scholarly journals Perform Pap smear test and Factors affecting on the prevalence of cervical cancer in women at Qazvin, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asghar Karbord ◽  
◽  
Maryam Rajabi ◽  
Shahram Rastak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
And Function

Background: After breast, skin and long cancers, cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women and is a kind of cancer that can be diagnosed with Pap smear method in pre malignancy stage. Awareness of screening methods of this cancer, have great influence in reducing the incidence and mortality of it. The aim of this project was to determine awareness, attitude and function of married women, who referred to health centers of Qazvin, about Pap smear and cervical cancer in 2018. Method and Material: In this cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical), 300 married women, who referred to health centers of Qazvin in 2018, were selected by classified sampling method and then simple random selection. The study was a questionnaire with 4 part including demographic questions, functional test, attitude and awareness resulting from national Pap smear plan of health minister, which was distributed and completed after confirming the validity and reliability with coordination centers with the help of trained people. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 software. Result: In this project that the highest age group were women with 35-45 years (58%) with the average age of (36±8) years, awareness about introducing and recognition of pap smear and cervical cancer were 41% and 46% respectively.44% of them have at least once experienced pap smear.24% of this number have followed up again after one year.73% of participants of this project were agree with the test and early diagnosed of cervical cancer. Conclusion: In order to assess the effect of factors influencing awareness, attitude and function of the women about the cervical cancer and pap smear test, using multiple regression model, it was determined that there is a significant relation between level of awareness and factors including: age, economic situation, job and education (p=.05).also there is a significant relation between function and attitude and factors including education, age and awareness about disease. This represents a change in policy and education and health infrastructure in the field of knowledge of cancer and the use of modern methods of teaching.

scholarly journals Determinants factors to Pap smear screening among married women in a city of South Iran: applying the BASNEF model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahimeh Momeni ◽  
Zahra Hosseini ◽  
Teamur Aghamolaei ◽  
Amin Ghanbarnejad
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is known to be preventable because of the long pre-invasion period and the availability of appropriate screening methods. Pap smear is a selective screening approach, which is not taken seriously enough by many women. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study was performed using electronic health records of 202 women visiting the health centers chosen through the systematic sampling method. The data collection tool contained items on demographic information, awareness regarding cervical cancer, and the beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors (BASNEF) model constructs. Data were analyzed using the linear regression analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate regression analysis with backward selection in SPSS, version 18. Results Based on the results, more than half of the women had never had a Pap smear test. Of the 202 women, only 14.8% had repeated the Pap smear test at the standard interval. Attitudes and subjective norms predicted the intention to have a Pap smear test among the eligible women. Overall, 10% of the changes in behavioral intention were explained by attitudes and subjective norms. In the BASNEF model, the behavioral intention was one of the most important factors that affected compliance with the Pap smear test among the eligible women. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it is possible to improve screening behaviors among women through proper planning to increase awareness and improve attitudes, subjective norms, enabling factors, and behavioral intention. Pap smear plays an important role in controlling cervical cancer.

Awareness and health beliefs regarding cervical cancer and screenings of women living two different ethnic groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
I. Aydın Avci ◽  
M. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Roma Women

Purpose: It is stated that the high mortality rate of cer-vical cancer worldwide can be reduced by early diag-nosis, effective observation, and treatment pro-grams. It was aimed to evaluate the correlation be-tween cervical cancer and screening and the health be-liefs of married women living in two different ethnic groups. Materials and methods: This research was con-ducted as a comparative descriptive study. 211 Roma (Gypsies) and 202 non-Roma married women included in the study. The data was obtained in the research by the introductory survey form and the "Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Health Belief Model Scale". Per-centage, mean, t-test, chi-square tests were used in the evaluation of the data. A logistic regression analysis was used. Before the start of the research was received approval by the Ethics Committee. Results: The average age of the non-Roma women who participated in the survey was found 40.3 ± 10.5 (min: 20, max: 67). Non-Roma women were found to have received a pap-smear test at a higher rate (about 4 times more) than Roma women (p˂0.001, OR=3.723, 95%, CI 2.472, 5.607). Non-Roma women were found to have a higher pap-smear test rate (3-fold higher) than Roma women and found that the differ-ence between them was statistically significant (p˂0.001, OR=2.932, 95%, CI 1.855, 4.635). Conclusions: Roma women, a disadvantaged group, were found to hear fewer pap-smear tests, have less knowledge about the test, take fewer pap smears than non-Roma women and especially they did not have the pap-smear test because they did not know it.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Awareness and Practice of Pap Smear Test Among Women with Gynecological Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (211) ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Knowledge Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women in Nepal. Pap smear test is the most important screening test for cervical cancer, which helps in reducing mortality from it. This study is to assess the knowledge of cancer cervix and practice of Pap smear test and to analyze the impact of educational status on them. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out among the married women who attended the Out Patient Department for gynecological problems at Kathmandu Medical College. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data.  The questionnaire consisted of three sections which included the demographic profile in first part , second part included assessment of the knowledge of cancer cervix, and third part included evaluation of  the utilization of Pap smear test. Results: A total of 205 married women were included in the study. Out of them, 74% were aware of cancer cervix. Only 39% of women were aware of Pap smear test. Pap smear test coverage was 16.6% in studied population. Main reason of not doing Pap smear test was lack of knowledge of the test. High educational status of the women had significant positive impact on knowledge of cancer cervix and practice of Pap smear test. Conclusions: The knowledge of cancer cervix was good in our women, but knowledge and the practice of Pap smear test was poor. Good educational status of the women was found to influence the on knowledge of cancer cervix and uptake of Pap smear test.

scholarly journals Review of Cervical Cancer Preventive and Screening Strategies in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Devi Meena ◽  
Subhash Chand ◽  
Deovrat Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

Cervical cancer (CC) rapidly spread in the women. CC is the cancer which start from the cervix this is the 1st stage and 3rd most common type cancer in women’s worldwide. Continuously, Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the higher&strongest epidemiologic risk factor for CC.HPV-16 and HPV-18, these are type virus with high-risk HPV types. But at present many types of techniques available as – Pap smear test, Colposcopy, HPV virus test/detection, Visual inspection of cervix with 5% acetic acid, and Visual inspection of cervix with Lugol’s Iodine.The majority of diagnosis with CC will be analyzed more than 13000 and rate of death 4000 with women in United States and it also deadline disease in India. It is one of the cancer which is preventable. This article studied with in PubMed and Google scholar, studies about cervical cancer from Wikipedia and you-tube also. And it is only meta-analysis or multi-institutional, review article and research studies were considered for analysis of cervical cancer. The most important risk factor is determined with human beings Human papillomavirus (HPV) which traditional in worldwide. This is the type of cancer which is screening and detect in the early stage by the screening methods. In this article, abstracted published studies about to year between during 1995-2018 which has been carried out in worldwide on CC with significance on screening test methods.  Basically, Pap smear is the method of screening for cytology but now a day many studies have been accomplish to investigate different methods as well as visual inspection method. Keywords: Cervical Cancer screening, HPV, Screening methods, Pap Smear test, India United State.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing in the rural areas of Indonesia: a health belief model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarmi Sumarmi ◽  
Yu-Yun Hsu ◽  
Ya-Min Cheng ◽  
Shu-Hsin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Smear Testing

Abstract Purposes This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women. Conclusions Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women’s intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.

The Pap smear test value in dysplasia and cervical cancer diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (69) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Cruciat ◽  
Iulia Popa ◽  
Suzana Mariam Chaikh-Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

scholarly journals Migrating techniques, multiplying diagnoses: the contribution of Argentina and Brazil to early 'detection policy' in cervical cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Eraso
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
South American ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Medical Centers

This article on the early detection of cervical cancer focuses on the development of two leading diagnostic techniques - colposcopy and the Pap smear test - and their histories in Argentina and Brazil. It explores how diagnostic tools were transferred between Europe and the Americas, while examining the intersection of cultural and medical aspects and the processes of adaptation and resignification in the receiving countries. Colposcopy received little attention in the main Western medical centers until South American countries reasserted its significance in the 1950s. 'Peripheral' centers played a central role in early detection policies and the combined uses of these methods gave rise to a new stage of 'cumulative confidence' in cervical cancer diagnosis and screening.

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