scholarly journals Biology and Ecology of Ticks of Medical and Veterinary Importance

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Ecology Of Ticks

Medical and Veterinary Importance of the Moonlighting Functions of Triosephosphate Isomerase

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Rodríguez-Bolaños ◽  
Ruy Perez-Montfort
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
Canonical Function ◽  
Moonlighting Protein ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Moonlighting Functions

Triosephosphate isomerase is the fifth enzyme in glycolysis and its canonical function is the reversible isomerization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Within the last decade multiple other functions, that may not necessarily always involve catalysis, have been described. These include variations in the degree of its expression in many types of cancer and participation in the regulation of the cell cycle. Triosephosphate isomerase may function as an auto-antigen and in the evasion of the immune response, as a factor of virulence of some organisms, and also as an important allergen, mainly in a variety of seafoods. It is an important factor to consider in the cryopreservation of semen and seems to play a major role in some aspects of the development of Alzheimer's disease. It also seems to be responsible for neurodegenerative alterations in a few cases of human triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Thus, triosephosphate isomerase is an excellent example of a moonlighting protein.

scholarly journals Global Distribution of Babesia Species in Questing Ticks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Published Literature

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
ThankGod E. Onyiche ◽  
Cristian Răileanu ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Cornelia Silaghi
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
Veterinary Importance

Babesiosis caused by the Babesia species is a parasitic tick-borne disease. It threatens many mammalian species and is transmitted through infected ixodid ticks. To date, the global occurrence and distribution are poorly understood in questing ticks. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the distribution of the pathogen. A deep search for four electronic databases of the published literature investigating the prevalence of Babesia spp. in questing ticks was undertaken and obtained data analyzed. Our results indicate that in 104 eligible studies dating from 1985 to 2020, altogether 137,364 ticks were screened with 3069 positives with an estimated global pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of 2.10%. In total, 19 different Babesia species of both human and veterinary importance were detected in 23 tick species, with Babesia microti and Ixodesricinus being the most widely reported Babesia and tick species, respectively. Regardless of species, adult ticks with 2.60% had the highest infection rates, while larvae had the least with 0.60%. Similarly, female ticks with 4.90% were infected compared to males with 3.80%. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 2.80% had the highest prevalence among the molecular techniques employed. In conclusion, results obtained indicate that Babesia species are present in diverse questing tick species at a low prevalence, of which some are competent vectors.

scholarly journals Wolbachia: endosymbiont of onchocercid nematodes and their vectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranju Ravindran Santhakumari Manoj ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
Sara Epis ◽  
Domenico Otranto
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Wolbachia Endosymbiont ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular maternally transmitted, gram-negative bacterium which forms a spectrum of endosymbiotic relationships from parasitism to obligatory mutualism in a wide range of arthropods and onchocercid nematodes, respectively. In arthropods Wolbachia produces reproductive manipulations such as male killing, feminization, parthenogenesis and cytoplasmic incompatibility for its propagation and provides an additional fitness benefit for the host to protect against pathogens, whilst in onchocercid nematodes, apart from the mutual metabolic dependence, this bacterium is involved in moulting, embryogenesis, growth and survival of the host. Methods This review details the molecular data of Wolbachia and its effect on host biology, immunity, ecology and evolution, reproduction, endosymbiont-based treatment and control strategies exploited for filariasis. Relevant peer-reviewed scientic papers available in various authenticated scientific data bases were considered while writing the review. Conclusions The information presented provides an overview on Wolbachia biology and its use in the control and/or treatment of vectors, onchocercid nematodes and viral diseases of medical and veterinary importance. This offers the development of new approaches for the control of a variety of vector-borne diseases. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Role of Zoo-Housed Animals in the Ecology of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens—A Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Johana Hrnková ◽  
Irena Schneiderová ◽  
Marina Golovchenko ◽  
Libor Grubhoffer ◽  
Natalie Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Ecology Of Ticks ◽  
Definite Role

Ticks are ubiquitous ectoparasites, feeding on representatives of all classes of terrestrial vertebrates and transmitting numerous pathogens of high human and veterinary medical importance. Exotic animals kept in zoological gardens, ranches, wildlife parks or farms may play an important role in the ecology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), as they may serve as hosts for local tick species. Moreover, they can develop diseases of varying severity after being infected by TBPs, and theoretically, can thus serve as reservoirs, thereby further propagating TBPs in local ecosystems. The definite role of these animals in the tick–host-pathogen network remains poorly investigated. This review provides a summary of the information currently available regarding ticks and TBPs in connection to captive local and exotic wildlife, with an emphasis on zoo-housed species.

Mansonia uniformis (Diptera: Culicidae), a genus and species new to southwestern Asia, with a review of its medical and veterinary importance

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4772 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-395
Author(s):  
SHAHYAD AZARI-HAMIDIAN ◽  
MOHAMMAD-REZA ABAI ◽  
BEHZAD NOROUZI
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Importance

Seven genera and more than 98 species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are found in southwestern Asia (Harbach 1988). The most recent checklist of Iranian mosquitoes includes 69 species representing either seven or 11 genera depending on the classification used for aedines (Azari-Hamidian et al. 2019). Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Rondani) was the most recent genus and species to be added to the Iranian mosquito fauna (Azari-Hamidian et al. 2017). 

scholarly journals First Report of Chlamydia abortus in Farmed Fur Animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaocai Li ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xiaoan Cao ◽  
Zhongzi Lou ◽  
Kinga Zaręba-Marchewka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
First Report ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Fur Animals ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Chlamydia (C.) abortus, a globally distributed obligate intracellular bacterium, has attracted increasing interest according to its veterinary importance and zoonotic nature. C. abortus can infect a variety of animals and cause foetal loss in livestock resulting in economic loss. In this study, the samples collected from two farms of foxes (n=20), raccoon dogs (n=15) and minks (n=20), were investigated by Chlamydiaceae- and Chlamydia species-specific real-time PCR. The results showed that all the tested foxes (20/20) and raccoon dogs (15/15) harbored Chlamydia spp., while 5% of minks (1/20) were positive for Chlamydia spp. C. abortus was identified in all positive samples as the dominant Chlamydia species, with C. pecorum DNA coexistence in some of the rectal samples (7/20) taken from foxes. Phylogenetic analysis based on specific gene fragments of 16S rRNA, IGS-23S rRNA, and ompA revealed that all sequences obtained in this study were assigned to the Chlamydiaceae family with high similarity to C. abortus S26/3 and B577 previously identified in ruminants. This is the first report confirming that farmed foxes, raccoon dogs, and minks carry C. abortus. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this pathogen in farmed fur animals as well as the potential risks to public health.

Environmental drivers of breeding sites in blackfly species of medical and veterinary importance in eastern Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. López‐Peña ◽  
E. M. García‐Roger ◽  
Á. Lis‐Cantín ◽  
R. Jiménez‐Peydró
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Veterinary Importance

One-year parasitological screening of stray dogs and cats in County Dublin, Ireland

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garcia-Campos ◽  
C. Power ◽  
J. O'Shaughnessy ◽  
C. Browne ◽  
A. Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Population ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
One Year ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Parasite Exposure

AbstractTo date, there are no recent studies identifying the prevalence of parasites of human and veterinary importance in dogs and cats in Ireland. The interaction between pets and wildlife species in the environment is an important source of parasite exposure to canids and felines, and one likely to be heightened in the stray animal population. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of endoparasites in unowned dogs and cats in County Dublin, Ireland. Feces from stray dogs (n= 627) and cats (n= 289) entering a rehoming centre were collected immediately after defecation. The main parasitic agents detected were ascarids (15.52 and 30.26%),Cystoisospora(3.27 and 3.69%),Giardiaspp. (6.02 and 1.84%) and lungworms (0.64 and 2.08%), in dogs and cats respectively. Animals younger than 3 months of age were more likely to be infected with ascarids (P< 0.001) andCystoisosporaspp. (P= 0.008 andP= 0.014) than older animals. All lungworms were morphologically identified and dogs were infected withAngiostrongylus vasorum(0.48%) andCrenosoma vulpis(0.16%) whereas cats were only infected withAelurostrongylus abstrusus(2.08%). This represents the first prevalence study of stray animals in Ireland. Data collected will inform the treatment and in addition, the future monitoring and control studies of parasite populations.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter skirrowii Type Strain LMG 6621

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Miller ◽  
Emma Yee
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Veterinary Importance

Arcobacter skirrowii is a species of veterinary importance, originally recovered from the feces, aborted fetuses, and preputial fluids of livestock. We present here the whole-genome sequence of the A. skirrowii type strain LMG 6621 (= 449/80T = CCUG 10374T), isolated in the United Kingdom from a lamb diarrheal fecal sample.

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