scholarly journals Respiratory Tract Disorders Associated with Changes of the Mucous Membrane in Workers often Exposed to Pathological and Toxic Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1581-1585
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Occupational Disorders ◽  
Toxic Factors

This article is investigating changes in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract in workers who are often exposed to pathological and toxic factors. Research methods and materials: Air sampling was performed by aspirator and gas analyzer. Collected air was checked for chemical composition. Results and discussions: Air sampling of the working area detected toxic substances such as dust, soot and toxic gases: SO2, N2O5, N2O4, NO2, N2O, CO and H2S. Concentrations of these toxic substance and gases varied from 0.06-15.8 mg/m3. Mechanisms of toxic effects causing occupational disorders by various substances and chemicals described. Conclusions: Respiratory tract disorders including chronic bronchitis, allergic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in workers exposed to pathological and toxic factors have been described.

scholarly journals CYTOPROTECTIVE THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY: PROPERTIES OF EKTOIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Zaikov ◽  
A. E. Bogomolov ◽  
L. V. Mikhei
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

CYTOPROTECTIVE THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY: PROPERTIES OF EKTOIN S. V. Zaikov, A. E. Bogomolov, L. V. Mikhei Abstract In light of the often irrational use of antibiotics, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance of respiratory pathogens and certain imperfections in the management of patients with acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, there is always a need to seek for a new (non-antibacterial) methods of treatment to increase the effectiveness of therapy in these categories of patients. Probably, cytoprotection may also become one of these methods. Aim — to analyze the results of ectoine use as a respiratory cytoprotector. Material and methods. Analysis of available scientific publications on the use of ectoine in medical practice has been done. Conclusions. Ectoin is a natural molecule of extremolyte that strengthens the bonds and the number of neighboring water molecules, organizes water from a chaotic fluid into a structured Ectoin® Hydro Complex, which surrounds mucous cells with a protective layer of water and leads to barrier protection of the mucous membrane. The natural molecule of ectoine has anti-inflammatory, membrane-stabilizing and cytoprotective properties. Ectoin is used for barrier protection and recovery of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract in acute and chronic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Efficacy and safety of ectoine, including its long-term use, werev proved by the results of preclinical and clinical studies. Key words: cytoprotective therapy, ectoine, respiratory pathology

scholarly journals COPD-Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Visual Analogue Score (c-LRTI-VAS) validation in stable and exacerbated patients with COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000761
Author(s):  
Hendrik Johannes Prins ◽  
Ruud Duijkers ◽  
Johannes M A Daniels ◽  
Thys van der Molen ◽  
Tjip S van der Werf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Quality

BackgroundWe developed the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-Lower Respiratory Tract Infection-Visual Analogue Score (c-LRTI-VAS) in order to easily quantify symptoms during exacerbations in patients with COPD. This study aimed to validate this score.MethodsIn our study, patients with stable COPD as well as those with an acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) were included. The results of c-LRTI-VAS were compared with other markers of disease activity (lung function parameters, oxygen saturation and two health related quality of life questionnaires (St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ)) and validity, reliability and responsiveness were assessed.ResultsEighty-eight patients with clinically stable COPD and 102 patients who had an AECOPD completed the c-LRTI-VAS questionnaire. When testing on two separate occasions for repeatability, no statistically significant difference between total scores was found 0.143 (SD 5.42) (p=0.826). Internal consistency was high across items (Cronbach’s apha 0.755). Correlation with SGRQ and CCQ total scores was moderate to high. After treatment for hospitalised AECOPD, the mean c-LRTI-VAS total score improved 8.14 points (SD 9.13; p≤0.001).Conclusionsc-LRTI-VAS showed proper validity, responsiveness to change and moderate to high correlation with other questionnaires. It, therefore, appears a reliable tool for symptom measurement during AECOPD.Trial registration numberNCT01232140.

scholarly journals Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in organized groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
G. T. Tаshmetovа ◽  
I. V. Liverko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

The objective: to study the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adult organized groups, to assess the structure and risk factors of its development.Subjects and methods. 3,000 people of the organized population working at various enterprises in Tashkent aged 20 to 60 years (1,400 (46.7%) women and 1,600 (53.3%) men) underwent the contemporary pulmonological screening.Results. The active pulmonological screening aimed to detect COPD among organized groups has been justified; examination of 3,000 people allowed detecting 198 (6.6%) new patients additionally to 65 cases that were already known at the time of screening. The chances of developing COPD increase with the presence of risk factors such as smoking, exposure to toxic substances and chemicals, and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Adults, Louisville, Kentucky, 2010–2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Chow ◽  
Melissa A Rolfes ◽  
Ruth L Carrico ◽  
Stephen Furmanek ◽  
Julio A Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Preventing severe complications of influenza such as hospitalization is a public health priority; however, estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) hospitalizations are limited. We examined influenza VE against influenza-associated LRTIs in hospitalized adult patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from a randomized trial of oseltamivir treatment in adults hospitalized with LRTI in Louisville, Kentucky, from 2010 to 2013. Patients were systematically tested for influenza at the time of enrollment. We estimated VE as 1 – the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of antecedent vaccination in influenza-positives vs negatives × 100%. Vaccination status was obtained by patient self-report. Using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, season, timing of illness, history of chronic lung disease, and activities of daily living, we estimated VE against hospitalized influenza-associated LRTIs and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with radiographic findings of infiltrate. Results Of 810 patients with LRTI (median age, 62 years), 184 (23%) were influenza-positive and 57% had radiographically confirmed CAP. Among influenza-positives and -negatives, respectively, 61% and 69% were vaccinated. Overall, 29% were hospitalized in the prior 90 days and >80% had comorbidities. Influenza-negatives were more likely to have a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than influenza-positives (59% vs 48%; P = .01), but baseline medical conditions were otherwise similar. Overall, VE was 35% (95% CI, 4% to 56%) against influenza-associated LRTI and 51% (95% CI, 13% to 72%) against influenza-associated radiographically confirmed CAP. Conclusions Vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalization for influenza-associated LRTI and radiographically confirmed CAP. Clinicians should maintain high rates of influenza vaccination to prevent severe influenza-associated complications.

scholarly journals Microbial and host immune factors as drivers of COPD

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 00015-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moana Mika ◽  
Izabela Nita ◽  
Laura Morf ◽  
Weihong Qi ◽  
Seraina Beyeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Severe Copd

Compartmentalisation of the respiratory tract microbiota in patients with different chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity degrees needs to be systematically investigated. In addition, it is unknown if the inflammatory and emphysematous milieux in patients with COPD are associated with changes in the respiratory tract microbiota and host macrophage gene expression.We performed a cross-sectional study to compare non-COPD controls (n=10) to COPD patients (n=32) with different disease severity degrees. Samples (n=187) were obtained from different sites of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Microbiota analyses were performed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and host gene expression analyses by quantitative real-time PCR of distinct markers of bronchoalveolar lavage cells.Overall, the microbial communities of severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade 3/4) patients clustered significantly differently to controls and less severe COPD (GOLD 1/2) patients (permutational multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA), p=0.001). However, we could not detect significant associations between the different sampling sites in the lower airways. In addition, the chosen set of host gene expression markers significantly separated COPD GOLD 3/4 patients, and we found correlations between the composition of the microbiota and the host data.In conclusion, this study demonstrates associations between host gene expression and microbiota profiles that may influence the course of COPD.

scholarly journals Identification of Surface Antigens of Moraxella catarrhalis as Targets of Human Serum Antibody Responses in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 3471-3478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Murphy ◽  
Aimee L. Brauer ◽  
Christoph Aebi ◽  
Sanjay Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Moraxella catarrhalis is an important respiratory tract pathogen, causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Adults with COPD make antibody responses to M. catarrhalis following infection, but little is known about the identity of the antigens to which these antibodies are directed. In this study, 12 serum samples obtained from adults with COPD who had cleared M. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract following infection and who had developed new serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) to their infecting strain were subjected to a series of assays to identify the antigens to which potentially protective antibodies were directed. Sera were adsorbed with intact bacterial cells, and antibodies were eluted from the surfaces of the bacteria. Analysis by flow cytometry established that adsorption and elution effectively detected antibodies specifically directed to surface-exposed epitopes. Immunoblot assays of adsorbed and eluted serum fractions were performed with purified outer membranes and purified lipooligosaccharide of homologous infecting strains and with a series of mutants deficient in expression of individual outer membrane proteins (OMPs). While heterogeneity in antibody responses among individuals was observed, five major OMPs, UspA1, UspA2, Hag, TbpB, and OMP CD, were identified as targets of antibodies to surface epitopes in the majority of adults with COPD who cleared the organism. These results have important implications in understanding human immune responses to M. catarrhalis and in elucidating the elements of a protective immune response.

scholarly journals Evolutionary and Prognostic Particularities in Patients with COPD, Chronic Cor Pulmonale and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Nicoleta-Alina Popa ◽  
Adina-Marieta Sipos ◽  
Mircea Ioachim Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cor Pulmonale ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Cor Pulmonale ◽  
A Current

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease of the respiratory airways due to the partially reversible obstruction of the airflow caused by an abnormal inflammatory response to toxic substances, most often to cigarette smoke.(1) COVID-19 is a mild to severe respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus from the genus Betacoronavirus.(2) Patients with COPD have a major risk of COVID-19 infection. Treating patients with COPD, chronic cor pulmonale and COVID-19 is a current challenge.

scholarly journals Prevention of respiratory tract infections with bacterial lysate OM-85 bronchomunal in children and adults: a state of the art

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando De Benedetto ◽  
Gianfranco Sevieri
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Bacterial Lysate ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bacterial Lysates ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and also represent a cause of death in some parts of the world. The treatment of RTIs implies a continuous search for stronger therapies and represents an economical burden for health services and society. In this context the prevention of infections is absolutely required. The use of bacterial lysates as immuno-modulators to boost immunological response is widely debated. Aim of this review is to summarize the main clinical studies on the effect of the bacterial lysate OM-85 in treating RTIs in susceptible subjects - namely children and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-affected adults. Results from clinical trials and recent systematic reviews are reported. The results show that mean number of RTIs decreases upon treatment with OM-85, as measured by frequency of exacerbations or number of antibiotic courses. Data from systematic reviews indicated that OM-85 is particularly beneficial in children at high risk of RTIs. In COPD-affected adults, clinical studies showed that treatment with OM-85 reduced exacerbations, although systematic reviews did not legitimate the protective effect of OM-85 toward COPD as significant. The use of OM-85 could be efficacious in reducing exacerbation frequency of RTIs in children and adults at risk. However further high-quality studies are needed to better explain the mechanism of action and confirm the beneficial results of OM85.

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