scholarly journals Reduction of CD4 count induces opportunistic infections in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashed Noor ◽  
Md. Morsalin ◽  
Bidhan Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a lentivirus (member of the retrovirus family) causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), weakens the immune system of the body and hence associates different opportunistic infections. Present study undertook a survey on opportunistic infections. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from both HIV carriers (CD4 count more than 250/mL of blood) and AIDS patients (CD4 count less than 250/mL of blood). Results: Analyses of the data revealed that diarrhoea, pulmonary tuberculosis, gland tuberculosis, skin lesions and fever were the common opportunistic infections. Conclusion: It can be summarized that HIV infected patients having a reduced CD4 count (<250/mL) encounter different opportunistic infections and some of these infections could be continual for long as well. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i3.19151 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(3) 2014 p.285-291

Mechanisms of immune aging in HIV

2022 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Manon Chauvin ◽  
Delphine Sauce
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Massive CD4+ T-cell depletion as well as sustained immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection. In recent years, an emerging concept draws an intriguing parallel between HIV-1 infection and aging. Indeed, many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune subsets in HIV-infected individuals are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These changes, of which the presumed cause is the systemic immune activation established in patients, likely participate in the immuno-incompetence described with HIV progression. With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-seropositive patients can now live for many years despite chronic viral infection. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infections have given way to chronic diseases as the leading cause of death since HIV infection. Therefore, the comparison between HIV-1 infected patients and uninfected elderly individuals goes beyond the sole onset of immunosenescence and extends to the deterioration of several physiological functions related to inflammation and systemic aging. In light of this observation, it is interesting to understand the precise link between immune activation and aging in HIV-1 infection to figure out how to best care for people living with HIV (PLWH).

scholarly journals Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in a Colombian patient living with HIV and poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván-Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos Alzate ◽  
Esteban Villegas ◽  
Sofía Giraldo ◽  
Jorge Botero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Cystoisospora belli is an intestinal Apicomplexan parasite associated with diarrheal illness and disseminated infections in humans, mainly immunocompromised individuals such as those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An irregular administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients may increase the risk of opportunistic infections like cystoisosporiasis.We describe here a case of C. belli infection in a Colombian HIV patient with chronic gastrointestinal syndrome and poor adherence to HAART. His clinical and parasitological cure was achieved with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Although a reduction in the number of C. belli cases has been observed since the use of HAART, this parasite still has to be considered as a differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in HIV/AIDS patients.Effective interventions enhancing adherence to HAART should be included in HIV patient care programs.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS SEBAGAI “RUANG” PELAYANAN PASTORAL GEREJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Robinson Simanungkalit
Keyword(s):  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Church ◽  
Hiv Aids

It is important to explain some important things on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This study was aimed to to provide a proper understanding on the HIV/AIDS. Consequently, this study described what the HIV/AIDS is, the history of the emergence of HIV/AIDS, the transmission of HIV/AIDS, and the effects of HIV/AIDS on infected human. People infected with HIV and AIDS are referred to as PLWHA (People living with HIV and AIDS). They may be church citizens. Therefore, the church must not "turn a blind eye", but is required to be proactive in responding to people who have infected with HIV/AIDS.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Sangatlah penting untuk menjelaskan beberapa hal penting tentang HIV/AIDS guna memberikan pemahaman yang benar tentang HIV/AIDS. Dibutuhkan penjelasan tentang apa itu HIV/AIDS, Sejarah munculnya HIV/AIDS, Penularan HIV/AIDS dan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh HIV/AIDS terhadap orang- orang yang terinfeksi. Orang yang terinfeksi HIV dan AIDS itu disebut sebagai ODHA (Orang yang hidup dengan HIV dan AIDS). Mungkin saja mereka adalah warga gereja dan karena itu gereja tidak boleh “menutup mata” tetapi dituntut untuk proaktif dalam menyikapi keberadaan warganya yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, ODHA

scholarly journals Psychiatric Co-morbidity in HIV/AIDS: A Neglected Issue

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Subedi ◽  
P Chalise ◽  
TK Aich ◽  
DK Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS epidemic remains among the most significant challenges to public healthcare systems worldwide . There are approximately 50,200 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Nepal among the total 33 million PLHAs . Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a significant cause of death and disability, especially in developing countries. Studies have shown that there is a bidirectional link between Mental illness and HIV/AIDS. However, mental illnesses are under detected in HIV/AIDS care settings. In spite of a good financial support from international partners, PLHA in Nepal do not receive necessary psychiatric services. Psychiatric illness in patients with HIV/AIDS has been associated with negative health behaviors and poorer clinical outcomes. This article, therefore, aims to highlight this issue among the stakeholders by reviewing the research on the topic in Nepal and making them aware of the need to DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9718  J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 6-10

scholarly journals Peripheral neuropathy in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on antiretroviral therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Joshua L ◽  
Medo M. Kuotsu ◽  
Nyamnyei Konyak ◽  
Ksh Birendra Singh ◽  
N. Biplab Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological complication in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is defined as the presence of neuropathic symptoms and at least an abnormal perception of vibrations of a 128 Hz tuning fork on the great toe or abnormal ankle reflexes or both. Brief peripheral neuropathy screening (BPNS) tool is employed in identifying HIV-SN based on a directed symptom questionnaire and limited clinical examination. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and drug regimens related to peripheral neuropathy in people living with HIV and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) so as to help improve the care for those on ART. The objective was to study the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in people living with HIV and AIDS on ART using AIDS clinical trials group validated BPNS tools.Methods: Cross-sectional study on 198 HIV-seropositive cases aged above 18 years on ART attending centre of excellence (CoE) ART centre, RIMS Imphal. The presence of peripheral neuropathy was examined by using a BPNS among the participants.Results: Peripheral neuropathy was found in 46 (23.2%) out of 198 participants using BPNS. In this study a positive association between the duration of treatment with ART and use of protease inhibitor regimes with the development of peripheral neuropathy was significant.Conclusions: Peripheral neuropathy in patient with HIV and AIDS on ART had significant association with duration of treatment with ART and use of protease inhibitor combination in the ART regime. 

scholarly journals INFEKSI OPORTUNISTIK PADA ODHA (ORANG DENAGN HIV/AIDS) TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MINUM ARV (Anti Retroviral) DI KOTA PALEMBANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Dion Atika Framasari ◽  
Rostika Flora ◽  
Rico Januar Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Background : Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that damages the immune system and CD4 cells. The stronger the virus in destroying CD4 cells, the body has a higher risk for various types of infections and some cancers. There is no cure for HIV / AIDS, but there are several drugs that can reduce or inhibit the multiplication of HIV in the body with antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Opportunistic infections (OI) are the leading cause of death in 90% of people living with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The massive increasing number of death from opportunistic infections contributes to AIDS. The purpose of this study was to analysis the relationship of oportunitical infections in PLWHA on arvs compliance within palembang city Method : This research was an observational study, with a cross sectional study design on februari until maret 2020. Data samples of 235 People with Hiv and Aids (PLWHA)  in Palembang were chosen by purposive random sampling. Results: The results showed that the proportion of adherence ARV in Palembang was 83%. respondents found 83% were male, age ranged between age 26-45 years as much as 72.3% with the most high school education 48.9%, entrepreneurs 34.5% and 54% are single. There is no significant relationship between opportunistic infections (OIs) experienced by PLWHAs against ARV compliance in the city of Palembang with (Pvalue 0.381;OR:0,675;95%CI: 0.328-1.392). There are as many as 62% of PLWHA who have comorbidities in the form of pulmonary TB out of all who have OIs Conclution : opportunitis infections (OIs) are not associated with ARV compliance, pulmonary tuberculosis is an opportunitis infection that was found in many of these studies Keyword : relationship; adherence; antiretroviral; ARV; HIV;AIDS; oportunistik infections; IO; pulmonary TB       ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adalah virus yang merusak sistem kekebalan dan sel CD4. Semakin kuat virus dalam menghancurkan sel CD4, tubuh memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk berbagai jenis infeksi. Tidak ada obat untuk HIV / AIDS, tetapi ada beberapa obat yang dapat mengurangi atau menghambat multiplikasi HIV dalam tubuh dengan terapi antiretroviral (ARV). Infeksi oportunistik (OI) adalah penyebab utama kematian pada 90% orang yang hidup dengan AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Meningkatnya jumlah kematian karena infeksi oportunistik berkontribusi pada AIDS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan infeksi oportunistik terhadap kepatuhan minum ARV pada Orang Dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA) di kota palembang   Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional, dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional pada bulan Februari sampai Maret 2020. Sampel data dari 235 ODHA di Palembang dipilih secara purposive random sampling. Hasil: Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa proporsi kepatuhan terhadap ARV di Palembang adalah 83%. sebanyak 83% adalah laki-laki, usia berkisar antara usia 26-45 tahun sebanyak 72,3% dengan pendidikan sekolah tinggi 48,9%, mayoritas Wiraswasta 34,5% dan 54% berstatus  lajang.Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara infeksi oportunistik (IO) yang dialami oleh Odha dengan kepatuhan ARV di kota Palembang dengan (Pvalue 0,381; OR: 0,675; 95% CI: 0,328-1,392). Ada sebanyak 62% ODHA yang memiliki penyakit penyerta berupa TB paru dari semua yang memiliki IO Kesimpulan: infeksi oportunistik (IO) tidak terkait dengan kepatuhan ARV, TB paru adalah infeksi oportunistik yang ditemukan dalam banyak penelitian ini. Kata kunci: hubungan; ketaatan; antiretroviral; ARV; HIV; AIDS; infeksi oportunistik; IO; TB paru

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Lebanon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249025
Author(s):  
Lara Youssef ◽  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
Pascale Salameh ◽  
Michelle Cherfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Advocacy Campaigns ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background Up till today, studies carried in Lebanon have focused more on the prevalence of HIV and behaviors and quality of life of infected individuals, however, none of these studies discussed the degree of stigma towards these populations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the rate of stigma in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice towards patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) and examine the factors associated with this stigma. Methods A cross-sectional survey, enrolling 862 participants, was carried across the five governorates in Lebanon: Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North, South and Bekaa. The survey was a self-administered questionnaire which covered information about participants’ general demographics, their knowledge, attitudes, practices and awareness towards HIV/AIDS in Lebanon., attitudes towards PLWHA, practices related to HIV/AIDS and awareness regarding HIV/AIDS situation in Lebanon. Results The response rate to the survey was 78.36% (862 participants). Being Muslim (Beta = -2.56) or Druze (Beta = -2.64) compared to Christians were significantly associated with lower knowledge towards HIV/AIDS, whereas having a secondary (Beta = 2.71) and a university (Beta = 3.04) levels of education compared to illiteracy and higher age (Beta = 0.05) were significantly associated with higher knowledge. Higher knowledge (Beta = 0.66) was significantly associated with better attitude, whereas higher age (Beta = -0.14) and being Muslim compared to Christian (Beta = -3.44) were significantly associated with worse attitude. Better attitude (Beta = 0.02) was significantly associated with better practice, whereas females compared to males (Beta = -0.39), having a secondary level of education compared to illiteracy (Beta = -0.88) and being Muslim compared to Christian (Beta = -0.32) were significantly associated with worse practice. Conclusion Our results stress the need for educational programs, advocacy campaigns and policies to help reduce HIV stigma. This will then help start developing interventions and strategies for a possible reduction in the stigmatization level.

scholarly journals HIV Infection: What Should We Know?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Ridwan Balatif
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
To Come ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first known in 1981 in homosexual groups who had opportunistic infections and malignancies. In Indonesia the first AIDS case was reported in 1987 to a Dutch citizen living in the province of Bali. Cases of HIV infection in Indonesia are reported to increase every year and most occur at the age of 25-49 years. HIV transmission is not easily transmitted, even when an HIV-infected person takes antiretroviral drugs can reduce the risk of transmission by up to 96%. But one of the biggest challenges in managing HIV infection is facing stigma and discrimination. As many as 1 in 5 people living with HIV are afraid to come to the clinic because they will experience discrimination and stigma from the community if this condition occurs will cause treatment delay until PLWHA (People living with HIV/AIDS) will fall to the AIDS stage and PLWHA will be susceptible to opportunistic infections. A clinic in Namibia, when stigma and discrimination were successfully overcome, there was a 20% reduction in mortality in PLWHA

Agencies and Mechanisms of Social Inclusion and Exclusion Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Mizoram

2021 ◽  
pp. 239448112110203
Author(s):  
Lalrempui Khawlhring ◽  
Lily Sangpui ◽  
Kanagaraj Easwaran
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Church ◽  
Hiv Aids

The association of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) with stigma and discrimination remain a challenge in combating HIV/AIDS. It pushes people to remain hidden with the potential to manifest in the future. This study aims to examine the agencies and mechanisms of social inclusion and exclusion among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the state of Mizoram. The study covers two districts of Mizoram, Lunglei and Saiha districts, selected purposively. Respondents were identified through different gateways like non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and hospital. A total of sixty respondents were interviewed, thirty respondents from each district selected proportionately. The study reveals that the same agencies which cater to the inclusion of PLWHA can also exclude them through different mechanisms. Agencies at primary and secondary level adopted a mixture of both inclusionary and exclusionary measures. At tertiary level NGOs, hospitals staff are seen to be more inclusionary than social institutions such as the church and youth associations. The study highlights the need for greater awareness on HIV/AIDS at the individual and community level.

scholarly journals A Profile Of Patients Registered At Art Centre At Surat Municipal Institute Of Medical Education & Research In Surat City, Gujarat, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
B Modi ◽  
P Patel ◽  
S Patel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: An estimated 2.4 million Indians are currently living with HIV. In India, the antiretroviral treatment program started with a free ART treatment in 2003. This study was conducted in order to understand the clinico-epidemiological profi le of patients attending ART centre and the effectiveness of the therapy. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at an ART center of Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), in Surat city of Gujarat State. The data of 2357 PLHAs (People Living with HIV/ AIDS) registered at ART centre in one year time duration starting from 21st January 2010 was included in the study. Results: Among the total 2357 subjects, 1483 (63%) were males. In our study 42.3% of patients were between 31 to 40 years of age. Among the employed subjects, 32.9% of patients were laborer. Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre (VCTC) was most common entry point of patient with 50% followed by private practitioner with 23% and NGOs with 6.2%. Other entry points are self referred, RNTCP etc. Tuberculosis and diarrhoea were the most common opportunistic infections. There was signifi cant improvement in CD4 count, bodyweight and functional status of the subjects after receiving the ART for an average duration of 6 months. Conclusion: The economically productive & sexually active people and those with lesser education are at higher risk of becoming sero-positive. The subjects showed signifi cant improvement after receiving ART with respect to the CD4 count and average body weight. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i2.5895 SAARCTB 2011; 8(2): 11-16

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