scholarly journals Natural Regeneration in Harvested and Unharvested Forest Plantations - Case Study in Chittagong University Forest, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nizam Uddin ◽  
Barua Subhasis ◽  
Boonyanuphap Jaruntorn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plantation Species

This study was aimed to identify the dominant species establishing during regeneration, their species diversity and whether selection thinning could enhance the regeneration of secondary forest species. Chittagong University Forest was selected for the study and harvested and unharvested sites of forest plantations were demarcated and set 30 quadratic plots (3m × 3m) for each site. Ten per cent selection thinning was done in harvested site although a little anthropogenic disturbance was noticed in both the plantations.  Regenerations were identified into species level and their numbers were counted. Shannon-Weiner diversity index for unharvested plantation was 2.21 and it was 1.45 for harvested plantation. Species evenness index was recorded as 0.81 and 0.74 for unharvested and harvested plantations respectively. Both the plantations did not show a significant difference in diversity of species. According to the Important Value Index (IVI) the dominant species in the harvested site were Acacia auriculiformis followed by Acacia mangium and Albizia lebbeck. In the unharvested site, IVI was the highest for Acacia auriculiformis followed by Aphanamixis polystachya and Lagerstroemia speciosa. In both the sites, Acacia auriculiformis had a significantly (p<0.05) higher number of regeneration in harvested plantations than those of unharvested plantations. Therefore, thinning has a positive impact on natural regeneration and Acacia auriculiformis is the best for natural regeneration in plantations.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Zat Alelopati Dari Pohon Akasia, Mangium, Dan Jati Terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Akasia, Mangium, Dan Jati

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Novia Ekayanti ◽  
Indriyanto . ◽  
Duryat .
Keyword(s):  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bartlett Test ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Black Wattle

ABSTRACT Allelopathy is the compound released by the plants to the environtment where actualy another plants is living in.  The purpose of this research were to find out the effect of allelopathy which came from earpod wattle (Acacia auriculiformis), black wattle (Acacia mangium), and teak (Tectona grandis) to the seedlings plants of earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak, and also to find out the effect of allelopathy above mentioned that had the weakest effect.  This research was designed based on factorial in a complete random design.  Factor I was the seedlings which consist of earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak, while factor II was the allelopathy which consists of non allelopathy was used, the use of allelopathy from the extraction of earpod wattle leaves, the extraction of black wattle leaves, and the extraction of teak leaves.  The variable that was observed were seedlings height increasing, seedlings stem diameter increasing, number of leaves increasing, and living percentage of the seedlings.  This observation data was tested by Bartlett test to know the homogenity of variance.  Then it was analyzed by analysis of variance, then it is continually tested by least significant difference test.  All the counting were done at 5% significant level.  The result of this research showed that allelopathy which one came from earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak were not different effect for seedlings from allelopathy source in the same species.  The giving of black wattle allelopathy had significant different effect in height earpod wattle seedlings.  That also the giving of teak allelopathy had significant different effect in height black wattle seedlings.  The earpod wattle allelopathy had significant different effect in diameter of stem earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak seedlings.  Key words : allelopathy, extraction of earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak, seedlings growth

scholarly journals Survey, Identification, and Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis fimbriata Complex Associated with Wilt Disease on Acacia mangium in Malaysia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Samsuddin Ahmad Syazwan ◽  
Ahmad Mohd-Farid ◽  
Wan-Azhar Wan-Muhd-Azrul ◽  
Hishamuddin Muhammad Syahmi ◽  
Abdullah Mohd Zaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Bark Peeling

Ceratocystis wilt disease surveys were conducted in three selected Malaysian Acacia mangium plantations. These completed surveys revealed the occurrence of the wilt disease, with the incidence of infection ranging from 7.5% to 13.6%. Signs of wood-boring insects, bark peeling due to squirrel activity, and pruning wounds were often associated with this disease. The fungus most frequently isolated from the diseased trees was the Ceratocystis fungus. The analysis on the morphological characteristics has identified the fungus as Ceratocystis fimbriata complex. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the ITS, and concatenated sequences of EF1α-βT regions grouped the isolates within the C. fimbriata sensu stricto, in comparison to other C. fimbriata isolates. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on six to nine-month-old healthy A. mangium seedlings by inoculating these seedlings with eight out of the 16 isolates. The results demonstrated that all the isolates were pathogenic, with mortality beginning as early as two weeks after inoculation. However, an ANOVA test indicated a significant difference between the pathogenicity levels among the fungal isolates. The results also showed that pathogen aggressiveness was not correlated with geographical origin. A host range test was also conducted by using C. fimbriata SSB3 and FRIM1162 isolates against several forest plantation species. The findings suggested that only A. mangium was susceptible to C. fimbriata. The other species remained healthy with no symptoms of infection even after seven weeks of treatment, as compared to the A. mangium species, where between 38 to 60% of the inoculated plants had died. This study provides new information on the status of Ceratocystis wilt disease, especially on the occurrence and effects on A. mangium plantation, by giving insights on how to control and manage this ferocious plant pathogen in the future.

scholarly journals Distribusi dan Kemelimpahan Spesies Tumbuhan Bawah pada Naungan Pinus mercusii,Acacia auriculiformis danEucalyptus alba di Hutan Gama Giri Mandiri, Yogyakarta

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Maizer Said Nahdi ◽  
Darsikin Darsikin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Light Density

The purpose of this research was to study distribution and abundance of (shrubs, herbs, and rumput) under the three stands,i.e. Pinus mercusii, Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus alba and environmental factors influencing them in Gama Girimandiri Forest. Data were collected in April-May 2011, using square plots. Plots were located in three locations by followinga stratified random sampling method. We administered 10 repetitions, and plot size 5x5 m for shrubs and herbs, and 1X1 m forgrass. The species found in each stand were identified and calculated for their density, frequency, domination, importantvalue, diversity index, and those parameters’ correlation with the measured environmental factors. The study shows that 59species of herbs and shrubs, and 12 species of grass. In the three stands, it could be shown various domination of grass,meanwhile there is no dominant species at the level of herbs and shrubs. The highest density, measured by diversity index,was observed at the stand of Pinus (3,13), followed by Acacia (3,12) and Eucalyptus (2,8). The distribution and density ofMemecylon sp and Oplismenus burmanni were observed at their highest value under the stand of Pinus, Lantana camaraLinn (37.2). At the same fashion, Paspalum conjugatum (58.3) does under the stand of Acacia, and Desmodium triflorum(64,2) and Ischaemum magnum (122) under Eucalyptus. Lantana camara could always be found under the three stands, ithad high important value, categorized as strategy species and invasive. Light density and pH significantly influenced thediversity index of shrubs and herbs. In addition, only soil temperature gave an effect to grass.

Natural regeneration potential and growth of degraded Shorea robusta Gaert n.f. forest in Terai region of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Malla ◽  
B. K. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Control Site ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Significant Difference

Sal (Shorea robusta ) has ecological, economical and socio-cultural importance. It is a dominant species in the Terai and Chure region of Nepal. Natural regeneration is the only relevant regeneration method for Sal in Nepal. This study intended to assess natural regeneration potential of Sal in ploughed and unploughed (control) sites. The study was carried out in Chetaradei of Kapilvastu district in an area of 4.79 ha. Two treatments (control and ground work i.e. ploughed) were applied to assess regeneration potential of Sal. The radius of the sample plots was 2 m, which were laid out systematically and the data were recorded from these plots in three consecutive years. Regeneration density was found higher in control site than ploughed site. T-test for regeneration density in three consecutive measurements showed that there was no significant difference between ploughed and unploughed conditions. The species composition was dominated by Sal in both ploughed and unploughed sites. Species diversity (Shannon Weiner) index was found higher in ploughed site than unploughed site in three consecutive measurements. Moreover, T-test showed that mean height of Sal was not significant in both ploughed and unploughed sites except in the first measurement. This study shows that protection from grazing and fire is essential for natural regeneration of Sal. However, ground work helps to increase tree species diversity but it is not necessary in degraded Sal forest.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 28, No. 1, 2018, page: 3-10

Diversity of moths in forest plantations and natural forests in Sabah

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Chey ◽  
J. D. Holloway ◽  
M. R. Speight
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Natural Secondary Forest ◽  
Invertebrate Diversity ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Disturbed Forest

AbstractThe diversity of macromoths in the various fast-growing exotic tree plantations and natural secondary forest in Brumas, Sabah, Malaysia was assessed by means of an annual cycle of light-trap samples. The moth diversity in the forest plantations, viz. Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea, Paraserianthes (=Albizia) falcataria, Pinus caribaea, and in particular Eucalyptus deglupta, was unexpectedly high. Eucalyptus deglupta showed moth diversity as high as that in the natural secondary forest, a finding attributed to the fact that the E. deglupta plantation had a very diverse understorey both in terms of plant species (secondary regrowth species) and architecture, and thus supported a more diverse moth fauna. Subsidiary samples showed that primary natural forest in the neighbouring Danum Valley does not show higher moth diversity compared to the disturbed forest habitats in Brumas, though moth diversity at Danum is lower than that recorded in other Bornean primary forests. The value of plantation forests for conservation of invertebrate diversity is discussed, together with the implications for plantation management strategy.

scholarly journals Diversity and abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Phu Luong, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Dai Dac Nguyen ◽  
Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Anoplolepis Gracilipes ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
The Difference

Three different habitats: secondary forest, acacia plantation, and mixed forests on limestone, were chosen to determine and compare the ant species diversity in these habitats. A total of 24 identified species and 11 morphology species belonging to 20 genera in seven subfamilies were collected using pitfall traps from June 2014 to May 2015. The Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity index indicated that the diversity was the highest in the acacia plantation (2.08), followed by the secondary forest (1.99) and lowest in the mixed forests on limestone (1.83). There are three dominant species in the habitat (I), Pheidole noda, Odontomachus cf. monticola, and Odontoponera denticulate; four dominant species in the habitat (II), Odontoponera denticulata, Carebara diversa, Technomyrmex brunneus and Anoplolepis gracilipes; and only one dominant species in the habitat (III), Anoplolepis gracilipes. The species similarity (S) relatively low may be because of the difference vegetation and condition in the three habitats. Đa dạng loài kiến ​​trong ba môi trường sống khác nhau: rừng rậm thường xanh nhiệt đới, rừng keo và rừng hỗn giao trên núi đá vôi, được nghiên cứu để xác định và so sánh sự đa dạng các loài kiến ​​trong những môi trường sống. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: sử dụng bẫy hố từ tháng 6 năm 2014 đến tháng 5 năm 2015. Đã ghi nhận được 35 loài, thuộc 20 giống, 7 phân họ. Chỉ số đa dạng loài Shannon-Wiener cho thấy rừng keo có chỉ số đa dạng cao nhất (2,08), tiếp theo là rừng rậm thường xanh nhiệt đới (1,99) và cuối cùng là rừng hỗn giao trên núi đá vôi (1,83). Có 3 loài ưu thế ở sinh cảnh (I) là Pheidole noda, Odontomachus cf. monticola và Odontoponera denticulata, bốn loài ưu thế ở sinh cảnh (II) là Carebara diversa, Technomyrmex brunneus, Odontoponera denticulate và Anoplolepis gracilipes. Ở sinh cảnh (III) chỉ có duy nhất một loài chiếm ưu thế là loài Anoplolepis gracilipes. Chỉ số tương đồng (S) tương đối thấp có thể là do sự khác nhau ở các thảm thực vật và điều kiện sống trong ba sinh cảnh.

scholarly journals FLORISTIC DIVERSITY OF SECONDARY FOREST IN THE EASTERN AMAZON, STATE OF AMAPÁ

FLORESTA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
José Renan da Silva Guimarães ◽  
Marcelo De Jesus Veiga Carim ◽  
Luciedi De Cássia Leôncio Tostes ◽  
Salustiano Vilar da Costa Neto
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phytosociological Study

The increasing importance of secondary forests all over the world alerts us to the urgent need to understand the biophysical and social underlying factors that affect its regeneration after the abandonment of agricultural practices and natural disturbances. In the state of Amapá, studies related to the structure of secondary forests are still scarce. Therefore, this article aims to characterize the floristic composition and structure in two stretches of secondary forest in the eastern Amazon, state of Amapá. For the floristic and phytosociological study of tree species, 10 plots of 10 x 100 m (1.0 ha) were established: five plots in the community of São Francisco do Iratapuru and five plots in the community of Santo Antônio waterfall, totaling half a hectare (0,5 ha) in each area. In all plots, subjects with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were considered. In total, 1,183 subjects were sampled in the two stretches of forest. In stretch 01, 565 subjects belonging to 74 species, 55 genera and 33 families were recorded. In stretch 02, 618 subjects belonging to 26 species, 23 genera and 15 families were recorded. The Shannon diversity index (H'), estimated for stretch 1, was 3.52; and for stretch 2 (2.23). The two studied stretches, despite being registered at the same age, showed significant difference in the species richness, which is the major factor for diversity differences, resulting in low similarity between the studied forests.

Climate resilience through natural regeneration in degraded natural forests of south-eastern hilly region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Md Khayrul Alam Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Akhter Hossain ◽  
Abdul Kadir Ibne Kamal ◽  
Mohammed Kamal Hossain ◽  
Mohammed Jashimuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Ecological Dominance

A study was conducted by using 5m × 5m sized 179 quadrates following multistage random sampling method for comparative regenerating tree species, quantitative structure, diversity, similarity and climate resilience in the degraded natural forests and plantations of Cox's Bazar North and South Forest Divisions. A total of 70 regenerating tree species were recorded representing maximum (47 species) from degraded natural forests followed by 43 species from 0.5 year 39 species from 1.5 year and 29 species from 2.5 year old plantations. Quantitative structure relating to ecological dominance indicated dominance of Acacia auriculiformis, Grewia nervosa and Lithocarpus elegans seedlings in the plantations whereas seedlings of Aporosa wallichii, Suregada multiflora and Grewia nervosa in degraded natural forests. The degraded natural forests possess higher natural regeneration potential as showed by different diversity indices. The dominance-based cluster analysis showed 2 major cluster of species under one of which multiple sub-clusters of species exists. Poor plant diversity and presence of regenerating exotic species in the plantations indicated poor climate resilience of forest ecosystem in terms of natural regeneration.

The performance of Islamic banking among the commercial banks in Malaysia

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Samsuwatd Zuha Mohd Abbas ◽  
Norli Ali ◽  
Aminah Mohd Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Accounting Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

This paper examines the accounting performance of the Islamic banking among (??) commercial banks in Malaysia. A total of 18 commercial banks which include 4 Islamic banks are selected as samples covering the period of 2000 - 2006. Accounting performance is measured by the return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The objective of the study is (1) to determine whether Islamic banking performance is at par with the conventional banking and (2) to investigate whether the type (Islamic or conventional bank) and age of bank influence the performance. Result of the independence t-test of the study shows that there is no significant difference in the performance of the Islamic and the conventional banking in Malaysia although the mean score for conventional banking is higher. The regression results show that the age of banks has a positive impact on the bank performance where as none of the types of banks influence performance.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

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