scholarly journals The Republic of Kazakhstan: Initiator Of The Organization Of Turkic States

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teoman Ertuğrul Tulun
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Distinguished Member

The Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States (Turkic Council) was founded on October 3, 2009, in Nakhchivan as an international organization to promote comprehensive cooperation among the Turkic States. The founding members of the Organization of Turkic States are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey. The Organization of Turkic States was founded in November 2021 in the Turkic Council's 8th Summit in Istanbul. In this context, it is possible to say that the Organization of Turkic States has been the culmination of the "Heads of State Summits of Turkish Speaking Countries" since 1992. Kazakhstan is a distinguished member of the Organization of Turkic States. The stability and peace of Kazakhstan is of foremost importance not only in the context of Central Asia but also in terms of security and stability for the Turkic world. In this context, the developments that caused turmoil in Kazakhstan are closely followed by the Organization of Turkic States. We wish that the coming days will bring peace, tranquility and stability to Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals The Contribution of the International Organization of Francophonie in Cultural Matter in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-362
Author(s):  
Hortense Kouya Kouya ◽  
Dominique Oba
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
International Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Heads Of State

Colonization has had a lasting impact on African life. This movement instilled a new culture within these colonies. Among these African countries is the Congo. On the whole, these countries have experienced some disputes near where it was a question of meeting around an international body which is none other than the Francophonie for the countries or states colonized by France. It is in this sense that under the leadership of three African Heads of State,Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia and Hamani Diori from Niger, and of Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, the representatives of 21 states and governments signed in Niamey, on March 20, 1970, the convention establishing the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT). New intergovernmental organization based on the sharing of a common language, French. The Congo being colonized by France adheres to the International Organization of Francophonie on December 7 to 9, 1981, during the general conference held in Libreville, Gabon. And the Congolese government has come to understand that ensuring a better vision on culture and politics can lead the Congo to sustainable development. Hence the need for the Congolese state to cooperate with the International Organization of Francophonie for better visibility for the cultural and political promotion of the country. This is what the subject of our study is: the contribution of the OIF in cultural and political matters in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016. 

REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION: INTEGRATION OPPORTUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Nabi Ziyadullayev ◽  
◽  
Ulugbek Ziyadullayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cis Countries

The article reveals the features of the international trade, economic and integration priorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The conceptual approaches to joining the WTO, diversification of the geography and structure of foreign trade, as well as the expansion of foreign economic cooperation with world and regional powers, the CIS countries and Central Asia are substantiated. Particular attention is paid to risks and building vectors for effective interaction with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), as well as mitigating the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the national economy.

FUNDAMENTAL CAPITAL FINANCING OF PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Farrux Zulfiyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Equity Financing ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability

This article is based on the principles of shared financing of the production of raw materials. The article is aimed at financing the production of capital on the basis of equity in order to further strengthen the stability of economic reforms in the republic. At the same time, the essence of equity financing, the risks associated with it, and the efficiency of raw materials are covered

INFORMATION ASPECT OF THE FORMATION OF THE ANTI-TERRORIST EURASIAN SPACE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. KHOPERSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Special Services ◽  
State Commission ◽  
The Republic

The article deals with the problem of completeness of information on measures to counter terrorism and extremism taken by the labor-surplus states of Central Asia. With the help of some former labor migrants, a new model of terrorism (IS 2.0) is being developed based on the use of pendulum migration of radical Islamists to the countries of Central Asia and Russia, such Islamists serve as the core of various extremist organizations. A serious problem for the Russian experts is that none of the countries (Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan or Uzbekistan) sending labor migrants to Russia publishes complex information each country publishes mainly statistical or regulatory information or news. For example, not all official documents are available in Tajikistan or Uzbekistan and it is difficult to obtain official statistics in Uzbekistan or Kyrgyzstan. Nevertheless, the analysis of the disparate experience of the three countries, among which we can highlight the purposeful work with labor migrants carried out by the representative offices of the Republic of Tajikistan abroad the courses for imams of mosques and clerics on the prevention of radicalization of the population organized by the State Commission for religious affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic and the system of social rehabilitation of repentant extremists in Uzbekistan prove the need for relevant information in a certain standardized form. The main sources of information used in the article are documents of the UN, the CIS Anti-Terrorist Center, speeches of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan containing statistical information, news information from the websites of the special services of the Kyrgyz Republic and legal documents of Uzbekistan. The article substantiates the conclusion about the need to highlight the information aspect in the formation of the anti-terrorist Eurasian space, the relevance of which was discussed at the Council of the CSTO Parliamentary Assembly in May 2019.

Central Asia: International Relations As A Factor Of Regional Stability And Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
B.O. Berdiyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The Stability

The article is devoted to the issues of interethnic relations in Central Asia, the need for integration and cooperation between states, external influences, information impacts on the peoples of the region, border issues, overpopulation, ethnic issues and their impact on the stability of the region.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF REFORMS IN THE NEW UZBEK-CHINESE RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Shoazim Ibragimovich Shazamanov ◽  
◽  
Anri Abdullaevich Sharapov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Chinese Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
China Study

The article focuses on the following aspects of the issue: the pragmatic policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in world politics and the analysis of their features; Documents defining the relations between Uzbekistan and China; study the aspects ofcooperation for peaceful coexistence and development; analysis of the ideas of Uzbek and Chinese researchers on the relations between the two countries; General aspects of reforms in Uzbekistan and China; Capital investments of Chinese entrepreneurs in the development of the Uzbek economy in the regions of the country; cooperation in the field of military, tourism, as well as the policy of the PRC on railway transit with Central Asia to Europe

scholarly journals Konsistensi Indonesia sebagai Kekuatan Menengah: Studi Kasus Respon Deterrence di Natuna

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Amy Debora
Keyword(s):  
Coast Guard ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Conflict Escalation ◽  
Middle Power ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
China Coast

As Jakarta is working to resolve the South China Sea (SCS) territorial dispute through its role as an honest broker, Beijing seems to lead the SCS conflict right into the foremost defense of the Republic of Indonesia. This is indicated by the China Coast Guard (CCG) aggressive actions in guarding illegal fishing in Natuna Sea. The conflict escalation raises the question of whether Natuna will enter into the SCS territorial dispute. However, these concerns did not occur due to the appropriate response of Jakarta in maintaining the stability of the region without undermining its defense of its territorial sovereignty. Significantly strengthening the defense in Natuna does not create a security dilemma for ASEAN member countries as it is done in conjunction with the border diplomacy effort. This shows the success of border diplomacy as indirect deterrence against China. This paper will be divided into 4 sections, first the author will give an overview of the SCS conflict and the threats to maritime security in Natuna. Next will be described the concept of ‘middlepowermanship’ according to Cooper, Higgot and Nossal who states that the middle power is reflected from the characteristics of foreign policy. This paper finds that the response reflects the Indonesia’s consistency as a middle power. Proved by Indonesia’s niche diplomacy under Jokowi administration, as well as the role of Jakarta as coalition builder for ASEAN.

Influence of 6PPD Stabilizer on Climatic Stability of Rubbers Based on Butadiene-Nitrile and Epichlorohydrin Rubbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
M.D. Sokolova ◽  
A.F. Fedorova ◽  
M.L. Davydova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Fluids ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Butadiene Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Hydrocarbon Media

The present paper outlines the results of full-scale tests of climatic stability and the study of resistance to the action of hydrocarbon media of rubbers based on BNKS-18-18 (butadiene-nitrile rubber) and Hydrin T6000 epichlorohydrin rubber containing one of 6PPDstabilizerwith an aromatic amine moiety widely used in synthetic rubbers. Samples are exposed in an open ground under natural conditions of exposure to climatic external factors of Yakutsk in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as in the oil environment of Talakanskoye field and I-50A hydraulic fluid in an unheated room. Such indexes of the samples as conditional tensile strength, elongation at rupture, hardness and degree of swelling are measured to determine the resistance of rubbers to aging after the first, third, and sixth months of exposing. The results of the study reveal the contribution of 6PPD stabilizer in maintaining the stability of the physical and mechanical properties of BNKS-18: rubber containing 6PPD has less property changes both in the open air and in hydrocarbon media compared to rubber without a stabilizer. It should be noted that the oil environment is the most aggressive environment, the swelling of rubbers in oil leads to a significant reduction in strength due to a decrease in intermolecular interaction.6PPD stabilizer occurred less effective for the rubber based on Hydrin T6000: changes in properties of the samples containing the stabilizer are larger than those of the samples without the stabilizer. However, unlike BNKS-18-18-based rubber, the swelling of rubber based on Hydrin T6000 led to the greatest stability of the physical and mechanical properties in the oil environment compared to the open air and hydraulic fluids.

scholarly journals Kazakh

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Adam G. McCollum ◽  
Si Chen
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
The Republic

Kazakh (ISO 639-3, kaz) is a Kipchak (Northwestern) Turkic language with approximately ten million speakers (Muhamedowa 2015). While the majority of Kazakh speakers live in the Republic of Kazakhstan, significant Kazakh-speaking populations exist throughout Central Asia. See Figure 1 for a map of the region. Kazakh spoken in Kazakhstan is described as having three or four dialects, but many researchers agree that differences between dialects are small and largely lexical (Kara 2002, Grenoble 2003, Muhamedowa 2015; see Amanzholov 1959 for more on Kazakh dialects).

Sejm i Senat wobec wyzwań Unii Europejskiej

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Ilona Grądzka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The article’s goal is to present the consequences of Polish membership in the European Union (EU) for the functioning of the Polish Sejm and Senate at the national and international level. Polish accession to the European Union resulted in changes to the scope of competences of certain organs of the Republic of Poland. This was related to the transfer of specific state competences to an international organization and it applied, in particular, to the Polish Parliament (the Sejm and Senate) which has lost its primary role as legislator of laws applicable in Poland. In order to avoid the marginalization of national parliaments in the EU decision-making process, appropriate legal measures have been introduced at the national and international level. Additionally, after the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force, national parliaments have received new competences which allowed them to exist on the forum of the European Union. The article puts forward the thesis that the Polish Sejm and Senate have lost their position as main legislative bodies at the national level but, at the same time, they have acquired a new European function which can neither be qualified as traditionally understood legislative nor controlling functions.

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