scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF DATE PALM CULTIVARS FROM GHARDAÏA (SOUTHEAST ALGERIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Abdelkader ALLAM ◽  
Kaouthar DJAFRI ◽  
Meriem BERGOUIA ◽  
El-Haîfa KHEMISSAT ◽  
Mohamed TAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Physicochemical Characterisation ◽  
Very High

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an economically important species vital for food security in Algeria, especially for the southern population. There are an estimated 18 million palm trees in Algeria with more than 1000 cultivars. This poorly known resource is unfortunately threatened with extinction. This work was carried out on 24 date palm cultivars, studying their morphological and physicochemical characteristics, such as the weight, length and diameter of the date and the seed, and the consistency, moisture, pH and sugar content of the dates. Ten homogeneous palm trees were selected for each cultivar. From each tree, we collected 40 fruits devoid of their calices (4-5 fruits per bunch), at different heights and orientations in each bunch. The results show that the morphological and physicochemical characteristics vary from one cultivar to another. The dates of most cultivars have a combination of good and bad characteristics. The cultivar Tmar-Bousbaa has very high values for the characteristics weight, length, and diameter of the date and seed (23.16 g, 4.90 cm, 2.85 cm, and 1.53 g, 2.74 cm, 0.94 cm, respectively). The cultivars Takarnait and Halwa have high acidity, varying between 1.08 and 1.92 g/kg of fresh material and a pH of less than 5.46. The cultivar Bouarous has a low sugar content: less than 63%. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyse the whole dataset, revealing high variability among the cultivars. Thus, out of 14 characteristics investigated, ten have been shown to be strong discriminating factors.

scholarly journals First report of Fusarium proliferatum on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Jordan

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kholoud Alananbeh ◽  
Monther M Tahat ◽  
Haitham Al-Taweel
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Β Tubulin

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the world’s oldest cultivated fruit crops. In Jordan, date palm farming started in the 1990s. The major date palm planting areas are Jordan valley, Aqaba, and Azraq (Al Antary et al., 2015). ‘Medjool’ and ‘Barhi’ are the two major cultivars in Jordan. In early 2018, some 18- to 24- month old date palm trees (cv ‘Medjool’) showed light brownish discoloration and dryness symptoms on the leaves and branches of infected date palm trees at the Jordan University Agricultural Research Station (JUARS) at the Jordan Valley (GPS coordinates 32.086871, 35.597219) (Figure 1). All the leaf parts including leaf base, spines, and leaflets were wrinkled and malformed. The infection led to a loss of 1-2% out of 1100 total Medjool trees at the station. Similar symptoms were observed in many date palm farms in the Jordan Valley. Diseased samples from rachis tissue from the JUARS were collected, surface sterilized with 5% sodium hypochlorite for five minutes, rinsed with distilled water for three times, dried, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium (HIMEDIA). The plates were incubated at 25°C for seven days. After that, different fungal colonies were purified using the hyphal tip method. Mycelium of a representative isolate (FpDP2018JO-01) was harvested, DNA extracted using the CTAB protocol (Doyle and Doyle, 1990), amplified with three primers: ITS1/4 (White et al., 1990), β-tubulin and the elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1) gene regions. Amplicons were sequenced at Macrogen Inc, South Korea. Sequences were edited via MEGA 7 software (Kumar et al., 2016) and Blastn at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) which was used to search for similar accessions. The sequences were submitted to the GenBank and accession numbers were received for ITS1/2 (MK522076), β-tubulin (MK720958) and elongation factor 1 alpha (MW533146). The sequences were further used at the Fusarium MLST (https://fusarium.mycobank.org/) for identity confirmation. ITS1/4 and β-tubulin could not discriminate the species Fusarium proliferatum but EF1 – alpha could (Figure 2a-c; Supplement 1). For morphological identification, four representative F. proliferatum isolates (FpDP2018JO-01- FpDP2018JO-04) were used. Mycelium were white to dark purple in color, macroconidia (20.5 - 44.5 × 3.3 - 7.5 μm) were thin, slender, with 3-5 septa, and microconidia (4.3 – 12.1 × 2.5 – 4.3 μm) were thin and aseptate (Figure 3). Koch’s postulate was performed on one-year-old seedlings according to Abdalla et al., 2000 method using the same sequenced isolate (FpDP2018JO-01). Five plants were inoculated by injecting 2 mlof inoculum into the crown area using a hypodermic needle and syringe. The inoculum was prepared according to Abdalla et al. (2000). The control set of seedlings (n=5) were injected with sterile distilled water. The experiment was arranged in a CRD design. Symptoms were evaluated three months after inoculation. On seedlings, yellowing of leaflets, discoloration of spines and rachis, and dryness of leaves were observed. Control seedlings showed no symptoms. Re-isolation form the detached leaves and infected seedlings was conducted to satisfy Koch’s postulates. Fusarium sp. was confirmed to be F. proliferatum based on their microscopic characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first record of F. proliferatum on date palm in Jordan. Date palm in Jordan especially ‘Medjool’ is an important cash crop. Fusarium spp. is an important pathogen that could cause huge losses on date palm and other crops. In Jordan, the pathogen has been isolated from samples from six farms so far, but detailed studies have not been conducted. It would be of importance to survey date palm farms for fungal diseases, test their pathogenicity using several isolates, and characterize them for proper management strategies. F. proliferatum was isolated from roots and leaves of declining date palm trees from many regions of Saudi Arabia and caused symptoms similar to those of F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, the causal agent of Bayoud (Abdalla et al. 2000; Saleh et al. 2016). Notonly that, but F. proliferatum was found to have the highest colonization abilities on date palm leaflets and is becoming serious pathogen on date palm (Saleh et al. 2016

scholarly journals Use of Olive Mill Wastewaters as Bio-Insecticides for the Control of Potosia Opaca in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelilah Meddich ◽  
Abderrahim Boutasknit ◽  
Mohamed Anli ◽  
Meriame Ait Ahmed ◽  
Abdelilah El Abbassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
The North ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewaters ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Olive Mill

The date palm is one of the most economically important perennial plants of the North Africa and in Morocco, where it is extensively cultivated for food and many other commercial purposes. Palm trees are threatened by many pests such as Potosia opaca newly identified in Morocco, especially in Marrakesh and Errachidia regions. In addition, olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are an environmental problem in olive oil producing countries such as Morocco. Generally, these effluents are drained into ecosystems without any pre-treatment. To reduce their negative impact and to get benefits in particular from their high phenolic content, OMW were used as bio-insecticides in crude form. The results showed that crude OMW were effective to control this pest causing a weight loss similar to Cordus insecticide (17% vs. 15%) and mortality almost similar to Kemaban insecticide. OMW’s biocide potential was related principally to their high phenolic content. Based on HPLC analysis, ten phenolic molecules were identified, including two which were revealed as the major monomeric phenolic compounds in OMW, 0.248 g/L of hydroxytyrosol and 0.201 g/L of tyrosol. In this chapter, the potential use of OMW as bio-insecticides for the control of P. opaca in date palm is discussed.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic and Molecular Methods to Differentiate Gender in Immature Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif Khan ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽  
Muhammad Numan ◽  
Noor Mazin AbdulKareem ◽  
Fazal Mabood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L

Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is a well-known nutritious and economically important fruit tree found in arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa. Being diploid, it has extremely high divergence in gender, where sex differentiation in immature date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has remained an enigma in recent years. Herein, new robust infrared (near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR/ATR)) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods coupled with extensive chemometric analysis were used to identify the sex differentiation in immature date palm leaves. NIRS/FTIR reflectance and 1H-NMR profiling suggested that the signals of monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and/or disaccharides (maltose and sucrose) play key roles in sex differentiation. The three kinds of spectroscopic data were clearly differentiated among known and unknown male and female leaves via principal component and partial least square discriminant analyses. Furthermore, sex-specific genes and molecular markers obtained from the lower halves of LG12 chromosomes showed enhanced transcript accumulation of mPdIRDP52, mPdIRDP50, and PDK101 in females compared with in males. The phylogeny showed that the mPdIRD033, mPdIRD031, and mPdCIR032 markers formed distinctive clades with more than 70% similarity in gender differentiation. The three robust analyses provide an alternative tool to differentiate sex in date palm trees, which offers a solution to the long-standing challenge of dioecism and could enhance in situ tree propagation programs.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Substitusi Gula dengan Puree Kurma (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) terhadap Sifat Kimia, Mikrobiologi dan Hedonik Es Krim Kefir

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Rizqiati ◽  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
Nurwantoro Nurwantoro ◽  
Siti Susanti ◽  
Rani Widya Pramesthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Sour Taste ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Total Yeast

ABSTRAK. Kefir merupakan susu fermentasi yang belum banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena rasanya yang asam sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan pada produk kefir. Salah satunya dengan penggunaan kefir sebagai bahan baku es krim yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan minat masyarakat mengkonsumsi kefir. Karena rasanya yang asam, es krim kefir perlu ditambahkan pemanis yang dapat diperoleh dari buah buahan salah satunya adalah buah kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L). Buah kurma adalah buah yang memiliki kandungan gula yang cukup tinggi dan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pemanis alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi gula dengan puree buah kurma pada beberapa konsentrasi terhadap kadar gula, total padatan, total asam, total khamir, total BAL, total mikroba dan hedonik dari es krim kefir. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan puree buah kurma sebagai pemanis pada beberapa level yaitu 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa substitusi gula dengan puree buah kurma berpengaruh nyata (p0,05) terhadap kadar gula, total padatan, total asam es krim kefir, tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (p0,05) terhadap total khamir, total BAL dan total mikroba. Substitusi gula dengan puree buah kurma memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kesukaan rasa, warna, tekstur dan overall kesukaan es krim kefir, namun tidak terdapat pengaruh yang nyata terhadap aroma es krim kefir. (Effect of sugar substitution with dates puree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on the chemical, microbiological and hedonic properties of kefir ice cream) ABSTRACT. Kefir is a fermented milk that has not been in a great demand by people because of its sour taste, so it is necessary to develop kefir products. The use of kefir as a raw material for ice cream is expected to increase people’s interest to consume kefir. Because of its sour taste, kefir ice cream needs to be added with sweeteners which can be obtained from fruits, one of which is dates (Phoenix dactylifera L). Dates are a fruit that has a high enough sugar content and has the potential to be used as a natural sweetener. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sugar substitution with date palm puree with several concentrations on the value of sugar content, total solid, total acid, total yeast, total LAB, total microbes and hedonic from kefir ice cream. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with dates puree as a sweetener at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The results showed that the substitution of sugar with date palm puree had a significant effect (p0,05) on the sugar content, total solid, total acid of kefir ice cream, but did not have a significant effect (p0,05) on the total yeast, total LAB dan total microbes. Substitution of sugar with dates puree had a significant effect on the taste, color, texture and overall preference and there was no significant effect on the aroma of kefir ice cream.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Nano-Fertilization and Disper Osmotic in Treating the Salinity of Irrigation Water on the Chemical and Mineral Properties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.(

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem M. Abd ◽  
Ibtihaj H.H. Altemimy ◽  
Hareth M.A. Altemimy
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was conducted during the two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) in Date Palm Trees Station-Al-Hussinya District-Horticulture and, Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, Karbala Governorate. Two cultivars of date palm trees Zahdi and Khistawi were studied. The 27 palm trees for each cultivars were randomly selected, homogeneous in vegetative growth and similar in size and shape. The results showed that the Zahdi cultivar recorded a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll and proline which reached 0.939 mg.g-1 and 12.854. g-1, respectively. The Khistawi cultivar recorded a significant difference in the carbohydrate content of leaf which reached 9.564 µg.g-1 compared to Zahdi cultivar. The results were also showed that superiority of the concentration was 1 g. L-1. palm -1 in all studied characteristics. The study showed that in the concentration of 2 g. L-1. Palm-1 of disper osmotic had significant difference in the most of studied characteristics. Bilateral and triple inequalities have a significant moral effect in all studied characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of the seedling age and Compost to the growth of Palm Date Lulu (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Nursery and Investigation of Female Seedling on Soil of Sub-Optimal Land

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Siti Masreah Bernas ◽  
Maria Fitriana ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Siti Nurul Aidil Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Very High ◽  
Growth Ability

Bernas SM, Fitriana M, Wijaya A, Fitri SNA. 2020. Effect of the seedling age and compost to the growth of palm date lulu (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) nursery and investigation of female seedling. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(2): 199-207.Indonesia imported very high amount of date palm fruits about 9.99 million kg or US$ 13.18 M, because of that it is necessary to develop a research about date palm seedling nursery and investigation of female date, since this is a dioecious plant. The aim of this investigation was to find out characteristics of female date seedling and the effects of seedling age and compost on seedling growth. There were 2 steps in this research: the first was application of compost on seedling (without and plus compost treatments) and the age of seedling (15 and 30 days old) for transplanting into polybag, the growth ability of plant was monitored. The second step was transplanting seedling at 30 days old into pan for investigation female date, which 20 seedlings were planted in one pan and replicated 3 times.  Results showed that compost increased roots and leaves growth on seedling.  Transplanted at 30 days old seedling had the ability to grow about 95% compared to 15 days old was only 45%. It was found that female seedling was about 25% and the rest (75%) was male or sterile. It is needed further investigation on growing female seedling in the field and can it produce fruit.

scholarly journals Effect of Number leaves, Benzyl adenine Spraying on Characteristics of Date of Palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Fruits c.v Khidrawi and Mekkawy: تأثير عدد السعف والرش بالبنزل ادنين في صفات ثمار نخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. صنفي الخضراوي والمكاوي

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaleb Nasser Al-Shammari  -   Abdulhadi Hussain Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
The City

The study was carried out in one of the palm groves in the city of Baquba - Diyala province for the season 2016 on date palm varieties Khadrawi and Makkawi, In order to know the effect of the number of weakness by 8 and 10 (leaf.banuch-1) During operation pollination And sprayed by BA on bunch With concentrations 0, 50 and 100 mg.L-1 ,The spraying was done twice the first spray after three weeks of pollination and the second spray at the beginning of the Al-Khallal stage and their characteristics interactions in the physical, chemical, physiological and production. The results of the study showed that the treatment of leaves pruning 10 lafe. banuch-1 was significant increase on Fruit weight, size, water content, TSS, reduced sugar content, increased fruit ripeness. Spraying with BA has a concentration of 100 mg. L-1 to significant differences on Fruit weight, size, water content, TSS, increased fruit ripeness. The results of the study showed that the Makkawi class was significant increase on Fruit weight, size, water content, TSS, increased fruit ripeness. The overlap between leaves pruning (10 leaf. baunch-1) and sprayed with BA (100 mg. L-1), significant increase on Fruit weight, size, water content, TSS, increased fruit ripeness. The overlap between leaves pruning (10 leaf. baunch-1) and Makkawi class, significant increase on Fruit weight, size, water content, TSS, increased fruit ripeness. The overlap between Spraying with BA (100 mg. L-1) and Makkawi class, significant increase on Fruit weight, size, water content, TSS, increased fruit ripeness.    

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