scholarly journals Historical Perspective of Gender Typed Participation in the Performing Arts in Sri Lanka During the Pre- Colonial, The Colonial Era, and the Post- Colonial Eras

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Winojith Sanjeewa
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Performing Art

When the Sri Lankan performing art was analysed, a clear-cut difference in gender-typed participation in dancing, singing, playing music, and the traditional rituals (such as Shanthi karma) can be identified. Furthermore, this research has found that gender roles in performance have evolved through time. It can be seen how the existence of -Hindu- Buddhist practices from Vijaya’s arrival to Sri Lanka in 543 BCE to the period of Portuguese who conquered Sri Lanka in 1505 CE takes a new facet in the colonial period and the post-colonial period blending with the European concepts. It can be analysed as follows, First, the changes occurred in masculinity, femininity, or the concepts of Tandava, and Lasya, then the rituals relating to concepts of Divinity in the pre-colonial period, then the changing constructs and perspectives regarding gender performances in the colonial period and the gender shifts and gender synthesis in the post-colonial period.

scholarly journals Failure to Meet up to Expectation: Examining Women’s Activist Groups in the Post-Colonial Period in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Adebukola Dagunduro ◽  
Adebimpe Adenugba
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Women's Groups ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Liberal Feminism ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Women’S Groups ◽  
Activist Groups

AbstractWomen’s activism within various ethnic groups in Nigeria dates back to the pre-colonial era, with notable heroic leaders, like Moremi of Ife, Amina of Zaria, Emotan of Benin, Funmilayo Kuti, Margaret Ekpo and many others. The participation of Nigerian women in the Beijing Conference of 1995 led to a stronger voice for women in the political landscape. Several women’s rights groups have sprung up in the country over the years. Notable among them are the Federation of Nigerian Women’s Societies (FNWS), Women in Nigeria (WIN), Kudirat Initiative for Democracy (KIND) and Female in Nigeria (FIN). However, majority have failed to actualize significant political, social or economic growth. This paper examines the challenges and factors leading to their inability to live up to people’s expectations. Guided by patriarchy and liberal feminism theories, this paper utilizes both historical and descriptive methods to examine these factors. The paper argues that a lack of solidarity among women’s groups, financial constraints, unfavourable political and social practices led to the inability of women’s groups in Nigeria to live up to the envisaged expectations. The paper concludes that, for women’s activist groups to survive in Nigeria, a quiet but significant social revolution is necessary among women. Government should also formulate and implement policies that will empower women politically, economically and socially.

scholarly journals Traditional Institutions and Socio-economic Development in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-552
Author(s):  
Bolaji Omitola ◽  
Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde ◽  
Adetola Omitola
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Institutions

Traditional institutions held pre-eminence positions in the pre-colonial societies in Nigeria. The level of order witnessed during this period was a testimony to the invaluable roles played by the traditional rulers in administering their different empires, kingdoms and communities. However, during the colonial era, the position of traditional rulers was compromised as they became mere stooges of the colonial power. The post-colonial period saw the traditional rulers’ roles diminished as they were given advisory roles in previous constitutions and with no single role in the 1999 Constitution. Thus, for the continuous relevance of the traditional institutions, there is a need for re-examination of their roles in the country. This chapter argues for community based developmental roles for the traditional rulers in the country. These include promotion of tourism development, encouraging modern agricultural development, maintenance of peaceful co-existence among the people of their domain and settlers from other parts of the country, providing platform for alternative dispute resolution, monitoring the activities of the various vigilante groups and other unconventional security apparatus in their communities and lastly partnering the security operatives through intelligence gathering within their domains for effective operations of security outfits in serving the people better.

scholarly journals Recognition of Transgender Community in Domestic Legal Regime: A Comparative Analysis between Sri Lanka and India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Aruni Hemanthi Wijayath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Western World ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Transgender Identity ◽  
The People ◽  
Third Gender ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Indian Supreme Court

Transgender is an Umbrella term to define the people whose gender identity and gender expression differ from their gender assign at birth. At present, the concept of transgender has acquired a great attention in the western world and the number of territories legally validate the transgender community and their rights through national legislations. Concerning South Asian context, the third gender concept is recognized by the Indian Supreme Court but unfortunately, the legal system of Sri Lanka is reluctant to amend the laws to ameliorate the position of the transgender community. This research mainly focused on transgender identity and the laws relating to the transgender community in Sri Lanka and India. The purpose of the research is to examine the existing laws relating to transgender identity in both countries. Moreover, this piece of work tries to identify the contribution of law in improving the position of the transgender community in these territories. Further, this work mainly used the comparative research method and based on internet retrieved documents. Through this work it suggests and identifies the ways and means to improve the condition of Sri Lankan transgender community. Recommendations will be made in this respect. Keywords: transgender community, third gender, legal system, legal recognition, society

Some Observations on Agrarian Life and Performing Arts in Today’s Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Saman Panapitiya
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Agricultural Society ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Working Processes

The main objective of the article is to present some observations on the singing styles that have been used in relation to Agrarian Life in Sri Lanka. They were sung until the late 1990s by people who were employed in agriculture or who were peasants themselves. Today’s commercial entertainment singers, in the 21st century, are performing these poems with great enthusiasm using audio-visual media. It is questionable whether they are well aware of the environment related to those songs. The agricultural society that promoted these songs has been widely transformed through changed working processes and demographic shifts. Therefore, the modern society is in a position where stage performers cannot have a real experience of these past times. This study is to observe and investigate the specific musical features of those songs that have been transmitted over the centuries. These observations may help to increase a conscious dealing with musical traditions in the context of Sri Lankan agrarian life and their future representation.

The Cartography of Culture Zones

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Buddhist Music ◽  
Traditional Cultures

This chapter criticizes the “cartography of culture zones”—the standard way cultural history is described in Sri Lanka—which locates traditional cultures in ethnically defined, regionally based culture zones. First, the chapter expands on the book’s previous exploration of Sinhala and Tamil musics by introducing the musics of Sri Lankan Muslims (an ethnic and religious category), Christians (a heterogenous religious category), Burghers (Eurasians), Kaffirs (Sri Lankans of African descent), and Väddas (the indigenous population). The chapter argues that scholars tend to adopt the European-derived idea that music belongs distinctly to humans with cultural histories rigidly demarcated along ethnic, religious, and regional lines. The chapter then traces histories of musical connection between Sri Lankan communities and culture zones. All the same, the chapter avoids debunking Sinhala Buddhist music as “Hindu” in character (a mistake of colonial era scholarship). The chapter respects difference while arguing for the importance in the Sri Lankan public sphere of recognizing connections.

scholarly journals English Education in Sri Lanka With Emphasis on English Medium Instruction at Secondary And Tertiary Levels: The Past, Present And Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Abdul Majeed Mohamed Navaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Education System ◽  
English Education ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
English Medium Instruction

This paper focuses on the education system of Sri Lanka in the post-colonial and contemporary periods with a focus on English education. This review briefly explains how the changes were made by colonial rulers to introduce English education into the tiny island and how the local rulers attempted to diminish the importance of English education in the country in the post-colonial period. This review also assesses the reintroduction of English education and analyses different reasons for the changing roles of English education. Finally, this review explores the English Medium Instruction (EMI) at both secondary and tertiary levels and the underlying reasons for the success and failures of the EMI. Some brief suggestions are also made to overcome the present challenges in the system. Initially, this review commences with a brief description of the country and the education system. This is followed by the English medium instruction at schools and universities, the challenges and recommendations.

scholarly journals DECONSTRUCTIVE HEGEMONY ON THE MARGINAL GENDER AND IDENTITY SEEN IN MAUGHAM’S “THE LOTUS EATER” AND HEAD’S “THE PRISONER WHO WORE GLASSES”

Lire Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Didimus Estanto Turuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Bessie Head ◽  
Power Domination ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Gender Perspectives ◽  
And Gender

Hegemony is one of the Marxist applicative concepts employed during the European colonial period. The colonization constructed a power domination of the European countries toward the colonized. The constructed hegemony performed by the European colonizers is the center of discussion in this essay. This essay aims to examine the hegemony lies within the two short stories which are “The Lotus Eater” by W. Somerset Maugham and “The Prisoner Who Wore Glasses” by Bessie Head through Post-Colonial perspectives and accompanied by the gender perspectives. The constructed hegemony is the major theory of the analysis to scrutinize the oppressions both racial and gender base, however the further analysis is going to scrutinize the abrogation of the hegemony. On scrutinizing the hegemony, Derridian deconstruction is employed to construct the analysis on the abrogation of the European constructed hegemony.   Keywords: Hegemony, Deconstruction, Post-colonial, Gender, Abrogation

Social Welfare and Social Work in Southern Africa

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Golden Thread ◽  
Global Player

This book is written by Southern African social welfare, social work, social development, social security and social policy academics, practitioners and advocates who have varying degrees of experience. The chapters are examined through different theoretical lenses and historical perspectives. The book focuses on the pre-colonial period – a golden thread running through the chapters. Furthermore, the authors provide a deep and critical reflection of social welfare, social work, and related disciplines during the colonial era when Western countries’ capture and oppression of Africa characterised the continent’s history, and the post-colonial era, characterised by a deliberate move by Africa’s political administrations to focus on nation-building and to attempt making Africa a global player.

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