scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical Profile of Bipolar and Unipolar Depression Patients- A Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Musuku Srikanth Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the clinical profile of unipolar and bipolar depressive patients. Subjects & Methods: 74 patients diagnosed with unipolar (40) and bipolar (34) depressive disorders were selected. Depressive cognitions, catatonic features, suicidal thoughts, anhedonia, pseudodementia, dissociative features, panic attacks, delusions, first-rank symptoms, auditory hallucinations, and affective reactivity were recorded. Results: Out of 74 patients, males were 32 and females were 42. Age of onset was 32.2 years in group I and 20.4 years in group II, total duration was 12.4 years in group I and 16.2 years in group II, the number of episodes was 3.4 and 7.1 in group II, the number of hospitalizations was 2.8 in group I and 5.2 in group II, suicidal thoughts were seen in 21 in group I and 24 in group II, anhedonia 10 in group I and 23 in group II, psuedodementia 7 in group I and 13 in group II, dissociative features were seen in 11 in group I and 27 in group II, delusions 4 in group I and 8 in group II, panic symptoms 10 in group I and 18 in group II and auditory hallucination 7 in group I and 18 in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that common clinical features were suicidal thoughts, dissociative features, and anhedonia.

Adaptive dose response pilot study of intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Bill ◽  
Heiko Nathues ◽  
Alexander Grahofer
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Meconium Staining

Abstract Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.

Clinical prognosis of associated forms of alcoholism with co-morbid brain impairment

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
N.A. Bokhan
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Traumatic Group ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Depressive States

ObjectiveIdentification of clinical differences of formation and prognosis of severity of associated forms of alcoholism in relevant variants of co-morbid brain impairment.Material and methodsWith clinical-psychopathological method we examined inpatient samples with stage 2 alcoholism with co-morbid traumatic (group I, n = 105); hypertensive (group II, n = 45) and vertebrogenic (spinal cord artery syndrome) (group III, n = 37) brain impairment. Control - 30 patients with alcoholism without co-morbid pathology.ResultsIn group I alcoholism is forming at early age in persons with pre-morbidly problematic social adaptation - in 62,2% conditioned by presence of excitable traits of the character. Dominance of dysphoria in intoxication and in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) predetermines formation of psychopath-like degradation with total and persistent social disadaptation. Beyond AWS, reactive lability, lingering asthenic-sub-depressive states with inclusion of dysphoric, hysteric-excitable components remain during low quality of remission. In group II later formation of alcoholism in 26,7% of cases was preceded by psychodisadaptive disturbances conditioned by pre-morbidly anxious constitution of personality. In structure of AWS anxious-phobic modality of depressive disorders against the background of cardiovascular manifestations of toxicogenic effects of ethanol determines development of torpid asthenic-depressive states (with cardiophobic and hypochondriac components). For patients from group III we have identified intermediary tempo of increasing of progression of alcoholism with obligate diencephalic psychovegetative, psychosensory and severe psychoorganic cognitive disorders against the background of asthenic, more seldom dysphoric variants of change of the personality.ConclusionPrognosis of associated forms of alcoholism is various in distinguished variants (traumatic, hypertensive, vertebrogenic) comorbid brain impairment.

scholarly journals Course trajectories of unipolar depressive disorders identified by latent class growth analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1383-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rhebergen ◽  
F. Lamers ◽  
J. Spijker ◽  
R. de Graaf ◽  
A. T. F. Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
Latent Class Growth Analysis ◽  
Latent Class Growth

BackgroundCurrent classification of unipolar depression reflects the idea that prognosis is essential. However, do DSM categories of major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymic disorder (Dysth) and double depression (DD=MDD+Dysth) indeed adequately represent clinically relevant course trajectories of unipolar depression? Our aim was to test DSM categories (MDD, Dysth and DD) in comparison with empirically derived prognostic categories, using a prospectively followed cohort of depressed patients.MethodA large sample (n=804) of out-patients with unipolar depression were derived from a prospective cohort study, the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Using latent class growth analysis (LCGA), empirically derived 2-year course trajectories were constructed. These were compared with DSM diagnoses and a wider set of putative predictors for class membership.ResultsFive course trajectories were identified, ranging from mild severity and rapid remission to high severity and chronic course trajectory. Contrary to expectations, more than 50% of Dysth and DD were allocated to classes with favorable course trajectories, suggesting that current DSM categories do not adequately represent course trajectories. The class with the most favorable course trajectory differed on several characteristics from other classes (younger age, more females, less childhood adversity, less somatic illnesses, lower neuroticism, higher extraversion). Older age, earlier age of onset and lower extraversion predicted poorest course trajectory.ConclusionsMDD, Dysth and DD did not adequately match empirically derived course trajectories for unipolar depression. For the future classification of unipolar depression, it may be wise to retain the larger, heterogeneous category of unipolar depression, adopting cross-cutting dimensions of severity and duration to further characterize patients.

scholarly journals Drainage of transudative pleural effusion: how does it affect weaning from mechanical ventilation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Said Gharraf ◽  
Alaa El Din AbdAllah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Successful Weaning ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Abstract Background Pleural collections of the transudative type occur frequently in patients who need mechanical ventilation (MV). Treatment of the etiology of the effusion takes a prolonged duration of time. The study intended to assess the effect of transudative effusion drainage through chest tube on the process of weaning from MV. Results No statistically significant difference was found between the two studied groups regarding age, sex, and comorbidities. Total duration of MV was significantly shorter in patients of group I compared with patients of group II (P = 0.002). Successful weaning from MV within 2 days after the start of the study was statistically significantly more achieved in patients of group I (56.7%) compared with patients of group II (23.3%) (P = 0.017). One and 3 days after beginning of the study, patients in group I showed a significant improvement in oxygenation as demonstrated by a statistically significantly higher value of PaO2/FiO2 ratio compared with patients of group II (P = 0.003 and 0.008, respectively). Conclusion More work is needed to determine the physiological benefits of transudate pleural effusion drainage and the effect of the specific procedure on the clinical parameters. Further studies are needed to study different modalities or tools of drainage of transudate effusion and the effect of each on the different clinical outcomes in comparison with each other to reach the optimum way of drainage of transudate effusion with the best results and least complications.

Efficacy of oral vs. intratympanic corticosteroids in sudden sensorineural hearing loss

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Swachia ◽  
Dinesh Sharma ◽  
Jatinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Oral Prednisone ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Group I ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe current standard treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) comprises of tapered course of oral corticosteroids. Intratympanic steroids are introduced as another modality of treatment, but management of SSNHL continues to be debatable. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of steroids given orally and by the intratympanic route.A prospective, randomized, open-labeled study was conducted involving 42 patients. These were randomly divided into two groups; group I patients received oral prednisone tapered over 14 days, and group II patients were treated with intratympanic methylprednisolone (40 mg/mL). One milliliter of the drug solution containing 40 mg of the drug (40 mg/mL) was injected into the middle ear cavity through the trans-tympanic route. The drug was injected twice a week for 2 weeks. The total duration of the study was 60 days, and hearing outcome was assessed on the basis of change in pure tone average.An improvement of 18.24±8.72 dB was recorded in group I patients treated with oral prednisone in comparison to 14.68±12.88 dB improvement in group II. Statistically significant improvement in hearing was observed in both groups, but it was not significant when group I and group II were compared.The post-treatment outcomes among patients who receive either oral prednisone or intratympanic methylprednisolone within 2 weeks of onset of symptoms were comparable. The outcomes were affected by degree of hearing loss and association of SSNHL with vertigo.

scholarly journals To compare the efficacy of drotaverine hydrochloride with hyoscine butylbroumide for increasing the rate of cervical dilatation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Kausar ◽  
Nikhat Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intergroup Difference ◽  
Hyoscine Butylbromide ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Significant Intergroup Difference ◽  
Group I ◽  
Drotaverine Hydrochloride ◽  
Group Ii

Background: In order to accelerate the labour apart from early amniotomy and early administration of oxytocin, the use of antispasmodic agents like drotaverine and hyoscine butylbromide to hasten the first stage of labor is a common practice. Considering the promising results of hyoscine butylbromide, the present study was planned to to compare the efficacy of drotaverine hydrochloride with hyoscine butylbroumide for increasing the rate of cervical dilatation.Methods: This prospective placebo-controlled crossover study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. The study was conducted on 60 women in labour who were randomly allocated to group I, group II and group III of 20 patients each.  In group I, no intervention was done and comprised the control group. The women in group II were injected intramuscularly one ampoule (20mg) of hyoscine butylbromide. The women in Group III were injected Inj. Drotavrine one ampoule (40mg) intramuscularly at 3 cm dilatation. The data collected was analysed using SPSS Version 15.0. Suitable statistical tests were applied.Results: Majority of subjects were aged between 21-30 years, were multipara and had spontaneous labour. Mean duration of first stage of labour ranged from 3 hoour 34 minutes (drotaverine hydrochloride) to 5 hour 45 minutes (control group) showing a significant intergroup difference. Mean total duration of labour ranged from 4 hr 11 minutes (drotaverine hydrochloride and hyoscine butylbromide groups) to 6 hr 26 minutes (control group) showing a significant intergroup difference (p <0.001). Majority of deliveries were full term normal deliveries.Conclusions: Both drotaverine hydrochloride and hyoscine butylbromide could effectively reduce first stage as well as total duration of labour. Further studies are recommended to establish the comparative efficacy in terms of a side effect profile and relatively efficacy in view of various clinico-demographic variables.

Comparative Evaluation of the Isoflurane-sparing Effects of Butorphanol and Pentazocine in Buffaloes Undergoing Diaphragmatic Herniorrhaphy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Yadav ◽  
R.N. Chaudhary ◽  
Rishipal Yadav ◽  
Deepak Kumar Tiwari ◽  
 Dinesh . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Minute Duration ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Balanced Anaesthesia

Background: Isoflurane is commonly used as an inhalant anaesthesia in animals. Foreign body syndrome ultimately results into diaphragmatic hernia which is common in buffaloes. Diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy is generally performed under isoflurane anaesthesia. But there are adverse effects of isoflurane like respiratory depression, hypotension, reduced cardiac output and its metabolites cause atmospheric pollution. So, the present study was planned with the hypothesis that inclusion of opioid analgesic in the balanced anaesthesia might have isoflurane sparing effect. Methods: The present study was conducted in 15 female buffaloes which were suffering from diaphragmatic hernia which was diagnosed by radiography and later confirmed on rumenotomy. Animals were randomly divided in three groups - group I (Atropine (0.04 mg/kg) - xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) - propofol (till effect) - isoflurane; AXPI), group II (Atropine - xylazine - butorphanol (0.03 mg/kg) - propofol - isoflurane; AXBPI) and group III (Atropine - xylazine - pentazocine (0.75 mg/kg) - propofol - isoflurane; AXPPI) having five animals in each. Group I was taken as control as no analgesic was used in anaesthetic combination for animals of this group. The total isoflurane vapour delivered (mL) for the total duration of anaesthesia was calculated and the values so obtained were equated to 400 kg body weight and 40 minute duration for each animal for statistical comparison.Result: The Mean volume of isoflurane (ml) utilized for group I (65.58±8.8) was significantly higher than in Group II (38.54±5.7) and Group III (41.01±4.8). There were no significant changes in the haematological and biochemical profile of these buffaloes among three groups.

scholarly journals Observation of dose dependent intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition – a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Grahofer ◽  
Ramona Bill ◽  
Heiko Nathues
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Meconium Staining ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel after the birth of the fourth piglet in sows. Twelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 0.5 mg; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV PGE2 application of 2.0 mg PGE2. Total duration of parturition (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval before and after treatment and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths.A significant dose-dependent effect of PGE2 after the fourth piglet in a linear regression model with group I, II and III on the total duration of parturition and the placenta expulsion duration was detected. An increase of the PGE2 dosage from 0 to 1 mg significantly reduced the total duration of parturition (group I: 553.7 ± 114.2; group II:456 ± 167.9; group III: 284.7 ± 40.5; p-value: 0.02) and placenta expulsion duration (group I: 364 ± 120; group II: 289 ± 144.1; group III: 119 ± 46.13; p-value: 0.03). Although no further significant differences between the groups using ANCOVA and a linear regression model including all groups were detected, severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group IV showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia after treatment, and intra-partum deaths were recorded.The best outcome for the sows and piglets was achieved using the 1 mg PGE2 dosage, whereas the other dosages showed more negative side effects, impairing the health and welfare of the animals. The results of this study can be used for further studies with larger sample sizes.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and pattern of bacterial isolates from bile aspirates of cholecystectomy patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4010
Author(s):  
Shewtank Goel ◽  
Pooja Tripathi Pandey ◽  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
Deval Kumar Arora ◽  
Nidhish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Antibiotic policy and appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis cannot be designed unless data is available about bacteria colonizing the bile associated with gall bladder disease.  Authors aim was to assess the clinical profile and pattern of bacterial isolates from bile aspirates of cholecystectomy patients seeking care at a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: Patients who underwent cholecystectomy for various hepatobiliary ailments during year 2017-18 formed the study population. Bile aspirates were collected during cholecystectomy and sent to the microbiology laboratory. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and MRCP were done to confirm the gall bladder pathology before surgery.Results: Out of total eighty-six patients, bacterial growth was observed in 28 (32.56%) subjects. As per division of bile samples, maximum number of study participants (39.29%) having bactibilia were seen in Group II. Group with second highest number of patients showing bactibilia was Group III with 9 subjects (32.14%). Eight subjects (28.57%) exhibited bacterial growth in bile aspirates in Group I subjects. Three patients (10.71%) showed bile infected with multiple bacteria i.e. polymicrobial infection. The gram-negative preponderance was seen in all the three groups with Escherichia coli being most common in group I and II. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in majority of the patients in group II and III.Conclusions: It is advised that all patients undergoing cholecystectomy must have their bile aspirated during cholecystectomy and sent for microbiological examination and culture. It will help in choosing appropriate antibiotic to prevent infection.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Levocetirizine, Prednisolone and their combination in the treatment of chronic urticaria: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Kanhaiah More ◽  
B. Samskar ◽  
G. B. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Urticaria results from many different stimuli and numerous factors like immunologic, non-immunologic, genetic and modulating factors which are involved in its pathogenesis and ultimately converge on mast cells and basophils to release mediators and produce urticarial lesions. This study is aimed to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of Levocetirizine (newer generation H1 blocker), prednisolone (glucocorticoid) and their combination in the treatment of chronic urticaria.Methods: Group I (34 patients received tab Levocetirizine alone 5mg daily for 15 days). Group II (33 patients received tab Prednisolone alone 20mg /day for initial 3 days and later dose was gradually tapered by 5mg /day every 3 days to 5mg/day with total duration of 12 days). Group III (33 patients received the combination of Levocetirizine and Prednisolone).Results: The Group -I patients average eosinophil count before and after treatment was 4±1.4 and 2.4±0.8 respectively, with an average difference of 1.7±1.3. In Group - II patients average eosinophil count before and after treatment was 4.0±1.1 and 2.5±0.3 respectively, with an average difference of 1.5±1.1. In the Group - III patients the average eosinophil count before and after treatment was 4.3±1.0 and 2.1±1.0 with an average difference of 2.2±1.3. In G-I (n=34).Conclusions: Statistical analysis of the present study showed that the combination of Levocetirizine and prednisolone therapy was significantly (P<0.05) greater than prednisolone alone therapy and improvement with Levocetirizine alone (79%) was almost similar to combination therapy (85%).

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