How Does Prevention of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Act Recognize and Treat People Living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 329-357
Author(s):  
Geunbae Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Quarraisha Abdool Karim ◽  
Urisha Singh ◽  
Cheryl Baxter ◽  
Salim S. Abdool Karim
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Living With Hiv

This chapter traces the history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from its origins, remarkable scientific advances, and unprecedented global responses through to the current state of the epidemic, progress towards ending acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and remaining challenges. It explains the origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2, the development of a surveillance system, and the viral structure. It outlines different antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV infections, and current drug research. The prevention of both mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission is outlined, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. The development of modern technologies and social media to help people living with HIV is covered. Programmes to modify behaviour and reduce risk from injecting drug use are explained.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS SEBAGAI “RUANG” PELAYANAN PASTORAL GEREJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Robinson Simanungkalit
Keyword(s):  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Church ◽  
Hiv Aids

It is important to explain some important things on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This study was aimed to to provide a proper understanding on the HIV/AIDS. Consequently, this study described what the HIV/AIDS is, the history of the emergence of HIV/AIDS, the transmission of HIV/AIDS, and the effects of HIV/AIDS on infected human. People infected with HIV and AIDS are referred to as PLWHA (People living with HIV and AIDS). They may be church citizens. Therefore, the church must not "turn a blind eye", but is required to be proactive in responding to people who have infected with HIV/AIDS.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Sangatlah penting untuk menjelaskan beberapa hal penting tentang HIV/AIDS guna memberikan pemahaman yang benar tentang HIV/AIDS. Dibutuhkan penjelasan tentang apa itu HIV/AIDS, Sejarah munculnya HIV/AIDS, Penularan HIV/AIDS dan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh HIV/AIDS terhadap orang- orang yang terinfeksi. Orang yang terinfeksi HIV dan AIDS itu disebut sebagai ODHA (Orang yang hidup dengan HIV dan AIDS). Mungkin saja mereka adalah warga gereja dan karena itu gereja tidak boleh “menutup mata” tetapi dituntut untuk proaktif dalam menyikapi keberadaan warganya yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, ODHA

Mechanisms of immune aging in HIV

2022 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Manon Chauvin ◽  
Delphine Sauce
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Massive CD4+ T-cell depletion as well as sustained immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection. In recent years, an emerging concept draws an intriguing parallel between HIV-1 infection and aging. Indeed, many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune subsets in HIV-infected individuals are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These changes, of which the presumed cause is the systemic immune activation established in patients, likely participate in the immuno-incompetence described with HIV progression. With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-seropositive patients can now live for many years despite chronic viral infection. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infections have given way to chronic diseases as the leading cause of death since HIV infection. Therefore, the comparison between HIV-1 infected patients and uninfected elderly individuals goes beyond the sole onset of immunosenescence and extends to the deterioration of several physiological functions related to inflammation and systemic aging. In light of this observation, it is interesting to understand the precise link between immune activation and aging in HIV-1 infection to figure out how to best care for people living with HIV (PLWH).

scholarly journals Reduction of CD4 count induces opportunistic infections in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashed Noor ◽  
Md. Morsalin ◽  
Bidhan Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a lentivirus (member of the retrovirus family) causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), weakens the immune system of the body and hence associates different opportunistic infections. Present study undertook a survey on opportunistic infections. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from both HIV carriers (CD4 count more than 250/mL of blood) and AIDS patients (CD4 count less than 250/mL of blood). Results: Analyses of the data revealed that diarrhoea, pulmonary tuberculosis, gland tuberculosis, skin lesions and fever were the common opportunistic infections. Conclusion: It can be summarized that HIV infected patients having a reduced CD4 count (<250/mL) encounter different opportunistic infections and some of these infections could be continual for long as well. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i3.19151 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(3) 2014 p.285-291

scholarly journals Psychiatric Co-morbidity in HIV/AIDS: A Neglected Issue

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Subedi ◽  
P Chalise ◽  
TK Aich ◽  
DK Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS epidemic remains among the most significant challenges to public healthcare systems worldwide . There are approximately 50,200 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Nepal among the total 33 million PLHAs . Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a significant cause of death and disability, especially in developing countries. Studies have shown that there is a bidirectional link between Mental illness and HIV/AIDS. However, mental illnesses are under detected in HIV/AIDS care settings. In spite of a good financial support from international partners, PLHA in Nepal do not receive necessary psychiatric services. Psychiatric illness in patients with HIV/AIDS has been associated with negative health behaviors and poorer clinical outcomes. This article, therefore, aims to highlight this issue among the stakeholders by reviewing the research on the topic in Nepal and making them aware of the need to DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9718  J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 6-10

scholarly journals Morte/morrer de pessoas com hiv: o olhar da enfermagem

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3337
Author(s):  
Amanda Regina da Silva Góis ◽  
Brígida Maria Gonçalves de Melo Brandão ◽  
Regina Celia de Oliveira ◽  
Solange Fátima Geraldo da Costa ◽  
Denize Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Hiv Aids

RESUMOObjetivo: descrever os conteúdos representacionais de profissionais da Enfermagem sobre a morte e o morrer de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, de campo, descritivo e exploratório, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado em sete Serviços de Assistência Especializada (SAE) em HIV/AIDS e um Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA, com 20 profissionais de enfermagem, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Analisaram-se as falas pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade Análise Categorial. Resultados: elegeram-se quatro categorias temáticas a partir da análise das falas: “O diagnóstico”; “Os significados da morte e do morrer”; “O enfrentamento dos profissionais da Enfermagem perante a morte e morrer de PVHIV” e “A morte dando lugar à possibilidade de vida”. Conclusão: incidem-se os conteúdos representacionais nas práticas em saúde e enfermagem desde a construção simbólica do adoecimento perante a possibilidade de morte relacionada ao HIV e às novas perspectivas de tratamento e promoção da saúde, sendo possível destacar o avanço do conhecimento científico dos profissionais de enfermagem, o que contribui para a sua assistência em saúde às PVHIV. Descritores: Enfermagem; Morte; HIV; Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Percepção Social; Promoção da Saúde.ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the representational contents of Nursing professionals about the death and dying of people living with HIV. Method: this is a qualitative, field-based, descriptive and exploratory study, based on the Theory of Social Representations, carried out in seven Specialized Assistance Services (SAS) in HIV / AIDS and a Testing and Counseling Center (TCC) with 20 nursing professionals, through a semi-structured interview. The speeches were analyzed by the technique of Content Analysis in the Categorical Analysis modality. Results: four thematic categories were chosen from the analysis of the lines: "The diagnosis"; "The meanings of death and dying"; "The confrontation of nursing professionals before death and die of PLHIV" and "Death giving way to the possibility of life". Conclusion: the focus was on the representational contents on health and nursing practices from the symbolic construction of illness to the possibility of death related to HIV and the new perspectives of treatment and health promotion, being possible to highlight the advance of the scientific knowledge of nursing professionals, which contributes to their health care to PLHIV. Descriptors: Nursing; Death; HIV; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Social Perception; Health Promotion.RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los contenidos representacionales de profesionales de Enfermería sobre la muerte y el morir de personas viviendo con VIH. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, de campo, descriptivo y exploratorio, fundamentado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, realizado en siete Servicios de Asistencia Especializada (SAE) en VIH / SIDA y un Centro de Pruebas y Asesoramiento (CTA, con 20 profesionales de enfermería, por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada. Se analizaron las hablas por la técnica de Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad Análisis Categorial. Resultados:  se elegieron cuatro categorias temáticas a partir del análisis de las hablas: “El diagnóstico”; “El significado de la muerte y del morir”; “El enfrentamiento de los profesionales de la enfermería ante la muerte y morir de PVHIV" y "La muerte dando lugar a la posibilidad de vida". Conclusión: se inciden los contenidos representacionales en las prácticas en salud y enfermería desde la construcción simbólica de la enfermedad ante la posibilidad de muerte relacionada al VIH y las nuevas perspectivas de tratamiento y promoción de la salud, siendo posible destacar el avance del conocimiento científico de los profesionales de enfermería, lo que contribuye a su asistencia en salud a las PVVIH. Descriptores: Enfermería; Muerte; VIH; Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida; Percepción Social; Promoción de la Salud.

scholarly journals Peripheral neuropathy in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on antiretroviral therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Joshua L ◽  
Medo M. Kuotsu ◽  
Nyamnyei Konyak ◽  
Ksh Birendra Singh ◽  
N. Biplab Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological complication in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is defined as the presence of neuropathic symptoms and at least an abnormal perception of vibrations of a 128 Hz tuning fork on the great toe or abnormal ankle reflexes or both. Brief peripheral neuropathy screening (BPNS) tool is employed in identifying HIV-SN based on a directed symptom questionnaire and limited clinical examination. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and drug regimens related to peripheral neuropathy in people living with HIV and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) so as to help improve the care for those on ART. The objective was to study the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in people living with HIV and AIDS on ART using AIDS clinical trials group validated BPNS tools.Methods: Cross-sectional study on 198 HIV-seropositive cases aged above 18 years on ART attending centre of excellence (CoE) ART centre, RIMS Imphal. The presence of peripheral neuropathy was examined by using a BPNS among the participants.Results: Peripheral neuropathy was found in 46 (23.2%) out of 198 participants using BPNS. In this study a positive association between the duration of treatment with ART and use of protease inhibitor regimes with the development of peripheral neuropathy was significant.Conclusions: Peripheral neuropathy in patient with HIV and AIDS on ART had significant association with duration of treatment with ART and use of protease inhibitor combination in the ART regime. 

scholarly journals Social representations of AIDS and their quotidian interfaces for people living with HIV

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Marcos Tosoli Gomes ◽  
Érika Machado Pinto Silva ◽  
Denize Cristina de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Continuous Use

This qualitative descriptive study, guided by the Social Representations Theory, aimed to describe the content of the social representations regarding the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) for seropositive individuals in outpatient monitoring of the public health network and to analyze the interface of the social representations of AIDS with the quotidian of the individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in the adherence to treatment process Interviews were conducted with 30 seropositive individuals and the manual content analysis technique was used. From the analysis, six categories emerged that re-translated the quotidian of seropositive people permeated by the stigma, prejudice, struggle for life and the need for the continuous use of antiretrovirals. AIDS was assimilated to chronic diseases such as diabetes, showing a trend of transformation of the social representation of AIDS, substituting the idea of death, with life. It is concluded that people living with HIV are more optimistic due to effective treatments for the control of the disease.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Lebanon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249025
Author(s):  
Lara Youssef ◽  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
Pascale Salameh ◽  
Michelle Cherfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Advocacy Campaigns ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background Up till today, studies carried in Lebanon have focused more on the prevalence of HIV and behaviors and quality of life of infected individuals, however, none of these studies discussed the degree of stigma towards these populations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the rate of stigma in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice towards patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) and examine the factors associated with this stigma. Methods A cross-sectional survey, enrolling 862 participants, was carried across the five governorates in Lebanon: Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North, South and Bekaa. The survey was a self-administered questionnaire which covered information about participants’ general demographics, their knowledge, attitudes, practices and awareness towards HIV/AIDS in Lebanon., attitudes towards PLWHA, practices related to HIV/AIDS and awareness regarding HIV/AIDS situation in Lebanon. Results The response rate to the survey was 78.36% (862 participants). Being Muslim (Beta = -2.56) or Druze (Beta = -2.64) compared to Christians were significantly associated with lower knowledge towards HIV/AIDS, whereas having a secondary (Beta = 2.71) and a university (Beta = 3.04) levels of education compared to illiteracy and higher age (Beta = 0.05) were significantly associated with higher knowledge. Higher knowledge (Beta = 0.66) was significantly associated with better attitude, whereas higher age (Beta = -0.14) and being Muslim compared to Christian (Beta = -3.44) were significantly associated with worse attitude. Better attitude (Beta = 0.02) was significantly associated with better practice, whereas females compared to males (Beta = -0.39), having a secondary level of education compared to illiteracy (Beta = -0.88) and being Muslim compared to Christian (Beta = -0.32) were significantly associated with worse practice. Conclusion Our results stress the need for educational programs, advocacy campaigns and policies to help reduce HIV stigma. This will then help start developing interventions and strategies for a possible reduction in the stigmatization level.

scholarly journals HIV Infection: What Should We Know?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Ridwan Balatif
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
To Come ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first known in 1981 in homosexual groups who had opportunistic infections and malignancies. In Indonesia the first AIDS case was reported in 1987 to a Dutch citizen living in the province of Bali. Cases of HIV infection in Indonesia are reported to increase every year and most occur at the age of 25-49 years. HIV transmission is not easily transmitted, even when an HIV-infected person takes antiretroviral drugs can reduce the risk of transmission by up to 96%. But one of the biggest challenges in managing HIV infection is facing stigma and discrimination. As many as 1 in 5 people living with HIV are afraid to come to the clinic because they will experience discrimination and stigma from the community if this condition occurs will cause treatment delay until PLWHA (People living with HIV/AIDS) will fall to the AIDS stage and PLWHA will be susceptible to opportunistic infections. A clinic in Namibia, when stigma and discrimination were successfully overcome, there was a 20% reduction in mortality in PLWHA

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