control sample was produced using 20 pphr of carbon black. The cured rubber samples were conditioned at room temperature for two weeks before they were characterized. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the samples filled with cow bone increased with filler loading up to 15 pphr before they started decreasing. Carbon black reinforced sample possessed higher tensile strength, modulus and hardness than the samples filled with uncarbonized particulate cow bone. The hardness for all samples maintained an increasing trend with increase in the filler loadings. Particulate cow bone reinforced natural rubber offered higher elongation than carbon black reinforced samples. At 10, 15 and 20 pphr, cow bone reinforced composites exhibited higher abrasion resistance than carbon black filled sample. The optimal filler loading of uncarbonized particulate cow bone reinforced natural rubber was 15 pphr.  Cow bone reinforced natural rubber can find applications in areas where moderate strength, hardness, elongation and wear resistance are required such as in protective footwear, bouncing balls and cases of children toys.Keywords— carbon black, cow bone, fillers, natural rubber, composites.

scholarly journals Thermal, Morphological and Physic-Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber - CaCO3 Composites Using Jatropha Oil as Softener.

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasruddin ◽  
Tri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

The urgency of green technology in rubber compounding has become a critical issue recently. In this research, the effect of using renewable resources in rubber compounding has been studied. Commercial Calcium Carbonate, Silica and Jatropha Oil were used in natural rubber composite. The research was designed by varying the types of commercial filler namely CaCO3 (47-51) phr, silica (47-51) phr and Jatropha Oil (4-6) phr in natural rubber composites (SIR-20). The formulas were intentionally designed for rubber tips vulcanizates. The samples were characterized by the determination of physic-mechanical, thermal (TGA) and morphological (SEM) properties. From the measured results, there is no significant effect on the tensile strength, specific gravity, and hardness on the loading of commercial CaCO3 and Silica in natural rubber composites using Jatropha Oil. However, a slight difference in elongation at break and abrasion resistance could be detected. Compared to the commercial rubber tips, the rubber tips produced in this research have higher tensile strength, elongation at break and abrasion resistance. Due to the usage of commercial CaCO3 and Silica, the SEM micrographs show rough surface because of the agglomeration. The thermogram shows clearly the compositional analysis of the rubber tips vulcanizates consist of Jatropha Oil and natural rubber, CaCO3, ash and other filler residues such as Silica.

scholarly journals Effects of chemically treated and carbonized spear grass fibre on the curing and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149
Author(s):  
A.C. Ezika ◽  
V.U. Okpechi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Effects of chemically treated and carbonized spear grass fibre on the curing and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates were carried out. Natural rubber (NR) was filled with carbonized (at carbonization temperatures of 400°C, 600°C and 800°C  respectively) and chemically treated (treatment with HCl and NaOH of 5% concentration) spear grass fillers respectively, at a filler loading of 30phr. The rubber compounding was carried out in a bambury mixer. The effect of carbonization temperature and chemical treatment of the filler on the mechanical properties (tensile strength, % elongation, hardness strength, abrasion resistance and compression set) and rheological properties (cure time, scorch time, maximum and minimum torque) were carried out on the  samples. The results of the mechanical properties of carbonized spear grass fibre (C-SGF) filled vulcanizates show that the optimum carbonization temperature for an improved tensile strength, % elongation, hardness, abrasion and compression set was obtained at 400°C. NaOH treated fibre filled vulcanizates showed better mechanical properties; with the highest abrasion resistance of 67.65%, while untreated and acidified fibre filled vulcanizates showed poor mechanical properties. Acidified (HCl) uncarbonized spear grass fibre (U-SGF) filled vulcanizate had the highest compression set of 48% against C-SGF filled vulcanzates and carbon black filled  vulcanizate, with carbon black filled vulcanizate having 47% as its compression set value. This reveals that at a carbonization temperature of 400°C, C-SGF appears to be a potential substitute filler for carbon black (CB). Keywords: Spear Grass Fibre, Natural Rubber, Chemical Treatments, Cure Characteristics, Mechanical Properties, Carbonization

scholarly journals The effect of carbon black on the curing and mechanical properties of natural rubber/ acrylonitrile- butadiene rubber composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
H. Boukfessa ◽  
B. Bezzazi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Different Content

The present work investigates the effect of the amount of carbon black on curing and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and abrasion resistance of the natural rubber (NR)/ acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blend. For that purpose, a blend composed of 65% NR and 35% NBR filled with different content of carbon black N330 was used. The curing results indicate that the viscosity and the crosslink density of rubber composites increase and the scorch and curing times decrease with increasing the filler content. Mechanical properties such as tensile modulus and hardness of the CB filled NR/NBR blend were remarkably improved, indicating the inherent reinforcing potential of CB. Regarding tensile strength and abrasion resistance, they increase with the addition of carbon black, up to 50 phr. After that, these properties decrease slightly with filleraddition.

Contribution of Carbon Black to Thermal Conductivity of Natural Rubber

2013 ◽  
Vol 561 ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ping Song ◽  
Lian Xiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

Eight kinds of carbon black filled natural rubber composites were prepared, and thermal conductivity was studied. Acetylene black contributes much to the thermal conductivity of rubber, and tiny loading results in considerable improvement. The conductive carbon black 40B2 is advantageous for the improvement in thermal conductivity of rubber when its loading reaches middle level, and at its middle level, also tiny loading results in much improvement. Most kinds of carbon black for rubber application filled rubber composites have good properties except for N134 and N660, especially the poor contribution of N660. Additionally, in the case of carbon black filled rubber composites, addition of filler may not necessarily benefit the thermal conductivity when filler loading is not much.

scholarly journals Dielectric and Microwave Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets /Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar A. Al-Hartomy ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Falleh Al-Salamy ◽  
Nikolay Dishovsky ◽  
Rossitsa Shtarkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Microwave Properties ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

Effect of Short Banana Fiber on Hardness and Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Thapanee Wongpreedee ◽  
Chana Prapruddivongs ◽  
Nanthaya Kengkhetkit
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Banana fiber (BF) was utilized as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR). BF/NR composites containing banana fiber contents of 5, 10, and 15 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) were mixed on a two-roll mill machine. The hardness, tensile properties of BF/NR composites were studied. It was found that the hardness and moduli of BF/NR composites are higher than that of NR. Despite tensile strength and strain at break of BF/NR composite lower than NR. Moreover, hardness and moduli of BF/NR composites increased, while tensile strength and strain at break decreased with the increase in banana fiber content. Thus, banana fiber exhibited improvement in the stiffness significantly of NR composites

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