scholarly journals Adult attachment styles and alcohol consumption in young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (111) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Francis Segundo Cevallos Robayo ◽  
Diana Carolina Garcia Ramos ◽  
Carmen Varina Barba Guzman ◽  
Gabriela Lorena Abril Lucero
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Secure Attachment

The objective of this study was to describe the styles of adult attachment and alcohol consumption in young adults, measured through the CaMir-R test and the AUDIT questionnaire, analyzed under the InfoStat statistical program, respectively. Based on a sample of 167 young adults, men and women, between the ages of 18 and 32. The results show that 82.6% of the population is a consumer of alcohol with the highest prevalence in the secure attachment style, followed by the preoccupied insecure, insecure avoidant attachment style and the disorganized attachment indicator. The higher the level of alcohol consumption, the secure attachment scores decrease and rise in preoccupied insecure attachment style. The result does not statistically infer the linear causality of the study variables. The secure attachment style can function as a protective factor and the preoccupied insecure attachment as a risk factor for increasing the level of alcohol consumption. Keywords: adult attachment, alcohol use, alcoholism, risk of addiction. References [1]Organización Panamericana de la Salud; Organización Mundial de la Salud, «Agenda de Salud Sostenible para las Américas 2018-2030: Un llamado a la acción para la salud y el bienestar en la región,» de 29.a Conferencia Sanitaria Panamericana, Washington, 2017. [2]Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas; Organización de los Estados Americanos , «Informe sobre el Consumo de Drogas en las Américas 2019,» Organización de los Estados Americanos, Washington, D.C., 2019. [3]Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, «Compendio de Resultados de la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida ECV 2014,» INEC, Quito, 2014. [4]E. Becoña Iglesias, E. Fernández del Río, A. Calafat and J. Fernández-Hermida, «Apego y consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia: Una revisión de aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos,» Adicciones, vol. 26, nº 1, pp. 1-11, 2014. [5]K. MacDonald, The Interfaces Between Sociobiology and Devolopmental Psychology, New York: Springer, 1988. [6]J. Feeney and P. Noller, Apego Adulto, Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer, 2001. [7]J. Bowlby, Vínculos afectivos: Formación, Desarrollo y Pérdida, Madrid: Ediciones Morata, 2014. [8]O. Barroso, «El Apego Adulto: La relación de los Estilos de Apego Desarrollados en la Infancia en la Elección y las Dínamicas de Pareja,» Revista Digital de Medicina Psicosomática y PSicoterapia, vol. 4, nº 1, pp. 1-25, 2014. [9]S. Freud, El malestar de la cultura, Obras Completas, Buenos Aires: Amorrortu, 1930. [10]F. Naparstek, Introducción a la clínica con toxicomanías y alcoholismo, Buenos Aires: Grama Ediciones, 2005. [11]J. A. Miller, La experiencia de lo real en la cura psicoanalítica, Buenos Aires: Paidós, 2003. [12]M. Barradas, N. Fernández and L. Gutierrez, «Prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios, » Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo, vol. 6, nº 12, 2016. [13]M. Cornellà-Font, F. Viñas-Poch, J. Juárez-López, M. d. l. M. Martín-Perpiñá and S. Malo-Cerrato, «Temperament and attachment as predictive factors for the risk of addiction to substances in adolescents,» Revista De Psicopatología Y Psicología Clínica, vol. 23, nº 3, pp.179-187, 2019. [14]L. Anderson, J. Connor, J. Voisey, R. Young and M. Gullo, «The unique role of attachment dimensions and peer drinking in adolescent alcohol use,» Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 149, pp. 118-122, 2019. [15]C. Pinto-Cortez, M. Beyzaga, M. F. Cantero, X. Oviedo and V. Vergara, «Apego y psicopatología en adolescentes del Norte de Chile,» Revista de PsicologíaClínica con Niños y Adolescentes, vol. 5, nº 3, pp. 23-29, 2018. [16]K. Ward and G. Limb, «Emerging Adult Attachment and Alcohol Abuse Among American Indians Raised in Stepfamilies,» The British Journal of Social Work, vol. 49, nº 6, pp. 1452-1471, 2019. [17]C. Fairbairn, D. Briley, D. Kang, C. Fraley, B. Hankin and T. Ariss, «A meta-analysis of longitudinal associations between substance use and interpersonal attachment security,» Psychological Bulletin, vol. 144, nº 5, pp. 532-555, 2018.

scholarly journals Is attachment style in early childhood associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence?

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S15-S15
Author(s):  
Philippa Clery ◽  
Angela Rowe ◽  
Marcus Munafò ◽  
Liam Mahedy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Childhood Attachment ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Self Harm

AimsIdentifying factors that contribute to mental health difficulties in young people as early in life as possible are needed to inform prevention strategies. One area of interest is attachment. Although existing research has suggested an association between insecure attachment styles and mental health difficulties, these studies often have small sample sizes, use cross-sectional designs, and measure attachment as a discrete variable at a single point or use romantic relationship attachment as a proxy for childhood attachment. It is also unclear whether these associations persist into late adolescence. In this large prospective study we aimed to determine whether an insecure attachment style measured at repeated points in early childhood, is associated with depression and self-harm at 18 years.MethodWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Mothers completed attachment related questionnaires when their child was 18, 30, and 42 months old. Offspring depression and lifetime self-harm was assessed at 18 years in clinic using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. Attachment was derived as a continuous latent variable in a structural equation modelling framework. Logistic regression was performed on participants with complete attachment data (n = 7032) to examine the association between attachment style and depression and self-harm, with adjustment for potential confounders. Differential dropout was accounted for using multiple imputation.ResultWe found some evidence for an association between a more insecure attachment style in childhood, and a diagnosis of depression and life-time self-harm at age 18. In the fully adjusted imputed model, a one standard deviation increase in insecure attachment was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of depression (OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.00 to 1.27) and a 14% increase in the odds of self-harm at age 18 (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.02 to 1.25), for children who had more insecure attachment in early childhood, compared with children who had more secure attachment.ConclusionThis is the largest longitudinal study to examine the prospective association between childhood attachment and depression and self-harm in late adolescence. Our findings strengthen the evidence suggesting that a childhood insecure attachment style is associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence. Policies and interventions to support parenting behaviours that foster the development of secure attachment styles, or attachment-based therapies to improve attachment quality, could help reduce depression and self-harm in adolescence/young adulthood.Philippa Clery is supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research at the University of Bristol and the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund.

Insecure attachment and frequent attendance in primary care: a longitudinal cohort study of medically unexplained symptom presentations in ten UK general practices

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Taylor ◽  
T. Marshall ◽  
A. Mann ◽  
D. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Consultation Rate ◽  
Frequent Attendance ◽  
Medically Unexplained

BackgroundIn primary care frequent attenders with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) pose a clinical and health resource challenge. We sought to understand these presentations in terms of the doctor–patient relationship, specifically to test the hypothesis that such patients have insecure emotional attachment.MethodWe undertook a cohort follow-up study of 410 patients with MUS. Baseline questionnaires assessed adult attachment style, psychological distress, beliefs about the symptom, non-specific somatic symptoms, and physical function. A telephone interview following consultation assessed health worry, general practitioner (GP) management and satisfaction with consultation. The main outcome was annual GP consultation rate.ResultsOf consecutive attenders, 18% had an MUS. This group had a high mean consultation frequency of 5.24 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.79–5.69] over the follow-up year. The prevalence of insecure attachment was 28 (95% CI 23–33) %. A significant association was found between insecure attachment style and frequent attendance, even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, presence of chronic physical illness and baseline physical function [odds ratio (OR) 1.96 (95% CI 1.05–3.67)]. The association was particularly strong in those patients who believed that there was a physical cause for their initial MUS [OR 9.52 (95% CI 2.67–33.93)]. A possible model for the relationship between attachment style and frequent attendance is presented.ConclusionsPatients with MUS who attend frequently have insecure adult attachment styles, and their high consultation rate may therefore be conceptualized as pathological care-seeking behaviour linked to their insecure attachment. Understanding frequent attendance as pathological help seeking driven by difficulties in relating to caregiving figures may help doctors to manage their frequently attending patients in a different way.

Caring for Sharing

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans IJzerman ◽  
Johan C. Karremans ◽  
Lotte Thomsen ◽  
Thomas W. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Grounded Cognition ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Set Up

Does physical warmth lead to caring and sharing? Research suggests that it does; physically warm versus cold conditions induce prosocial behaviors and cognitions. Importantly, previous research has not traced the developmental origins of the association between physical warmth and affection. The association between physical warmth and sharing may be captured in specific cognitive models of close social relations, often referred to as attachment styles. In line with this notion, and using a dictator game set-up, the current study demonstrates that children who relate to their friends with a secure attachment style are more generous toward their peers in warm than in cold conditions. This effect was absent for children who relate to friends with an insecure attachment style. Notably, however, these children not just always shared less: They allocated more stickers to a friend than to a stranger. These findings provide an important first step to understand how fundamental embodied relations develop early in life. We discuss broader implications for grounded cognition and person perception.

scholarly journals I hate my workplace but I am very attached to it: workplace attachment style

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Scrima ◽  
Liliane Rioux ◽  
Giovanni Di Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
It Workplace

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether different patterns of workplace attachment exist and to explore the relations between adult attachment styles and the level of workplace attachment. Design/methodology/approach Participants were 351 Italian employees who completed a questionnaire composed of the Workplace Attachment Scale and the Relationship Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correspondence analysis. Findings The results showed that high scores on workplace attachment correlated significantly with secure attachment style, while low scores correlated with insecure attachment styles. These results shed light on different workplace attachment styles. Research limitations/implications The limitation in this study mostly concern the use of self-reporting instruments to measure the participants’ attachment style, since they may be susceptible to distortions. However, the distribution of attachment styles in this sample is similar to the worldwide distribution, which supports the authors’ choice. Practical implications To the extent that it is possible to identify a specific workplace attachment style, it should also be possible to change some of the human resource management practices inducing employees to develop a workplace secure attachment style. Originality/value Researchers tended to ignore the extension of the adult attachment behavioral system to examine core environmental relationships. The present study, applying attachment theory to workplace attachment, provides theoretical support that the bonds that an individual forms with workplace can be classified as attachment bonds.

scholarly journals Adult Attachment Styles as Predictors of Different Types of Ingroup Identification

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Adult Attachment Styles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ingroup Identification

The primary goal of the present research was to explore the relationship between adult attachment styles and four different types of identification with social groups. The results confirmed predictions and revealed that particular prototypic attachment styles are associated with an increase in only certain types of ingroup identification. People with secure attachment style had higher social identification than people with a dismissive-avoidant attachment style. Participants with secure attachment style showed higher communal identification than participants who had either a dismissive-avoidant or a fearful-avoidant attachment style. These findings supported the idea that relationship attachment style has an important effect on the way people identify with their social groups and can serve as a predictor of preferred type of ingroup identity

scholarly journals Exploring How UK Adults' Attachment Style in Romantic Relationships Affects Engagement in Controlling Behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly C. Gilbert ◽  
Robert Blakey
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Anxious Attachment

Copious studies have identified a link between disorganised attachment and engagement in controlling caregiving or controlling punitive behaviours. Studies have suggested that consistently engaging in these behaviours can cause difficulties within relationships and contribute to the development of a personality disorder. Most of the literature thus far has focused on engagement in controlling behaviours by children with a disorganised attachment style, despite there being theoretical grounds to suggest they may also be used by adults and across all types of insecure attachment. This study aimed to address these gaps by looking at adult attachment style and engagement in controlling behaviours in romantic relationships, across all insecure attachment styles; avoidant, anxious and disorganised. The current study recruited a non-clinical sample; specifically, 149 English-speaking adults, living in the UK, between the ages of 18 and 77 years old (M = 34.28, SD = 14.90). The participants answered an anonymous online questionnaire containing four self-report measures which assessed the participants' attachment security and organisation, caregiving style and engagement in punitive behaviours. The results indicated that participants who scored higher in disorganised attachment were more likely to use controlling punitive behaviours in their romantic relationships. Moreover, participants who reported a more insecure-anxious attachment style were more likely to use compulsive caregiving behaviours in their romantic relationships. In contrast, participants who reported a higher insecure avoidant attachment style were less likely to use compulsive caregiving behaviours in their romantic relationships. These results have implications for adult attachment theory and aid the understanding of some of the behaviours that can be harmful within romantic relationships. The findings could be used to help at-risk individuals develop healthy interpersonal relationship going forward.

scholarly journals Attachment Styles and Self-Esteem among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Sanober Jamil ◽  
Dr. Hina Ayaz Habib ◽  
Laila Lodhia
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
P Value ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship

The current research aims to find the relationship between secure attachment style and self-esteem among latency adolescence. The assumptions developed for the study stated that a) secure attachment style would be positively correlated with self-esteem among Adolescents.  b) Insecure attachment style (anxious and avoidant) would be negatively correlated with self-esteem among adolescents. The sample of the study comprised of 180 adolescents including 90 male and 90 female adolescents with age ranges between 12 to 16 years (M=13.27, SD=1.13) were selected through purposive sampling technique from private schools based in Karachi, Pakistan. After taking approval from the authorities, the participant's assent to participate in the research was taken and a demographic form was administered. To measure the effect of attachment on self-esteem, the Attachment Style Classification Questionnaire (Finzi et al., 1996) and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) were used. Descriptive statistics and Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation were applied to study the correlation among the study variables. The finding shows a noteworthy relationship between secure attachment styles and self-esteem was found with an r-value of .118 and a P value of .116.

Attachment Style And Cortisol Response To Psychosocial Stress In Eating Disorder Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S426-S427
Author(s):  
R. Giugliano ◽  
A.M. Monteleone ◽  
F. De Riso ◽  
M. Nigro ◽  
F. Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Hpa Response

IntroductionStress exposure is a risk factor for both the onset and the maintenance of Eating Disorders (EDs). The attachment theory may provide a framework to explain the relationship between social stress and EDs, since secure attachment promotes the seeking for support in order to help people to face stressful events. The endogenous stress response system, including the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is likely involved in mediating the role of attachment in the subjects’ coping with stressful situations.Objectives and aimsWe explored cortisol responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) of patients with EDs in order to evaluate possible associations between subjects’ attachment styles and HPA axis functioning.MethodsTwenty-one adult patients with EDs (7 with secure attachment and 14 with insecure attachment) filled in the Experience in Close Relationship (ECR) questionnaire, which assesses the adult attachment style, and were exposed to the TSST. Saliva samples were collected before and after the stress in order to measure cortisol levels.ResultsAs compared to ED patients with secure attachment, those with insecure attachment showed a significant different pattern of the HPA response to the stress test.DiscussionPresent findings suggest that attachment style may influence the HPA response to stress in patients with EDs and this effect may have relevant implications for the pathophysiology of EDs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Predicting Young Adults’ Romantic Relationship Quality: Sibling Ties and Adult Attachment Styles

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Sommantico ◽  
Anna Rosa Donizzetti ◽  
Santa Parrello ◽  
Barbara De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Adult Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship Quality

Young adults’ romantic relationships have continually emerged as a significant area of study in psychological research. The authors examine possible associations between a measure of attitudes toward sibling relationships, a measure of adult attachment styles, and a measure of romantic relationship quality in a sample of 350 Italian university students (68.6% females, 31.4% males; age range 19-30 years, M age = 23.6 years, SD = 3.2). The authors tested the following hypotheses: that the perceived relationship quality between siblings was positively correlated with adult attachment styles and romantic relationship quality, that the frequent use of behaviors associated with adult attachment styles was negatively correlated with romantic relationship quality, and that attitudes toward sibling relationships and adult attachment styles predicted romantic relationship quality. Findings only partly supported the hypotheses, indicating that more positive attitudes toward sibling relationships and lower use of behaviors associated with avoidant attachment style influenced and predicted higher romantic relationship quality.

Attachment Orientations and Adult Alcohol Use Among Those With Childhood Adversities

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Edel Ennis ◽  
Kelly Trearty
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Alcohol Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
Attachment Orientation ◽  
Supportive Interventions

Abstract. Adverse psychological consequences have been associated with both alcohol abstinence and alcohol disorders. The current study considers those who have experienced childhood adversities and examines whether secure attachment orientation represents a protective factor against an increased likelihood of either abstinence/rare alcohol consumption or alcohol disorder diagnosis. Data were used from the National Comorbidity Survey-Revised (NCS-R) ( N = 5,692), a random sample representative of the American population. Adult personal alcohol use was considered in terms of abstinence/rare alcohol use, regular alcohol use, and alcohol disorder diagnosis. Analyses focused on those who had experienced childhood adversities ( N = 2,182) and assessed attachment orientation as a predictor of alcohol use. Within those who had experienced childhood adversities, in comparison with securely attached individuals, both anxiously attached individuals and avoidant attached individuals had a significantly increased likelihood of being in the alcohol disorder diagnosis group as opposed to the regular alcohol consumption group. Avoidant individuals also had a significantly increased likelihood of being in the abstinence/rare alcohol use group. Results are discussed in terms of subgroups (vulnerable individuals and families) that may benefit from supportive interventions, and what format these interventions might take.

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