scholarly journals First Report of Chlamydia abortus in Farmed Fur Animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaocai Li ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xiaoan Cao ◽  
Zhongzi Lou ◽  
Kinga Zaręba-Marchewka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
First Report ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Fur Animals ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Chlamydia (C.) abortus, a globally distributed obligate intracellular bacterium, has attracted increasing interest according to its veterinary importance and zoonotic nature. C. abortus can infect a variety of animals and cause foetal loss in livestock resulting in economic loss. In this study, the samples collected from two farms of foxes (n=20), raccoon dogs (n=15) and minks (n=20), were investigated by Chlamydiaceae- and Chlamydia species-specific real-time PCR. The results showed that all the tested foxes (20/20) and raccoon dogs (15/15) harbored Chlamydia spp., while 5% of minks (1/20) were positive for Chlamydia spp. C. abortus was identified in all positive samples as the dominant Chlamydia species, with C. pecorum DNA coexistence in some of the rectal samples (7/20) taken from foxes. Phylogenetic analysis based on specific gene fragments of 16S rRNA, IGS-23S rRNA, and ompA revealed that all sequences obtained in this study were assigned to the Chlamydiaceae family with high similarity to C. abortus S26/3 and B577 previously identified in ruminants. This is the first report confirming that farmed foxes, raccoon dogs, and minks carry C. abortus. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this pathogen in farmed fur animals as well as the potential risks to public health.

Use of gene probes for the detection of quiescent enteric bacteria in marine and fresh waters

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Sally A. Anderson ◽  
Gillian D. Lewis ◽  
Michael N. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Probe Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Probe ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
E Coli

Specific gene probe detection methods that utilise a non-selective culturing step were tested for the ability to recognise the presence of quiescent enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis ) within illuminated freshwater and seawater microcosms. An E. coli specific uidA gene probe and a 23S rRNA oligonucleotide probe for Enterococci were compared with recoveries using membrane filtration and incubation on selective media (mTEC and mE respectively). From these microcosm experiments a greater initial detection (from 4 hours to 1 day) of E. coli and Ent. faecalis using gene probe methods was observed. Additionally, a comparison of E. coli direct viable counts (DVC) in sunlight exposed microcosms with recoveries by selective media and gene probe methods revealed a large number of viable non-culturable cells. This suggests that enumeration of E. coli by a gene probe method is limited by the replication of the bacteria during the initial non-selective enrichment step. The detection of stressed Ent. faecalis by the oligonucleotide gene probe method was significantly greater than recovery on selective mE agar, indicating an Enterococci non-growth phase.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Diversity and Molecular Detection of Bacteria in Gull Feces

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (13) ◽  
pp. 3969-3976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingrang Lu ◽  
Jorge W. Santo Domingo ◽  
Regina Lamendella ◽  
Thomas Edge ◽  
Stephen Hill
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Dna ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

ABSTRACT In spite of increasing public health concerns about the potential risks associated with swimming in waters contaminated with waterfowl feces, little is known about the composition of the gut microbial community of aquatic birds. To address this, a gull 16S rRNA gene clone library was developed and analyzed to determine the identities of fecal bacteria. Analysis of 282 16S rRNA gene clones demonstrated that the gull gut bacterial community is mostly composed of populations closely related to Bacilli (37%), Clostridia (17%), Gammaproteobacteria (11%), and Bacteriodetes (1%). Interestingly, a considerable number of sequences (i.e., 26%) were closely related to Catellicoccus marimammalium, a gram-positive, catalase-negative bacterium. To determine the occurrence of C. marimammalium in waterfowl, species-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR and real-time assays were developed and used to test fecal DNA extracts from different bird (n = 13) and mammal (n = 26) species. The results showed that both assays were specific to gull fecal DNA and that C. marimammalium was present in gull fecal samples collected from the five locations in North America (California, Georgia, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Toronto, Canada) tested. Additionally, 48 DNA extracts from waters collected from six sites in southern California, Great Lakes in Michigan, Lake Erie in Ohio, and Lake Ontario in Canada presumed to be impacted with gull feces were positive by the C. marimammalium assay. Due to the widespread presence of this species in gulls and environmental waters contaminated with gull feces, targeting this bacterial species might be useful for detecting gull fecal contamination in waterfowl-impacted waters.

Profile of a mammalian sperm receptor

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Wassarman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Mammalian Fertilization ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Mammalian Eggs ◽  
Sperm Receptor

Complementary molecules on the surface of eggs and sperm are responsible for species-specific interactions between gametes during fertilization in both plants and animals. In this essay, several aspects of current research on the mouse egg receptor for sperm, a zona pellucida glycoprotein called ZP3, are addressed. These include the structure, synthesis, and functions of the sperm receptor during oogenesis and fertilization in mice. Several conclusions are drawn from available information. These include (I) ZP3 is a member of a unique class of glycoproteins found exclusively in the extracellular coat (zona pellucida) of mammalian eggs. (II) ZP3 gene expression is an example of oocyte-specific and, therefore, sex-specific gene expression during mammalian development. (III) ZP3 is a structural glycoprotein involved in assembly of the egg extracellular coat during mammalian oogenesis. (IV) ZP3 is a sperm receptor involved in carbohydrate-mediated gamete recognition and adhesion during mammalian fertilization. (V) ZP3 is an inducer of sperm exocytosis (acrosome reaction) during mammalian fertilization. (VI) ZP3 participates in the secondary block to polyspermy following fertilization in mammals. (VII) The extracellular coat of other mammalian eggs contains a glycoprotein that is functionally analogous to mouse ZP3. The unique nature, highly restricted expression, and multiple roles of ZP3 during mammalian development make this glycoprotein a particularly attractive subject for investigation at both the cellular and molecular levels.

First report of the zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis in raccoon dogs in Estonia, and comparisons with other countries in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leidi Laurimaa ◽  
Karmen Süld ◽  
Epp Moks ◽  
Harri Valdmann ◽  
Gérald Umhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

scholarly journals First Report of Orange Rust of Sugarcane Caused by Puccinia kuehnii in Colombia

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cadavid ◽  
J. C. Ángel ◽  
J. I. Victoria
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
First Report ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
New Cultivars

Symptoms of sugarcane orange rust were first observed in July 2010 on sugarcane (interspecific hybrid of Saccharum L. species) cv. CC 01-1884 planted in the La Cabaña Sugar Mill, Puerto Tejada, Colombia. Morphological features of uredinial lesions and urediniospores inspected with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy were distinct from common rust of sugarcane caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd., revealing spores identical morphologically to those described for the fungus P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler, causal agent of sugarcane orange rust (1,3). Uredinial lesions were orange and distinctly lighter in color than pustules of P. melanocephala. Urediniospores were orange to light cinnamon brown, mostly ovoid to pyriform, variable in size (27.3 to 39.2 × 16.7 to 21.2 μm), with pronounced apical wall and moderately echinulate with spines evenly distributed. Paraphyses, telia, and teliospores were not observed. Species-specific PCR primers designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1, ITS2, and 5.8S rDNA regions of P. melanocephala and P. kuehnii were used to differentiate the two species (2). The primers Pm1-F and Pm1-R amplified a 480-bp product from P. melanocepahala DNA in leaf samples with symptoms of common rust. By contrast, the primers Pk1-F and Pk1-R generated a 527-bp product from presumed P. kuehnii DNA in leaf samples with signs of orange rust, confirming the identity as P. kuehnii. The Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar de Colombia (Cenicaña) started a survey of different cultivars in nurseries and experimental and commercial fields in the Cauca River Valley and collected leaf samples for additional analyses. Experimental cvs. CC 01-1884, CC 01-1866, and CC 01-1305 were found to be highly susceptible to orange rust and were eliminated from regional trials, whereas commercial cvs. CC 85-92 and CC 84-75, the most widely grown cultivars, were resistant. With the discovery of orange rust of sugarcane in Colombia, Cenicaña has incorporated orange rust resistance in the selection and development of new cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. kuehnii on sugarcane in Colombia. Orange rust has also been reported from the United States, Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and Brazil. References: (1) J. C. Comstock et al. Plant Dis. 92:175, 2008. (2) N. C. Glynn et al. Plant Pathol. 59:703, 2010. (3) E. V. Virtudazo et al. Mycoscience 42:167, 2001.

scholarly journals Single-cell RNA sequencing of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites reveals stage- and species-specific transcriptomic signatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A Ruberto ◽  
Caitlin Bourke ◽  
Amélie Vantaux ◽  
Steven P Maher ◽  
Aaron Jex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Gene Usage ◽  
Species Specific

Plasmodium vivax sporozoites reside in the salivary glands of a mosquito before infecting a human host. Previous transcriptome-wide studies in populations of these forms were limited in their ability to elucidate cell-to-cell variation, thereby masking cellular states potentially important in understanding transmission outcomes. In this study, we performed transcription profiling on 9,947 P. vivax sporozoites to assess the extent to which they differ at single-cell resolution. We show that sporozoites residing in the mosquito's salivary glands exist in distinct developmental states, as defined by their transcriptomic signatures. Additionally, relative to P. falciparum, P. vivax displays overlapping and unique gene usage patterns, highlighting conserved and species-specific gene programs. Notably, distinguishing P. vivax from P. falciparum were a subset of P. vivax sporozoites expressing genes associated with translational regulation and repression. Finally, our comparison of single-cell transcriptomic data from P. vivax sporozoite and erythrocytic forms reveals gene usage patterns unique to sporozoites. In defining the transcriptomic signatures of individual P. vivax sporozoites, our work provides new insights into the factors driving their developmental trajectory and lays the groundwork for a more comprehensive P. vivax cell atlas.

scholarly journals First Report of Xylella fastidiosa in Peach in New Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Randall ◽  
J. French ◽  
S. Yao ◽  
S. F. Hanson ◽  
N. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Its Region ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Branch Dieback

Xylella fastidiosa is a gram-negative bacterium that causes disease in a wide variety of plants such as grapes, citrus trees, oleanders, and elm and coffee trees. This bacterium is xylem limited and causes disease symptoms such as leaf scorch, stunting of plant growth, branch dieback, and fruit loss. The presence of X. fastidiosa was previously reported in New Mexico where it was found to be infecting chitalpa plants and grapevines (3). In the summer of 2010, peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees from two locations in northern New Mexico exhibited leaf deformity and stunting, dark green venation, slight mottling, and branch dieback. Preliminary viral diagnostic screening was performed by Agdia (Elkhart, IN) on one symptomatic tree and it was negative for all viruses tested. Three trees from two different orchards tested positive for X. fastidiosa by ELISA and PCR analysis using X. fastidiosa-specific primer sets HL (1) and RST (2). Bacterial colonies were also cultured from these samples onto periwinkle wilt media. Eight colonies obtained from these three plants tested PCR positive using the X. fastidiosa-specific primers. The 16S ribosomal and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (557 nucleotides) (GenBank Accession No. HQ292776) along with the gyrase region (400 nucleotides) (GenBank Accession No. HQ292777) was amplified from the peach total DNA samples and the bacterial colonies. Sequencing analysis of these regions indicate that the X. fastidiosa found in peach is 100% similar to other X. fastidiosa multiplex isolates including isolates from peach, pecan, sycamore, and plum trees and 99% similar to the X. fastidiosa isolates previously found in New Mexico. Further analysis of the 16S ribosomal and 16S-23S rRNA ITS sequences with maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using Paup also groups the peach isolates into the X. fastidiosa multiplex subspecies. The gyrase sequence could not be used to differentiate the peach isolates into a subspecies grouping because of the lack of variability within the sequence. This X. fastidiosa multiplex subspecies could possibly be a threat to the New Mexico pecan industry since pecan infecting X. fastidiosa isolates belong to the same bacterial subspecies. It is not known if X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex isolates from peach are capable of infecting pecans but they are closely genetically related. It is interesting to note that the isolates from peach are different than previously described X. fastidiosa isolates in New Mexico that were infecting chitalpa and grapes (3). X. fastidiosa has previously been described in peach; the disease is called “phony peach”. The peach trees exhibited stunting and shortened internodes as reported for “phony peach”. They also exhibited slight mottling and branch dieback that may be due to the environment in New Mexico or perhaps they are also exhibiting mineral deficiency symptoms in association with the X. fastidiosa disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. fastidiosa in peach in New Mexico. References: (1) M. H. Francis et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 115:203, 2006. (2) G. V. Minsavage et al. Phytopathology 84:456, 1994. (3) J. J. Randall et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:5631, 2009.

scholarly journals Ribosome profiling in Streptococcus pneumoniae reveals the role of methylation of 23S rRNA nucleotide G748 on ribosome stalling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuma Shoji ◽  
Akiko Takaya ◽  
Yoko Kusuya ◽  
Hiroki Takahashi ◽  
Hiroto Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Ribosome Stalling ◽  
70S Ribosome ◽  
Exit Tunnel ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Peptidyltransferase Center ◽  
First Time

2.Abstract(1) BackgroundMany nucleotides in 23S rRNA are methylated post-transcriptionally by methyltransferases and cluster around the peptidyltransferase center (PTC) and the nascent peptidyl exit tunnel (NPET) located in 50S subunit of 70S ribosome. Biochemical interactions between a nascent peptide and the tunnel may stall ribosome movement and affect expression levels of the protein. However, no studies have shown a role for NPET on ribosome stalling using an NPET mutant.(2) ResultsA ribosome profiling assay in Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrates for the first time that an NPET mutant exhibits completely different ribosome occupancy compared to wild-type. We demonstrate, using RNA footprinting, that changes in ribosome occupancy correlate with changes in ribosome stalling. Further, statistical analysis shows that short peptide sequences that cause ribosome stalling are species-specific and evolutionarily selected. NPET structure is required to realize these specie-specific ribosome stalling.(3) ConclusionsResults support the role of NPET on ribosome stalling. NPET structure is required to realize the species-specific and evolutionary conserved ribosome stalling. These findings clarify the role of NPET structure on the translation process.

scholarly journals First Report of Summer Patch of Kentucky Bluegrass Caused by Magnaporthe poae in Colorado

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1519-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Swift ◽  
A. Blessinger ◽  
N. Brandt ◽  
N. Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Magnaporthe Poae ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Species Specific

The ectotrophic, root-infecting fungus Magnaporthe poae is the cause of summer patch of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). The disease is widely distributed in the mid-Atlantic Region of the United States and west to central Nebraska and Kansas (2). It also has been found in certain locations of Washington and California (2) but has not been confirmed in the Rocky Mountain Region. In August 2005 and 2006, tan patches and rings of dead turf ranging from 10 to 30 cm in diameter were observed in Kentucky bluegrass swards in Grand Junction and Greeley, CO, respectively. The sites, separated by approximately 360 km, are located west and east of the Continental Divide. A network of ectotrophic hyphae were observed on diseased root segments collected from both sites. A fungus morphologically similar to M. poae (2) was consistently isolated from these segments. DNA was extracted from mycelium of one isolate from each location and amplified by PCR with the M. poae species-specific primers MP1 and MP2 (1). A 453-bp DNA fragment was consistently amplified from DNA of both isolates, diagnostic of M. poae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of summer patch in Colorado and indicates that M. poae may be widely distributed in the central Rocky Mountain Region. References: (1) T. E. Bunting et al. Phytopathology 86:398, 1996. (2) B. B. Clarke and A. B. Gould, eds. Turfgrass Patch Diseases Caused by Ectotrophic Root-Infecting Fungi. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1993.

Association of hereditary thrombocythemia and distal limb defects with a thrombopoietin gene mutation

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Graziano ◽  
Simona Carone ◽  
Emanuele Panza ◽  
Flora Marino ◽  
Pamela Magini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Limb Defects ◽  
First Report

Abstract Hereditary thrombocythemia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in either the thrombopoietin gene (TPO) or its receptor c-MPL. TPO mutations described so far lead to thrombopoietin overproduction through increased translation of m-RNA. Unilateral transverse reduction limb defects are usually sporadic and generally thought to be caused by vascular disruptions. Reports of inherited unilateral limb defects are extremely rare. In the present study, we describe a family with segregation of G185T TPO mutation in the 5′ UTR region in 4 subjects with thrombocythemia. Three of these patients also present congenital transverse limb defects. Association of these events gives a strong hint of the in vivo involvement of thrombopoietin in vasculogenesis, confirming the role of TPO in human development of the hemangioblast, the embryonic progenitor of the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. This is the first report showing that vascular disruptions could be secondary to specific gene derangements.

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