scholarly journals Thermal, Morphological and Physic-Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber - CaCO3 Composites Using Jatropha Oil as Softener.

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasruddin ◽  
Tri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

The urgency of green technology in rubber compounding has become a critical issue recently. In this research, the effect of using renewable resources in rubber compounding has been studied. Commercial Calcium Carbonate, Silica and Jatropha Oil were used in natural rubber composite. The research was designed by varying the types of commercial filler namely CaCO3 (47-51) phr, silica (47-51) phr and Jatropha Oil (4-6) phr in natural rubber composites (SIR-20). The formulas were intentionally designed for rubber tips vulcanizates. The samples were characterized by the determination of physic-mechanical, thermal (TGA) and morphological (SEM) properties. From the measured results, there is no significant effect on the tensile strength, specific gravity, and hardness on the loading of commercial CaCO3 and Silica in natural rubber composites using Jatropha Oil. However, a slight difference in elongation at break and abrasion resistance could be detected. Compared to the commercial rubber tips, the rubber tips produced in this research have higher tensile strength, elongation at break and abrasion resistance. Due to the usage of commercial CaCO3 and Silica, the SEM micrographs show rough surface because of the agglomeration. The thermogram shows clearly the compositional analysis of the rubber tips vulcanizates consist of Jatropha Oil and natural rubber, CaCO3, ash and other filler residues such as Silica.

Tensile Properties of Wollastonite Filled High Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Ismail Yuhaida ◽  
Husseinsyah Salmah ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Zainuddin Firuz
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

Wollastonite is one type of inorganic filler. The effects of wollastonite loading on tensile properties of wollastonite (WS) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE)/Natural Rubber (NR) composites was studied. The HDPE/NR/WS composites were prepared by using Brabender EC Plus at a temperature of 180 °C with rotor speed of 50 rpm for 10 min. It was found that the increasing of wollastonite loading had decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break, whereas the Young’s modulus of the HDPE/NR/WS composites had increased with the increasing of wollastonite loading.

Cogon Grass Fiber-Epoxidized Natural Rubber Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Wasaphon Wanasut ◽  
Apikiat Singkum ◽  
Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

This research shows a great potential of cogon grass fiber to be used as a reinforcement in epoxidized natural rubber composites. The thermal and mechanical properties of cogon grass fiber-epoxidized natural rubber composites were studied. The chemical treatment of cogon grass fiber to be used as a reinforcing filler was revealed. Effects of fiber treatment method and treatment time of cogon grass fiber on thermal properties of the fibers and their composites were elucidated. The addition of cogon grass fiber into epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) improved the mechanical properties of the composites.The result indicated that alkaline treatment followed by acid treatment of cogon grass fiber led to an increase in thermal decomposition temperature and mechanical properties of the composites more than that without acid treatment. With increasing the amount of fiber, tensile strength of ENR composites were significantly increased while elongation at break was insignificantly changed. ENR with the addition of 4-Amino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine monohydrate as coupling agent (ENRC) was shown to have higher tensile strength, modulus at 200% elongation and elongation at break than ENR. Improved mechanical properties were also obtained in ENRC composites compared to those of ENR composites.

Physical Properties of Rice Husk Fiber/Natural Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladawan Srisuwan ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

In this study, rice husk fiber (RHF) was used as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR). NR composites were prepared at various RHF contents, i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 phr. Sulfur conventional vulcanization was used. Effect of RHF content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphological properties of NR composites were investigated. The results showed that scorch and cure times of RHF/NR composites were not affected by increasing RHF content. Crosslink density, tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength of NR composites slightly decreased with increasing RHF content whereas M100 and M300 of the composites slightly increased with increasing RHF content.

scholarly journals Properties Characterization of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Filled with Uncarbonized Particulate Cow Bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinlabi Oyetunji ◽  
Isiaka O Bakare ◽  
Reginald Umunakwe ◽  
Adetola O Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Cow Bone

This work investigates the effects of addition of 63 µm uncarbonized particulate cow bone as fillers in vulcanized natural rubber on the tensile properties, hardness and abrasion resistance of the composites. Cow bones were procured from an abattoir, cleaned, crushed, pulverized, ball milled and sieved to obtain the particles that passed through the 63 µm mesh size. Natural rubber composites materials were prepared varying the filler loading as 5, 10, 15 and 20 pphr respectively. The compounded rubber samples were cured in a hot press using compression moulding technique. The control sample was produced using 20 pphr of carbon black. The cured rubber samples were conditioned at room temperature for two weeks before they were characterized. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the samples filled with cow bone increased with filler loading up to 15 pphr before they started decreasing. Carbon black reinforced sample possessed higher tensile strength, modulus and hardness than the samples filled with uncarbonized particulate cow bone. The hardness for all samples maintained an increasing trend with increase in the filler loadings. Particulate cow bone reinforced natural rubber offered higher elongation than carbon black reinforced samples. At 10, 15 and 20 pphr, cow bone reinforced composites exhibited higher abrasion resistance than carbon black filled sample. The optimal filler loading of uncarbonized particulate cow bone reinforced natural rubber was 15 pphr.  Cow bone reinforced natural rubber can find applications in areas where moderate strength, hardness, elongation and wear resistance are required such as in protective footwear, bouncing balls and cases of children toys.Keywords— carbon black, cow bone, fillers, natural rubber, composites.

The Study of Using Bio-Filler from Cassava Pulp in Natural Rubber Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watcharin Ruangudomsakul ◽  
Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Cassava pulp (CP) is an inexpensive and broadly available waste by-product from cassava starch production. This by-product is basically constituted of cellulose fiber and residual starch. In this study, cassava pulp was mixed with natural rubber (NR) with various contents using two roll mills to obtain CP/NR composites. Natural rubber grafted glycidyl methacrylate (NR-g-GMA) was used as compatibilizer in CP/NR/NR-g-GMA composites. Sulfur conventional vulcanization was used. The composite specimens were prepared by compression molding. Mechanical properties and morphological properties of composites were investigated. The results showed that tensile strength was significantly increased with increasing content of cassava pulp up to 20 phr. However, when cassava pulp was increased more than 30 phr, tensile strength was slightly decreased. Elongation at break of NR composites was not changed with increasing cassava pulp. The modulus of NR composites was increased with increasing cassava pulp content. Morphological properties of CP/NR composites was elucidated as well.

Effect of Short Banana Fiber on Hardness and Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Thapanee Wongpreedee ◽  
Chana Prapruddivongs ◽  
Nanthaya Kengkhetkit
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Banana fiber (BF) was utilized as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR). BF/NR composites containing banana fiber contents of 5, 10, and 15 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) were mixed on a two-roll mill machine. The hardness, tensile properties of BF/NR composites were studied. It was found that the hardness and moduli of BF/NR composites are higher than that of NR. Despite tensile strength and strain at break of BF/NR composite lower than NR. Moreover, hardness and moduli of BF/NR composites increased, while tensile strength and strain at break decreased with the increase in banana fiber content. Thus, banana fiber exhibited improvement in the stiffness significantly of NR composites

Effect of Vulcanization Processes on Properties of Natural Rubber/Cellulose Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Yanika Poonpipat ◽  
Tanabadee Boonmalert ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

The effect of vulcanization processes and surface treatment of cellulose were investigated on tensile strength, degradation temperature, and morphological properties of cellulose/natural rubber composites. Cellulose was surface-treated with Si-69 silane coupling agent and used as reinforcing filler in natural rubber (NR). Different vulcanization processes including electron beam irradiation (EB-Cured) and sulphur vulcanization (S-Cured) were used to crosslink NR. The incorporation of both untreated and treated cellulose at various concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 phr) into NR was found to significantly improve the tensile strength and modulus. Notably, with addition of treated cellulose in NR, the tensile strength and modulus were considerably higher than that of the untreated cellulose for all curing system. SEM morphological analysis revealed a well dispersion of cellulose particles in NR matrix. Addition of cellulose slightly decreased the onset of degradation temperature of NR, however, the degradable temperature was found to be unchanged. The curing systems had shown an impact on tensile property of NR. S-Cured NR exhibited highest modulus of 2.23 MPa comparing to the EB-Cured NR (1.69 MPa) for the same amount of cellulose (20 phr), due to a stronger crosslink network. However, the curing system had no significant impact on degradation temperature of NR.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sivasubramanian Palanisamy ◽  
Kalimuthu Mayandi ◽  
Murugesan Palaniappan ◽  
Azeez Alavudeen ◽  
Nagarajan Rajini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
American Society ◽  
Tear Properties

The introduction of natural fibers as a filler in a natural rubber (NR) matrix can be of relevance for their eco-friendly and sustainable nature as the substitute for carbon-based fillers. In this work, short Phormium tenax fibers were introduced in random orientation into a NR matrix in different lengths (6, 10, and 14 mm) and various amounts (10, 20, and 30%, taking 100 as the NR weight). The composite was fabricated using a two-roll mill according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D3184-11 standard. Several properties were determined, namely tensile and tear characteristics, hardness, and abrasion resistance. The results suggest that the shortest fiber length used, 6 mm, offered the best combination between loss of mechanical (tensile and tear) properties and hardness and the most acceptable resistance to abrasion, with the properties increasing with the amount of fibers present in NR. As a consequence, it is indicated that a higher amount of fibers could be possibly introduced, especially to achieve harder composites, though this would require a more controlled mixing process not excessively reducing tensile elongation at break.

scholarly journals Influence of Preparation Method on Properties of Natural Rubber/Sepiolite Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
Patiwarada Jitsopin ◽  
Abdulhakim Masa ◽  
Nabil Hayeemasae ◽  
Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Mixing Method

Abstract Natural rubber (NR) composites filled with various sepiolite loadings were prepared and optimized by two different mixing methods, namely, melt mixing and latex mixing methods. The properties were evaluated through viscosity, stress relaxation, curing behaviors and tensile properties of rubber composites. The viscosity was influenced by sepiolite content and mixing methods. The greater interaction between rubber and sepiolite was obtained from melt mixing method. This reflected to the greater tensile strength found in this method. Considering the content of sepiolite, similar trend was observed for the curing properties and elongation at break. The greatest tensile strength was observed when the sepiloite content was at 1 phr.

Application properties of a cyclophosphamide-core polyamidoamine dendritic montmorillonite in natural rubber composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-366
Author(s):  
Liu Cheng ◽  
Wang Jincheng ◽  
Zhao Wen ◽  
Song Shiqiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Limited Oxygen

This work focused on investigation of application properties of organoclay-modified natural rubber (NR) composites. This organoclay, flame-retardant (FR) dendrimer-modified organic montmorillonite (G-OMMT), was composed of dendrimer and montmorillonite. Different generations of G-OMMT were prepared. G3.0-OMMT was selected and FR composites were fabricated. Their tensile properties, thermal stability, flame-retardance, and other properties were compared. The tensile strength and elongation at break of NR/G3.0-OMMT-15 were 18.8 MPa and 586%, respectively, which were about 12.6% and 23.6% higher than that of pure NR, 16.7 MPa and 474%. In addition, when 10 phr of G3.0-OMMT was added, the wearing loss volume was 0.231 cm3, which was 42.4% lower compared with that of pure NR, 0.401 cm3. The NR composites also possessed better thermal stability. When the amount of this organoclay was 10 phr, T 5% and T 10% were 306.4°C and 349.5°C, respectively. They were 102.3°C and 29.2°C higher than that of pure NR. Moreover, the burning rate was decreased from 30.15 mm min−1 for pure NR to 19.48 mm min−1 for NR/G3.0-OMMT-20, and the limited oxygen index value was increased from about 18% for pure NR to about 28% for NR/G3.0-OMMT-20. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the layered silicates dispersed uniformly in these composites and possessed a good compatibility with the polymeric matrix.

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