scholarly journals Христијанизација Нубијe и везе са Византијом до X века

2021 ◽  
Vol LIV (3) ◽  
pp. 411-428
Author(s):  
Славиша Тубин
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
East African ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Conquest

Indications of the first baptismal endeavors in Nubia can be traced back to the apostolic period. The final baptism of all three Nubian states (Nobatia, Makuria, Alodia) took place in the 6th century. A strong and lasting alliance with Byzantium implied cultural, religious and trade contacts. The historiography is dominated by the theory of the collapse of Nubian- Byzantine ties after the Islamic Conquest of Egypt in the 7th century. The similarity of Nubian society with Byzantine after the seventh century is explained by the theory of memory of Byzantium in Nubia. On the other hand, relying on the Arab-Byzantine sources, the trade relations between Nubia and Byzantium can be traced back to the 10th century. According to Ibn Yahya the Nubians appear as a guard of emperors in Constantinople. The general Byzantine term of the Ethiopians mainly denoted various East African peoples in Byzantine sources. In the tenth century, it is possible to identify Nubians in such mentions.

scholarly journals Comparative Reading of Motherhood Identities in East African and Indonesian Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Stanley Elias
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
Male Child ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
East African ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Religious Orientations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Reduced Forms

The study comparatively examines the representation of motherhood identities and the trauma of being childless to women in African and Indonesian literary texts namely Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Secret Lives and other Stories, Elieshi Lema’s Parched Earth, Ratih Kumala’s Genesis and Iwan Setyawan’s Ibuk. Central to the analysis of this study is the argument that the existing cultural and religious discourses significantly contribute to the ways motherhood identities are construed in the society. Of a particular note, motherhood is argued to be a desired position that every woman wants most and is ready to sacrifice for it. Importantly, marriage, religious orientations and orders of the patriarchy certify motherhood and its related identities in the society. On the other hand, childlessness or failure to bear a male child circumscribe women in reduced forms of their identities and so subjects them to psychological and physical trauma and of course a social stigma.

Homer and Attic Geometric Vases

1955 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. L. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geometric Representation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Beginning

Since Dr. Hamper's identification of epic scenes in eighth-century art twenty years ago opinion has been divided as to how far these can be accepted. To quote two recent opinions, Mr. G. S. Kirk ends his discussion of Hampe's identifications: ‘thus there is no Geometric representation which we can confidently describe as representing a definite scene from the heroic saga, let alone from epic as we know it’. Professor Kraiker, however, accepts the Aktorione–Molione and the Herakles fighting the Stymphalian birds. Mr. J. M. Cook has argued that the spread of the Homeric epic from Ionia to the mainland was responsible both for the institution of hero cults in Greece and for the appearance in post-Geometric painting (seventh century) of scenes derived from the epic.The existence of epic representations in Attic, Corinthian, and Argive painting of the early seventh century is undoubted, and the list has recently been increased by a very fine Argive Odysseus and Polyphemos and a superb Attic vase with Odysseus blinding Polyphemos and Perseus pursued by Gorgons. The question is whether this is really a new beginning or a development of something already existing which is difficult for us to recognise. I do not wish to argue against the supposition that seventh-century painting was influenced by the spread of the Homeric epic to the mainland, although Boeotian epic would also have to be considered, since its influence on Boeotian fibulae in the seventh century can hardly be doubted; but Boeotian epic was no doubt itself affected by Ionian epic, as certain passages in Hesiod show. On the other hand, Athens was neither without poetry nor without contact with Ionia during the eighth century.

scholarly journals Fondation de Qarthadasht en Afrique du Nord – comme problème dans les recherches sur la chronologie de la plus ancienne histoire de Carthage

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Miron Wolny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Afrique Du Nord ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
German Science ◽  
Literary Relations ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Political Economic

The author of the article tries to connect the observation of economic and trade relations developed by the Phoenicians in the western part of the Mediterranean with a reflection on the situation in which the Levant countries found themselves. It is known that in the period in which the founding of Carthage can be hypothetically located, the Phoenician centers were under political, economic and military pressure – mainly from Assyria – although other powers, such as Damascus, cannot be ruled out. On the other hand, however, it is known that, for example, in German science the lack of a founding act of Carthage in North Africa was emphasized, and the archaeological traces left in this territory seem insufficient to reconcile conventional literary relations with the founding of Carthage at the end of the 9th century BC. The intention of this article is an attempt to show the issues on the basis of which one should consider the reinterpretation of the events reported as the context of the founding of Carthage. This procedure would serve to revise the existing findings of science on the chronology of the founding of Qarthadasht and could, consequently, contribute to showing that the founding of Carthage fell on a later period - i.e. the end of the 8th or the beginning of the 7th century BCE.

scholarly journals Of Prophecy and Piety: Spinoza’s Tractatus Theologico-Politicus between al-Farabî and Erasmus

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Michiel Leezenberg
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Spiritual Exercises ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Moses Maimonides ◽  
The One

In this contribution, I discuss some less well-known premodern and early modern antecedents of Spinoza’s concepts and claims in the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. On the one hand, I will argue, Spinoza’s notion of prophecy owes more to Moses Maimonides than to any Christian author; and through Maimonides, Spinoza may be linked to the discussion of prophecy in The Virtuous City by the tenth-century Islamic philosopher al-Farabî. Spinoza’s concern with prophecy as a popular formulation of the Divine Law may be fruitfully seen in the light of these two authors. On the other hand, Spinoza’s notion of pietas has arguably been shaped by a number of early modern authors from the Low Countries, including Thomas a Kempis and Erasmus: it does not consist in merely obeying the law, but also has a clear devotional and theist dimension of love for God and for one’s neighbors. As such, it may be associated with recent ideas on philosophy and spiritual exercises. These findings have a number of non-trivial implications for Spinoza’s place in the rise of modern, academic Western philosophy. I will discuss these implications in the context of Pierre Hadot’s influential views on philosophy as a way of life and Michel Foucault’s notion of spirituality.

The Origins of Medieval Vessel Turning

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Pugsley
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preceding Period ◽  
Bear Witness

Wooden vessels were in widespread use in British households after the tenth century. Most were turned, both inside and out, and bear witness to highly developed lathe techniques. This paper considers the preceding period with a view to finding links with woodworking techniques developed either in antiquity or in the early medieval period. The quest is hampered by the limited quantity of material, as wood does not normally survive in the archaeological record. On the other hand, by taking the largest possible sample (in this case from the whole of western Europe), a scenario for the origin of medieval vessel turning can be proposed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Certain Dietary Supplements in Relation to the Calcium Requirements of Growing African Natives. II

1930 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McAskill Henderson ◽  
Francis Charles Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
East African ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Appreciable Reduction

1. Of five experimental subjects—growing East African native boys—four proved to have definitely negative calcium balances on the diet in use at the Nairobi Prison, while the fifth was merely in calcium equilibrium.2. The diet in question was found to be so low in calcium (0·32 grm. Ca per day) that the occurrence of negative balances is not altogether surprising.3. These negative calcium balances became positive on the addition of calcium as milk or in a mineral mixture with or without cod-liver oil.4. Cod-liver oil alone was not effective in bringing about any appreciable reduction of a negative balance.5. Our findings showed that 0·43 grm. Ca daily was the maintenance requirement for the subjects under experiment. This figure is practically the same as that found by Sherman in a summary of work on white races.6. On giving additional calcium in a mineral mixture it was found that after the maintenance requirement had been satisfied, as much as 50 per cent. of any excess might be retained. The calcium of milk, on the other hand, was found to be utilised more efficiently; the corresponding retention figure being over 70 per cent.7. The influence of the various supplements on growth is briefly discussed.

Studies of the sampling of Glossina pallidipes Aust.—II. The daily pattern of flies caught on cattle, in Morris traps and on A fly-round

1961 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Smith ◽  
B. D. Rennison
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
East African ◽  
Daily Pattern ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Made In

A series of catches of G. pallidipes Aust. was made in 1½-hr. periods between 0800 and 1830 hr. each day during two experiments carried out in the early wet season (1957) and the late dry season (1958), at Lugala, Uganda, using tethered, small, shorthorned East African Zebu oxen, Morris traps and the standard flyround technique.Flies were attracted to the oxen in greater numbers in the morning and evening than at midday, the evening increase being marked in the wet season. The daily catches of both sexes on oxen, though starting at much the same level in both seasons, fell to lower levels at the hotter times of day during the dry season and rose only slightly in the evening. Traps, on the other hand, in both seasons caught most females between 1230 and 1400 hr. and least in the mornings. Male flies were trapped in greatest numbers between 1400 and 1530 hr. in the wet season, but only in comparatively small numbers at any time in the dry season, though there was a suggestion of maximum availability between 1100 and 1230 hr. during the latter. During the dry season, catches on the fly-round and on oxen showed a similar periodicity in the case of females, but not in that of males, fly-round catches of which declined from a peak at 0930–1100 hr.

The Concept of Diaspora in Rabbinic Sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Charlotte Elisheva Fonrobert
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Babylonian Talmud ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Jewish Learning ◽  
Cultural Mobility ◽  
Land Of Israel

The rabbinic diaspora in the Persianite and Sasanian empires of the second through seventh century CE provided the context for the production of one the great monuments of the culture of Jewish learning, the Babylonian Talmud. As the originary compilation of the rabbinic movement, the Mishnah (second century ce), on the other hand, appears as a text that was not only produced in the “land of Israel,” but also remained tethered to the land in its vision. This chapter discusses the dynamics of cultural mobility that enabled the rabbinic movement to transplant its traditions of learning to the geographic diaspora of what the rabbis referred to as Bavel (Babylonia). It traces some specific rhetorical strategies and, more generally, the consciousness that allowed the rabbis to transform Jewish dispersion into diaspora.

scholarly journals Business Activity in Mediterranean Sea and its Impact on Crusades Emirates in Levant Country fell during the second half of seventh century(A.H.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dr.Nihad Hameed ELaibi Aged ◽  
Dr.Ragheed Gummar Majeed Salman
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
The State ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mediterranean

       The commercial activity in the Mediterranean had a major impact in Emirates Crusades in Levant country fell by Al- Mamluks hand , however , the competition was at its peak between the European Emirates particularly among Italian republics marine , which influence the internal situation and there were disputes between Crusades Emirates in the levant country resulting to weakness on the other side , were bad-treatment and abuse that Crusaders showed against traders and farmers on the other hand , the alliances that had Crusades tried to contract with the Mongols Knight, the first enemy of the  Mamluks of a third hand , these factors prompted the state of Al-Mamluks to undertake military operation to eradicate the Emirates country during the second half from the seventh century(A.H.).

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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