Late blight resistance of Ecuadorian potato landraces: field evaluation and farmer’s perception

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato world-wide. A field experiment, in a location under high P. infestans pressure, was carried out in Ecuador to assess resistance or susceptibility to late blight of 31 potato landraces collected in Carchi, Chimborazo and Loja. Resistant commercial varieties (I-Fripapa) and a susceptible (Superchola) were included as references. Based on the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) three categories were scored: resistant, intermediate and susceptible. The landraces under study showed different responses to late blight in the experimental field. Only, five landraces showed the best field resistance: Uva, Chaucha roja, Guata amarilla, Coneja and Chaucha ratona. Additionally, a survey to 150 farmers growing potato landraces in these three provinces identified the main diseases affecting their potatoes. Informal conversations with these farmers both during the collections and during farmer meetings provided additional information regarding late blight and their perception of landrace resistance. Similar to farmers growing commercial varieties also farmers currently cultivating landraces consider late blight as the main disease in their potatoes. Probably the broad crop diversity on their farms and the planting of potato landrace mixtures reduces the late blight severity effects within their potato fields. Possible strategies to improve late blight resistance in potato in Ecuador could include the identification of accessions with resistance among local landraces, wild potato relatives and/or the introduction of new sources of resistance from other origins.

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Phenotypic Stability and Genome-Wide Association Study of Late Blight Resistance in Potato Genotypes Adapted to the Tropical Highlands

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-10-13-0270-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (6) ◽

pp. 624-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze ◽

Manuel Gastelo ◽

Willmer Perez ◽

Gregory A. Forbes ◽

David de Koeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Principal Component ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Chromosome 9 ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Tropical Highlands ◽

Progress Curve ◽

The Stability

Potato genotypes from a breeding population adapted to tropical highlands were analyzed for the stability of late blight resistance and also for marker-phenotype association. We harmonized the historical evaluation data, consisting of observations spanning 6 years from two field sites utilizing a resistance scale constructed by comparing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values of 172 genotypes with that of susceptible control ‘Yungay’. In total, 70 potato genotypes had a coefficient of variability <0.5 and were considered stable across the environments tested. A principal component analysis demonstrated that the ensemble of experiments formed two distinct groups that reflect the stability of genotype resistance to late blight. Phytophthora infestans isolates present in the experimental fields belonged to the EC-1 clonal lineage and showed variation in virulence beyond the concept of the avirulence determined by the conventionally used R1-R11 differential set. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker on chromosome 9 was associated with late blight resistance and linked to instability. Genotypes with either AACC or AAAC combinations for this SNP were highly resistant only in some environments, while the genotypes with the AAAA combination had more moderate levels of resistance but were stable across environments.

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Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23 in Potato Cultivars and Its Relationship with Early Blight Resistance and Tuber Yield

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-21-0594-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Weiya Xue ◽

Kathleen G. Haynes ◽

Xinshun Qu

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Early Blight ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Clonal Lineage ◽

Progress Curve

Resistance to late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23, in 217 old and modern potato cultivars was evaluated in field trials in 2016 and 2017 in Pennsylvania. Significant differences in resistance were found among these cultivars (P < 0.0001). Significant interaction between cultivars and environments was found (P < 0.0001). The values of relative area under the disease progress curve ranged from 0 to 0.5841 in 2016 and from 0 to 0.5469 in 2017. Broad-sense heritability of late blight resistance was estimated to be 0.91 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.88 to 0.93. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into 5 groups: resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, moderately susceptible, and susceptible. Thirty cultivars showing resistance and 32 cultivars showing moderate resistance were identified. The 217 cultivars were also evaluated for foliar maturity, tuber yield and resistance to early blight, caused by Alternaria solani. A few cultivars with late blight resistance independent of late maturity were found. Late blight resistance and early blight resistance were positively correlated, and 17 cultivars possessed resistance to both diseases. Yield tradeoff associated with late blight resistance was not observed among the cultivars in the absence of disease pressure.

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STUDIES ON FERTILITY AND LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOLANUM BULBOCASTANUM DUN. IN MEXICO

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b59-003 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

K. M. Graham ◽

J. S. Niederhauser ◽

Leopoldo Servin

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽

Mexican Isolate

Solanum balbocastanum Dun. was collected extensively throughout its range in Mexico and Guatemala. Experimental self- and cross-pollinations showed that the species is highly self-sterile and consists of cross-sterile and cross-fertile individuals. Self-sterility may be due to the presence of incompatibility factors or to triploidy. Authentic hybrids were produced between S. bulbocastanum and S. trifidum Correll, and between S. bulbocastanum and S. pinnatisectum Dun.After inoculation with race 1.2.3.4 of Phytophthora infestans three types of reaction were observed among 1148 seedlings of S. bulbocastanum: immunity with no perceptible lesions, resistance expressed by non-sporulating lesions of the hypersensitive type, and susceptibility indicated by large sporulating necrotic lesions. Seedlings resistant to an isolate of race 1.2.3.4 of Canadian origin did not always show the same level of resistance to a Mexican isolate of the same race. Varying degrees of field resistance were observed among seedling plants, while tuber-propagated plants were generally field immune. Solanum bulbocastanum is considered a mixture of resistant and susceptible genotypes.

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The study of the source material of potatoes under conditions of Kirov region

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.6.697-705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 697-705

Author(s):

N. F. Sintsova ◽

I. V. Lyskova

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Starch Content ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Source Material ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

High Productivity ◽

Scientific Institutions ◽

High Starch Content

The article presents the results of study of potato varieties and hybrids collection in the conditions of Kirov region, including varieties of modern Russian and foreign collections, interspecific hybrids of VIR, Falenskaya selection station and other scientific institutions for 300-350 samples annually. The study was conducted in contrasting weather conditions in 2017-2019. Sources of high productivity (705…887 g/bush): 129-10, Effekt (Russia), Lukawa (Czechoslovakia), Zorachka, Uladar (Belarus), Colomba (Netherlands) and others, and large potato tuber (100…140 g): Bellarosa (Germany), Lilea (Belarus), Irbitsky, Krepysh (Russia) were revealed. Due to big epiphytotic of late blight in 2017 varieties with high field resistance of foliage to late blight were revealed (7-9 points): Kufri Anara (India), Suzorye, Ragneda, Alpinist (Belarus), Gubernator, Skazka, Effekt, Vdohnovenie, Fritella, Legenda, 90-5-30, 55-03 (Russia); 387110.4, 678019 (Peru) and others. In 2019 samples with high late blight resistance of tubers were selected (9 points): Lilea (Belarus), Udacha, Ognivo, Lubava Legenda, 122-29, 90-6-2, 194-00, 591-97, 55-03, 56-09, 172-11, 6-1, 39-10, 132-07 (Russia), 389746.2, 678019 (BL-22), 678009 (BL-1.10) (Peru). Varieties of field resistance to viral diseases were selected: Lukawa (Czechoslovakia), Yanka, Ragneda, Zorachka, Charaunik (Belarus), Franzi, Albina, Kolomba, Sofia (Germany), Lazar, Skazka, Mayak, Udacha, Krasavchik, Charodey), Zolsky, Matushka, Nayada, Sudarynya, Kolobok, 42-7-40, 112-04, 184-05, 28-06, 48-224-10, 455-08, 431-08, 142-09, 5-7К, 1-13К, 218-12, 286-08, 40-14К, 16-25-1К, 16-29-33К, 56-09, 289-13. Assessment of starch content allowed to select varieties and hybrids with starch content above 20%: Bashkirsky, Zolsky, Lazar (Russia), Uladar, Vektar Belorussky, Manifest, Zhuravinka, Zdabytok (Belarus) and others. Hybrids 268-09 and 289-13 combined high starch content and high late blight resistance. The most valuable source material for potato breeding in the Kirov region are varieties and hybrids with a complex manifestation of warnings: Bellarosa, Albina, Sofia (Germany), 129-09, 40-14, 7-2В, 5-7 К, 268-08, 141-14, 289-13, 455-08, 56-09, 149-14, Kamensky, Irbitsky, Debryansk, Effekt (Russia), Kolamba (Netherlands), Zorachka, Сharaunik, Uladar, Altair, Lilea (Belarus), Lukawa (Czechoslovakia).

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Combining ability analysis of yield and resistance to late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans in Uganda

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.10.p2437 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1637-1644

Author(s):

Prossy Namugga ◽

Julia Sibiya ◽

Rob Melis ◽

Alex Barekye

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Additive Genetic Effects

Breeding for resistance to late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in potato is the most economically, effective and ecologically sustainable method to control the disease and boost productivity. The study estimated combining ability effects of yield, yield related traits, late blight resistance and gene action controlling resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Eighteen F1 families generated from two sets of 12 parents, using a North Carolina Design II, were evaluated for relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC), yield and yield related traits in two late blight hotspot locations of Kachwekano and Kalengyere research stations. Trials were established using an alpha lattice design (6 x 5) with two replications. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects were important in controlling yield and late blight resistance. However, additive gene action was dominant. The general combining ability (GCA) to specific combining ability ratio (SCA); (GCA/SCA) for total tuber weight and late blight resistance was 0.53 and 0.62 respectively. Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.78 for total tuber weight and 0.68 for relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC). This study showed some evidence of maternal effects for rAUDPC (1.45) and average tuber weight (ATW) (1.56), although these were not significant at P<0.05. Parents Kinigi, 392657.8, 396034.103, 396038.107, 395011.2, NKRK19.17, NKRN59.58 and 395017.14 had good GCA effects for both late blight resistance and yield related traits. Crosses of 392657.8 x 395017.14 and 396038.107 x NKRN59.58 had the highest SCA effects for yield related traits, while families Kinigi x NKRK19.17and 392657.8 x NKRN59.41 had the lowest SCA effects for rAUDPC. The relatively high heritability estimates and predominant additive genetic effects imply that genetic advances in resistance to Phytophthora infestans and tuber yield among these genotypes can be realized by selecting superior clones.

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Stacking three late blight resistance genes from wild species directly into African highland potato varieties confers complete field resistance to local blight races

Plant Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.1111/pbi.13042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1119-1129 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Marc Ghislain ◽

Arinaitwe Abel Byarugaba ◽

Eric Magembe ◽

Anne Njoroge ◽

Cristina Rivera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Wild Species ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Potato Varieties ◽

Complete Field

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Mutations introduced in susceptibility genes through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing confer increased late blight resistance in potatoes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83972-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nam Phuong Kieu ◽

Marit Lenman ◽

Eu Sheng Wang ◽

Bent Larsen Petersen ◽

Erik Andreasson

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Susceptibility Genes ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

R Genes ◽

Guide Rnas ◽

Knockout Mutants ◽

Growth Phenotype ◽

Allelic Deletion ◽

S Genes

AbstractThe use of pathogen-resistant cultivars is expected to increase yield and decrease fungicide use in agriculture. However, in potato breeding, increased resistance obtained via resistance genes (R-genes) is hampered because R-gene(s) are often specific for a pathogen race and can be quickly overcome by the evolution of the pathogen. In parallel, susceptibility genes (S-genes) are important for pathogenesis, and loss of S-gene function confers increased resistance in several plants, such as rice, wheat, citrus and tomatoes. In this article, we present the mutation and screening of seven putative S-genes in potatoes, including two DMR6 potato homologues. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, which conferred co-expression of two guide RNAs, tetra-allelic deletion mutants were generated and resistance against late blight was assayed in the plants. Functional knockouts of StDND1, StCHL1, and DMG400000582 (StDMR6-1) generated potatoes with increased resistance against late blight. Plants mutated in StDND1 showed pleiotropic effects, whereas StDMR6-1 and StCHL1 mutated plants did not exhibit any growth phenotype, making them good candidates for further agricultural studies. Additionally, we showed that DMG401026923 (here denoted StDMR6-2) knockout mutants did not demonstrate any increased late blight resistance, but exhibited a growth phenotype, indicating that StDMR6-1 and StDMR6-2 have different functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the mutation and screening of putative S-genes in potatoes, including two DMR6 potato homologues.

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