scholarly journals PENEGAKAN HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DENGAN PARADIGMA PANCASILA TERHADAP TINDAKAN PENOLAKAN PEMAKAMAN JENAZAH KORBAN COVID – 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Marthin Fransisco Manihuruk
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Law

This study discusses the influence of law enforcement with the paradigm of Pancasila in addressing the action of the funeral of the dead bodies exposed to Covid-19. Rejection of the funeral of the body of the victim Covid-19 is contrary to the perspective of the law and also Pancasila. Law No. 4 of 1984 on the infectious disease outbreak clearly said that the act of disrupting the plague prevention efforts was contrary to the law and imposed criminal sanctions. While from the perspective of Pancasila, it can be seen that the funeral rejection Act Covid – 19, including into acts contrary to the values of Pancasila. Apart from being an ideology of state, Pancasila is also the source of any source of law of the country as listed in article 2 of the Law number 12 year 2011 concerning the establishment of legislation. The disapproval of the funeral of the Covid-19 bodies is contrary to the law and human rights as contained in Indonesia's legislation as in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The influence of law enforcement is certainly a very important factor in the enforcement and strengthening of values that correspond to the paradigm of PancasilaBAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Penelitian ini membahas tentang Pengaruh Penegakan Hukum dengan Paradigma Pancasila dalam menyikapi tindak penolakan Pemakaman Jenazah yang terpapar Covid -19. Tindakan penolakan Pemakaman jenazah dari korban Covid - 19 merupakan hal yang bertentangan dari perspektif hukum dan juga Pancasila. Undang-undang Nomor 4 tahun 1984 tentang Wabah Penyakit Menular jelas mengatakan bahwa tindakan yang mengganggu upaya penanggulangan wabah adalah bertentangan dengan hukum dan dikenakan sanksi Pidana. Sedangkan dari perspektif  Pancasila dapat dilihat bahwa Tindakan Penolakan Pemakaman Jenazah Covid – 19, termasuk ke dalam perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Selain sebagai Ideologi negara, Pancasila juga merupakan sumber dari segala sumber Hukum negara seperti yang tercantum di dalam pasal 2 Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Tindakan penolakan pemakaman jenazah Covid -19 merupakan perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan Hukum dan Hak Asasi manusia sebagaimana yang terdapat di dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia seperti di dalam Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia, Kovenan Internasional Hak-hak Sipil dan Politik. Pengaruh penegakan Hukum tentunya menjadi faktor yang sangat penting dalam penegakan dan penguatan kembali nilai-nilai yang sesuai dengan paradigma Pancasila.

How American International Lawyers Prepared for the San Francisco Bill of Rights

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis B. Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Law

Too much has been written lately about the limited approach to human rights at Dumbarton Oaks, the struggle at the San Francisco Conference, and the great flowering of declarations, conventions, covenants and instruments to implement them in the last fifty years. Instead of adding another retelling of these more than twice-told tales, this essay tries to look at the origin of two less known contributions to the law of human rights—the broad nondiscrimination clause which added a more practical meaning to the vague “human rights and fundamental freedoms” phrase; and the bold addition of economic and social rights to the more traditional civil and political rights.

s.IV Crimes, Ch.15 Enslavement as a Crime against Humanity: Some Doctrinal, Historical, and Theoretical Considerations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikundo Edwin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This chapter delves into one specific crime—enslavement as a crime against humanity. It argues that the law has drawn heavily on civil and political rights, neglecting economic, social, and cultural ones. The law surrounding slavery furthermore has drawn on some basic contrasts: notably separating the concept of ‘human’ (a human being) from ‘person’ (a bearer of legal personality and rights). Another distinction is between ‘status’ and ‘condition’. The law has tended to focus on status, i.e., legal non-recognition of personhood, which has affinities with civil and political rights. The chapter argues that the law has given much less attention to ‘condition’, which looks at the person’s material conditions in fact, and which has affinities with economic and social rights. A re-imagined law better encompassing economic and social rights would be more ideologically neutral, more in keeping with human rights law, and more in keeping with the lived experiences of African would-be migrants. Thus, this chapter emphasises that recognition in law is not enough; one must also look at the material conditions of life, the deprivation of which enables enslavement.

Triggering State Obligations Extraterritoriality: The Spatial Test in Certain Human Rights Treaties

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
State Obligations ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
Territorial Control ◽  
The Law ◽  
Spatial Test ◽  
Judicial Determinations

The spatial test for triggering the extraterritorial application of the main treaties on civil and political rights law has been the subject of significant judicial comment in recent years. This piece offers a critical evaluation of an important common theme in these judicial determinations: the suggestion that the spatial test is to be understood in a manner that covers a sub-set of extraterritorial activity involving territorial control occurring as a matter of fact. It provides a sustained explanation and critical evaluation of four different ways such a suggestion can be identified in some of the key judicial determinations on the issue of the extraterritorial application of treaties on civil and political rights generally. Since one of the other main areas of law potentially relevant to extraterritorial activity—the law of occupation—also uses a test of territorial control as a trigger for application, the interplay between the approaches taken in each area of law on the question of what type of control is required mediates the extent to which the fields of activity covered by the two areas of law overlap. Understanding the merit of the determinations concerning human rights law discussed in this piece is significant, then, not only on its own terms, but also because of its significance to the broader question of the overlap between human rights law and the law of occupation.

The Urgency of Protecting Netizen in Freedom of Speech on Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grandis Ayuning Priyanto ◽  
Martinus Sardi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Speak Up

Freedom of speech is a part of fundamental rights to every people. Nowadays, freedom of speech could not felt widely to all people. Freedom of speech developed until Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights assure and restrict freedom of speech. In Indonesia, since the rise of The Law of Information and Electronic Transaction, the restriction of freedom of speech become biased, many words in social media are presumably attack others. Netizen feels security to speak up is limited, such Ruslan Buton who critics and record about President Jokowi deemed as a hoax and hate speech. Even though some articles in 1945 Constitution have already protect and guarantee all people to bear the right to speak. The limitations of Freedom of speech in The Law of Information and Electronic Transaction emerge multi interpretation which the right to speak have not been correspond with the values in 1945 Constitution. To harmonize freedom of speech in Indonesia, it needs cooperation among government and people to eradicate ambiguity and fear in which already happen.By using juridical-normative method, the research aims to understand the condition of freedom of speech in Indonesia, and to understand the protection of netizen in using social media

scholarly journals KONSEKUENSI YURIDIS PENYIMPANGAN KEWENANGAN INTERSEPSI OLEH PENEGAK HUKUM

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Slamet Tri Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Police Action ◽  
The Law

Interception is an act that violates human rights is therefore authorized the interception can only be done by law enforcement officers. In reality interception authority by police to deviate from the provisions that have been mandated by law. This research is a normative legal normative juridical approach. The data collected is secondary data were analyzed using qualitative methods juridical analysis. Based on this study it can be concluded that the juridical consequences of the actions of police conduct authority lapses in implementing the interception an act that is against the law and may be subject to criminal sanctions, it is based on a systematic interpretation of Article 31 paragraph (3), the law enforcement officers who perform deviation authority interception the position equivalent to ordinary people who do the interception as stipulated in Article 31 paragraph (1). So the police action could be sanctioned as provided for in Article 31, paragraph 1 in conjunction with Article 47 of Law ITE. Keywords: Deviation, authorized, Interception, Law enforcement

scholarly journals Accountability of Law Enforcement Personnel for Human Rights Violations in Cameroon: Trends and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Avitus Agbor
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law Enforcement Personnel ◽  
Civil And Political Rights

Law enforcement personnel are critically important in both the security and criminal justice sectors. Unlike ordinary citizens, they possess the broad powers needed to perform the tasks in these sectors: for example, they possess the power to arrest and detain; to search premises and seize items; to interrogate individuals; to stop assemblies; to check and even to restrict the movements of people during certain times; and to use force and firearms in specific circumstances. In exercising such powers, they are required to act independently and judiciously. Also, they must stay within the remit of the law. Such powers, however, render them prone to committing human rights abuses since by their very nature, they interfere with the civil and political rights of individuals. In instances of violations they are expected to be held accountable. Accountability for law enforcement for human rights violations evokes and entails the notions of lawfulness and legitimacy. As legitimacy touches on the public perception of law enforcement personnel, it becomes vital to explore what mechanisms are put in place to ensure accountability as well as possible challenges that hamper it. Examining the notion of the accountability of law enforcement personnel in the context of Cameroon, this paper argues that selective accountability has been the trend which puts the country at quite a distance from its international human rights obligations. Informed by empirical evidence from credible governmental bodies, the paper identifies and assesses the legal framework on accountability, touching on a few instances of selective accountability, and argues that if lawfulness and legitimacy are to be the cornerstones of accountability, then a comprehensive approach must be considered, including the de-politicisation of law enforcement units in Cameroon.

scholarly journals EBIJAKAN NEGARA TERHADAP HUBUNGAN KONTRAKTUAL SEBAGAI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Zulfirman Zulfirman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Contractual Relationship ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
Contractual Obligations

Pasal 11 Kovenan Internasional Hak Sipil dan Hak Politik mewajibkan negara untuk menghormati, melindungi dan menegakkan hubungan kontraktual sebagai hak asasi manusia di Indonesia. Bagaimana kebijakan negara melindungi, menghormati dan menegakan hubungan kontraktual sebagai hak asasi manusia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tertier. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Penelitian melalui pendekatan filosifis yuridis normatif. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan metode penafsiran untuk menemukan nilai dasar atas hubungan kontraktual sebagai hak sipil bagian dari hak asasi manusia di Indonesia yang dijadikan dasar dalam penegakan hukum. Hubungan kontraktual sebagai hak sipil sudah diatur dalam Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Perdata sebelum diratifikasinya kovenan Internasional hak sipil dan hak politik. Negara Indonesia tidak konsekuen melaksanakan kovenan internasional hak sipil dan hak politik dengan memberi sanksi pidana kepada pelaku yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban kontraktualnya. Perlu dilakukan reposisi peran dan fungsi negara untuk perlindungan hak sipil sebagai kebijakan politik dalam pembentukan hukum dan penegakan hukum di masa datang.<p>Article 11 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights requires states to respect, protect and enforce contractual relations as human rights in Indonesia. How state policy to protect, respect and uphold the contractual relationship as human rights in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data consists of primary legal materials,secondary and tertiary legal materials. The data obtained through the study of literature. Research through juridical normative and philosophical approach. Data were analyzed qualitatively by using interpretative method to find the value of the basic civil rights of a contractual relationship as part of human rights in Indonesia were used as a basis for law enforcement. Contractual relationship as a civil rights set out in the draft of Civil Code before the ratification of the International Covenant on civil and political rights. Indonesian state does not consistently implement the international covenant of civil rights and political rights proved to sanction the perpetrators who did not fulfill its contractual obligations. Necessary to reposition the role and function of the state for the protection of civil rights as a political policy formation and law enforcement in the future.</p>

AS AUDIÊNCIAS DE CUSTÓDIA E SEUS REFLEXOS PARA A SOCIEDADE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cardoso Régis ◽  
Alexsandro Briedis
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

<p class="resumo">Depois de passadas mais de duas décadas da ratificação pelo Brasil da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos e do Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos as Audiências de Custódia são oportunamente implementadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça com o intuito de apurar possíveis arbitrariedades e ilegalidades perpetradas pelos agentes policiais na realização de prisões e consistem na apresentação imediata do preso em até vinte e quatro horas do momento da prisão à presença de um juiz de direito para que esse possa analisar os requisitos de autoria e materialidade bem como a necessidade da manutenção da prisão e uma vez declarado qualquer excesso pelos agentes da lei tem a competência de relaxar a prisão aplicando medida cautelar colocando em liberdade o preso e remetendo cópia dos autos para apuração das transgressões supostamente cometidas pelos policiais junto à repartição competente. As Audiência de Custódia ainda figuram sutilmente como mecanismo de controle do Poder Judiciário incumbido de apreciar a prisão em flagrante a fim de evitar injustiças legitimando assim suas decisões quanto ao cerceamento da liberdade do indivíduo submetido às sanções penais impostas pelo Estado Democrático de Direito. Ainda contribuem para desafogar o sistema carcerário brasileiro atualmente em situação de colapso ocasionado principalmente pelo grande número de presos provisórios que ainda aguardam por julgamento, uma vez que a prisão preventiva passa a ser decretada em casos excepcionais e de extrema necessidade.</p><p class="resumo"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Audiência de Custódia. Prisão preventiva. Ordem Pública.</p><h3>THE AUDITS OF CUSTODY AND ITS REFLECTIONS FOR SOCIETY</h3><div><p class="abstractCxSpFirst"><strong>Abstract: </strong>After more than two decades of Brazil's ratification of the American Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Custody Hearings are timely implemented by the National Justice Council in order to investigate possible arbitrariness and illegalities perpetrated by police officers in the execution of prisons and consists of the immediate presentation of the prisoner within twenty-four hours of the moment of the arrest to the presence of a judge of law so that it can analyze the requirements of authorship and materiality as well as the necessity of the maintenance of the prison and once declared any excess by law enforcement officers has the power to relax the prison by applying a precautionary measure by releasing the prisoner and submitting a copy of the records to determine the transgressions allegedly committed by the police at the competent office. The Hearing of Custody still figure subtly as a mechanism of control of the Judiciary Power charged with assessing the arrest in flagrante in order to avoid injustices thus legitimizing their decisions regarding the restriction of the freedom of the individual subject to criminal sanctions imposed by the Democratic State of Law. They still contribute to unburdening the Brazilian prison system currently in a state of collapse caused mainly by the large number of temporary prisoners still awaiting trial, since pre-trial detention is decreed in exceptional cases and in extreme need.</p><p class="abstractCxSpLast"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Custody Hearing. Pre-trial detention. Public order.</p></div>

Influence of the ICCPR in Asia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Judicial Discourse ◽  
International Human ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Impact

The golden jubilee of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) coincides with the emergence of Asia as a centre of global attention. However, greater attention to Asia has been accompanied by some scepticism over its attitude towards human rights. The chapter provides an overall assessment of the impact of the ICCPR on the major Asian States, with an analysis of the factors affecting such influence. The chapter considers the involvement in, observance of, and compliance with the provisions of the ICCPR by these States. It further delves into the academic and judicial discourse on the ICCPR within these States, recording the domestic disposition towards judgments of foreign courts, the output of the Human Rights Committee, and the work of other international human rights bodies. It makes suggestions for developing mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of the ICCPR and for creating databases to perform further research in the area.

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