scholarly journals Rise of Turkey as a world power: Vision of Neo-Ottoman Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murk Lakhair ◽  
Ishrat Afshan Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
World Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The research explores the emergence of republic of turkey and its way of gaining the position from the central power to the emerging world power. Turkey in reality initiated to get the dominant position over region and influence over world after president Erdogan came into power whose pro-Islamic based policies brought many reforms in domestic and foreign policies.. In the war torn region president Erdogan policies has balanced the position of country in the region. The objectives of this research are to explore the facts about the Turkey’s way to the Neo-Ottoman Empire and its influence over international powers. This research also unfolds the changes in the global politics after Turkey’s position as a symbolic challenge for the world super and major powers. The research concerns with three main questions that are, how Turkey got significant position after many domestic and regional challenges? How president Erdogan would accomplish his future ambitions of Neo-Ottoman Empire and the last question refers to the post-Lausanne scenario in global politics. The research also provides the analysis over the Turkey’s pre-preparations for her dominancy over region and the political and economic benefits to the Turkey after revival of Neo-Ottoman Empire.The research explores the emergence of republic of turkey and its way of gaining the position from the central power to the emerging world power. Turkey in reality initiated to get the dominant position over region and influence over world after president Erdogan came into power whose pro-Islamic based policies brought many reforms in domestic and foreign policies.. In the war torn region president Erdogan policies has balanced the position of country in the region. The objectives of this research are to explore the facts about the Turkey’s way to the Neo-Ottoman Empire and its influence over international powers. This research also unfolds the changes in the global politics after Turkey’s position as a symbolic challenge for the world super and major powers. The research concerns with three main questions that are, how Turkey got significant position after many domestic and regional challenges? How president Erdogan would accomplish his future ambitions of Neo-Ottoman Empire and the last question refers to the post-Lausanne scenario in global politics. The research also provides the analysis over the Turkey’s pre-preparations for her dominancy over region and the political and economic benefits to the Turkey after revival of Neo-Ottoman Empire.

The autonomy of international organizations? The analysis of major powers’ influence over the World Bank’s aid policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110248
Author(s):  
Yooneui Kim ◽  
Youngwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Are international organizations autonomous actors in global politics? This paper investigates whether and how major powers influence the World Bank’s official development assistance policies. Despite the World Bank’s attempts to maintain independence from its member states, we argue that major powers are still influential. Testing this expectation with the data of official development assistance provisions between 1981 and 2017, we find that the World Bank provides a higher amount of official development assistance to the recipient countries that receive a higher amount of such assistance from the major powers such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan. In addition, the World Bank is prone to provide a higher amount of official development assistance to the recipients that have a similar preference to the major powers. This study sheds light on the relations between major powers and international organizations.

The strategic importance of Iraq in the international system

2019 ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Raedi Irheim Mohammed Shebani
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political System ◽  
International System ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
The Political ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Security Training ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times

Each country has a set of pillars that give the state its importance in the perceptions of other countries and Iraq has a geo-strategic location and cultural depth and symbolic civilization and its tremendous wealth is an important figure in the international calculations, the material and moral pillars affect the level of strategic importance regionally and internationally, and therefore Iraq has become the focus of attention and aspirations Major countries since ancient times, Iraq has the pillars of what makes it in the case of (international attractor) throughout the ages, therefore, Iraq has been the catalyst for competition between countries and influential in regional and international balances throughout history and after 2003 Lal American for Iraq, the perceptions of countries have changed the importance of Iraq regionally and internationally after the change of the political system in it and its exit from the war as a strategic vacuum that countries seek regionally and internationally to control and influence it, influencing it means influence and domination of the sources of its energy, which led to the growing importance in perceptions Most countries have found in changing the political system in Iraq a way to build new relations with him and get economic, military and strategic opportunities by achieving understanding with him, while others have had strong relations and alliances with the former Iraqi political system has lost this Alliances and relations with the emergence of the new political system and therefore began to employ internal crises and trying to restore relations and interests and alliances to the former with him and the competition of major powers in the world for the position of Iraq as a place for security training in the Middle East.

Agonising Liminality: A Study Of Orhan Pamuk’s Snow

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. Ezhugnayiru
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Unpleasant Experience

                      This article throws light on the distress a liminal experience could give for an individual or to a community who belong to a specific ethnicity, regarding the novel Snow written by the Turkish writer, Orhan Pamuk. Turkey located geographically in the edges of landscapes where the east and the west meet encounters this liminality over a couple of decades and stays as the setting of the novel Snow. In the liminal state, people fall in the breaks and crevices of the social structure which they think.The liminal stage individual encounters, a period of instability and vulnerability. Orhan Pamuk's Snow reflects the unpleasant experience of progress from the Islam arranged Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey. The setting of the novel, the town of Kars, a periphery city fringe to Turkey stands as a representative of Turkey's minimization from the world. Pamuk supplements the fruitless condition of the city all through this novel.

THE RECASTING OF THE OTTOMAN PUBLIC DEBT AND THE ABOLITION OF THE CAPITULATIONS REGIME IN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ACTION OF TURKEY LED BY MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi SIMONE
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
International Debt ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

The recast of the international debt contracted by the former Ottoman Empire and the overcoming of the capitulations regime that had afflicted Turkey for centuries, are two of the most relevant sectors in which the political and diplomatic action promoted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk has been expressed. Extremely relevant in this regard are the different disciplines established, respectively, by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 and then by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. After the Ottoman Government defaulted in 1875, an agreement (the Decree of Muharrem) was concluded in 1881 between the Ottoman Government and representatives of its foreign and domestic creditors for the resumption of payments on Ottoman bonds, and a European control of a part of the Imperial revenues was instituted through the Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt. At the same time, the Ottoman Empire was burdened by capitulations, conferring rights and privileges in favour of their subjects resident or trading in the Ottoman lands, following the policy towards European States of the Byzantine Empire. According to these capitulations, traders entering the Ottoman Empire were exempt from local prosecution, local taxation, local conscription, and the searching of their domicile. The capitulations were initially made during the Ottoman Empire’s military dominance, to entice and encourage commercial exchanges with Western merchants. However, after dominance shifted to Europe, significant economic and political advantages were granted to the European Powers by the Ottoman Empire. Both regimes, substantially maintained by the Treaty of Sèvres, were considered unacceptable by the Nationalist Movement led by Mustafa Kemal and therefore became the subject of negotiations during the Conference of Lausanne. The definitive overcoming of both of them, therefore represents one of the most evident examples of the reacquisition of the full sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey.

Beyond privatization: pension reform in the Czech Republic and Slovenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Muller
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

Research on the political economy of pension reform has focused on the recent wave of pension privatizations in the post-socialist region. This paper is motivated by the need to shed more light on cases where radical reform was rejected. Pension privatization did not proceed when the World Bank and the Ministry of Finance - important advocates of radical reform - were absent from the pension reform arena and the Ministry of Social Affairs was the only relevant reform actor. Moreover, unions need not be secondary actors, but may effectively veto pension privatization. The paper highlights the importance of the specific political and economic conditions that may constrain the leeway of pension reform actors, while also discussing the global politics of attention.

Heine’s Law and Jewish Foreign Policies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
The Political ◽  
American Jews ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Policies

This chapter offers a manual for understanding the foreign policies of the American Jews, exploring how their beliefs were an outgrowth of, primarily, the American experience, and, secondarily, the world. It begins by situating American Jews in historical context, contrasting their history with that of the Jews of Western and Eastern Europe, and highlighting how the American experience explains American Jewry's affinity for liberalism and non-Orthodox Jewry. These commitments explain the rise and endurance of the political theology of Prophetic Judaism, which, in turn, explains American Jews' cosmopolitan sensibility when addressing the Jewish Problem and the Jewish Question. The chapter ends with a discussion of the foreign policy of a transnational people and considers how the foreign policy process is informed by the linking of identity, interests, and institutions.

From a Privileged Community to a Minority Community: The Orthodox Community of Beirut through the Newspaper Al-Hadiyya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad Slim
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
French Mandate ◽  
The World

This chapter examines al-Hadiyya, the newspaper relaunched in 1921 in a dramatically different political context following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the installation of the French Mandate. Earlier Orthodox newspapers published by the diocese of Beirut and its community had been primarily religious and cultural in orientation. Al-Hadiyya took on a much more ambitious approach. Through an analysis of its leading articles, the chapter explores the political questions and the sociopolitical problems of the time, examining the astonishing range of topics covered, among them the issue of minorities, the participation of emigrants in political life, population transfers, foreign influence and the shock of the Bolshevik Revolution. Vital economic subjects were also tackled, from the Lebanese state budget to issues of the world economy.

scholarly journals You Tube Effect and Its Impact on Global Politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Stoilova
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Video Sharing ◽  
The World

Abstract The world has been actively transformed, passing through different political, diplomatic and military formats. Configurations have been changing, but the main players remain in the field of geopolitics and global security issues. There are different opinions about the Internet and its impact on global politics. It is an undeniable fact that more than 20 years after the CNN effect became a subject for debate and analysis, YouTube also affects the political process in the world in ways that go beyond the ordinary video sharing.

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