scholarly journals Catastrophic health expenditure: the case of households with adults over 60 years of age in Peru – 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (111) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Mario Villegas Yarleque ◽  
Freddy Carrasco Choque ◽  
Ronald Hidalgo Armestar ◽  
Gretel Fiorella Villegas Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Catastrophic Spending

Within the health sector, it is vitally important to analyze whether households incur catastrophic spending for using such services. In this sense, the study seeks to estimate catastrophic health spending for households with members over 60 years of age. To achieve the objective, the methodology of the World Health Organization was used to find the way in which the household incurs in catastrophic spending, using as an instrument the National Household Survey of Peru, for the year 2019. The main results found were: that families living in urban areas, who have health insurance, who have a higher academic degree, decrease the probability of incurring in catastrophic spending, while being over 60 years old, having a chronic disease, suffering some permanent limitation and not having hygienic services, help to incur in catastrophic spending, so it was concluded that the most vulnerable areas should be attended to achieve a better welfare for older adults. Keywords: catastrophic expense, out-of-pocket expense, health insurance. References [1]J. Alvis, c. Marruco, N. Alvis, F. Gomes, Á. Flores and D. Moreno, «Gasto de bolsillo y gasto catastrófico en salud en los hogares de Cartagena, Colombia,» Salud Publica, 10 2018. [2]E. Giménez, L. Flores, J. Rodriguez, G. Ocampos and N. Peralta, «Gastos catastróficos de salud en los hogares del Paraguay,» Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, vol. 16, nº 2, 2018. [3]E. Gonzáles and J. García, «Gastos catastróficos en salud, transferencias gubernamentales y remesas en México, » Papeles de población, vol. 23, nº 91, 2017.[4]A. Hernández, C. Rojas, M. Santero, J. Prado y D.Rosselli, «health-related out-of-pocket expenses in older peruvian adults: analysis of the national householdsurvey on living conditions and poverty 2017,» Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica, vol. 35, nº 3, 2017. [5]O. Lazo, J. Alcalde and O. Espinosa, «El sistema de salud en Perú,» Lima , 2016. [6]World Health Organization Geneva, «Distribución del gasto en salud y gastos catastróficos Metodología,» 2005. [7]Organización Mundial de la Salud, «Organización Mundial de la Salud,» 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/topics/chronic_diseases/es/. [8]Organización Mundial de la Salud , «Organización Mundial de la Salud,» 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/es/.  

scholarly journals Mental health in the Dominican Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Hernández ◽  
Tresha Ann Gibbs ◽  
Luisa Gautreaux-Subervi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pan American ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Health Organization

The Dominican Republic is located in the Caribbean Sea and comprises three-quarters of the island Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. According to the 2002 census, approximately 8.5 million people live in the Republic, with 64% residing in urban areas (Oficina Nacional Estadística, n.d.). During 1990 and 2000, the Dominican Republic was a leader in economic development for Latin America and the Caribbean; however, this was not reflected in the areas of human and social development (Pan American Health Organization & World Health Organization, 2007). Less than 1 % of the health budget administered by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MISPAS) is allocated to mental health and the public system is generally underfunded (Pan American Health Organization & World Health Organization, 2008). However, there is an array of mental health services within the country when privately funded facilities are taken into account.

scholarly journals Progress of COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijah Abid ◽  
Yashfika Abdul Bari ◽  
Maryam Younas ◽  
Sehar Tahir Javaid ◽  
Abira Imran
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Shed Light

The outbreak of corona virus initiated as pneumonia of unknown cause in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, which has been now spreading rapidly out of Wuhan to other countries. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), and on March 11, 2020, the WHO announced coronavirus as pandemic. Coronavirus is thought to be increasing in Pakistan. The first case of coronavirus was reported from Karachi on February 26, 2020, with estimated populace of Pakistan as 204.65 million. Successively, the virus spreads into various regions nationwide and has currently become an epidemic. The WHO has warned Pakistan that the country could encounter great challenge against the outbreak of coronavirus in the coming days. This short communication is conducted to shed light on the epidemic of coronavirus in the country. It would aid in emphasizing the up-to-date situation in a nutshell and the measures taken by the health sector of Pakistan to abate the risk of communication.

Digital interventions to strengthen the health sector: World Health Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
SaurabhRamBihariLal Shrivastava ◽  
PrateekSaurabh Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Plan ahead by embracing retrospective approach: global health

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3754
Author(s):  
Arpita Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Improve Health

Many countries worldwide are experiencing a see-saw pattern in health sector as individuals demand for health services rise exponentially during their fear and anxiety of disease and death. But medical care alone cannot bring health (physical/mental) to people living in rural/urban areas. It is the blending of natural and man-made variables to overcome poverty, unemployment, poor sanitation, and, not to be excused, ailing health. It is likely to expect significant health improvements in those respective areas if given a radical approach. To address the needs of public, World Health Organization came up with some strategies to improve health guidelines, reduce health risks, to have immense progress and to support a sound lifestyle to every human in 1970s that were to be fulfilled by 2000. The term ‘Health for All’ was defined in 1981 in which its goals were interlinked with each other in some or the other way. For instance, to reduce crude death rate, some eradication programmes were being improvised and at the same time those programmes helped to increase life expectancy of individuals by improving quality of life. To put it in a nutshell, public health has always been a key factor of all time since the beginning of the universe, we need to realize that to diminish health inequalities, we have to amalgamate ancient and advanced technology in an effective pattern to improve health and address health issues as they begin to develop.

scholarly journals Trends in Measles Cases in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: A Five-year Review of Case-based Surveillance Data (2014- 2018).

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
NENI AWORABHI ◽  
Tamunowari Numbere ◽  
Mohammed Shakir Balogun ◽  
Aisha Usman ◽  
Rowland Utulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Case Based

Abstract Measles is a vaccine preventable, highly transmissible viral infection that affects mostly children under five years. It has been ear marked for eradication and Nigeria adopted the measles elimination strategies of the World Health Organization (WHO) African region to reduce cases and deaths. This study was done to determine trends in measles cases in Bayelsa State, to describe cases in terms of person and place, identify gaps in the case-based surveillance data collection system and identify risk factors for measles infection. We carried out a secondary data analysis of measles case-based surveillance data for the period of January 2014 to December 2018 obtained in Microsoft Excel from the State Ministry of Health. Cases were defined according the World Health Organization (WHO) standard case definitions. We calculated frequencies, proportions, estimated odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and multivariate analysis. A total of 449 cases of measles were reported. There were 245(54.6%) males, the most affected age group was 1-4 years with 288(64.1%) cases. Of all cases, 289(9.35%) were confirmed and 70 (48.27%) had received at least one dose of measles vaccine. There was an all-year transmission with increased cases in the 4th quarter of the year. Yenegoa Local Government Area had the highest number of cases. Timeliness of specimen reaching the laboratory and the proportion of specimens received at the laboratory with results sent to the national level timely was below WHO recommended 80%. Predictors of measles infection were, age less than 5 years (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.91) and residing in an urban area (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI:1.02-2.34). Measles infection occurred all-year round, with children less than 5 years being more affected. Measles case-based surveillance system showed high levels of case investigation with poor data quality and poor but improving indicators. Being less than 5 years was protective of measles while living in urban areas increased risk for infection. We recommended to state government to prioritize immunization activities in the urban centers, start campaigns by 4th quarter and continue to support measles surveillance activities while the federal government to strengthen regional laboratory capacities. Measles, Surveillance, Vaccination, Nigeria, Trend, Predictors

scholarly journals ANATOMI SEKURITISASI PANDEMI COVID-19: KOMPARASI ANTARA PAKISTAN DAN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Alfin Febrian Basundoro ◽  
Lazarus Andja Karunia
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Copenhagen School ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 yang melanda dunia hampir setahun terakhir mengakibatkan krisis yang masif di berbagai negara. Hingga Oktober 2020, WHO mencatat lebih dari 37 juta orang terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 dengan lebih dari 11 juta kasus aktif.[1] Tidak hanya sektor kesehatan masyarakat, pandemi ini juga menghancurkan sektor strategis lainnya, seperti ekonomi dan sosial-politik. Negara-negara di dunia dipaksa untuk melakukan serangkaian pembentukan kebijakan yang dapat seefektif mungkin mengurangi dampak pandemi terhadap warga negaranya, sekaligus mengatasi aneka permasalahan yang mengikuti pandemi tersebut dalam aneka sektor.[2] Makalah ini berusaha menganalisis secara komparatif dua negara berkembang yang mengalami dampak pandemi COVID-19 yang cukup signifikan, yakni Pakistan dan Indonesia. Sejumlah kemiripan kedua negara, seperti masifnya jumlah penduduk, kolaborasi sipil-militer yang cukup signifikan, penerapan kunci sementara (lockdown) parsial, dan penerapan sejumlah kebijakan lain yang bertujuan untuk menyelamatkan ekonomi nasional menjadi pertimbangan pemilihan topik ini. Sekuritisasi yang dilakukan oleh kedua negara sebagai upaya untuk memposisikan pandemi COVID-19 sebagai isu keamanan nontradisional yang pelik juga menjadi sorotan global terkait bagaimana negara berkembang mengatasi pandemi, dan karenanya, menarik untuk dianalisis. Copenhagen School akan menjadi konsep dasar dalam menganalisis sekuritisasi kedua negara secara komparatif, menekankan pada tahapan-tahapan sekuritisasi.[3] Nantinya, penelitian ini akan membandingkan seberapa efektif tindakan sekuritisasi yang dilakukan oleh kedua negara dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan penanganan pandemi COVID-19. Tidak hanya itu, penelitian ini juga mencakup apa saja faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan atau kegagalan sekuritisasi kedua negara. Orientasi penelitian akan cukup banyak berkutat pada hubungan sipil-militer kedua negara dan relasinya dalam desekuritisasi, juga sedikit menyentuh isu demokratisasi penanganan COVID-19.[1] World Health Organization, “WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard,” 7 Oktober 2020, https://covid19.who.int.[2] Alex Woodward, “5.4m Americans Lost Health Insurance during Coronavirus Pandemic,” The Independent, 14 Juli 2020, diakses pada 7 Oktober 2020,https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/coronavirus-health-insurance-pandemic-families-usa-report-a9617226.html.[3] Holger Stritzel, “Securitization Theory and the Copenhagen School,” dalam Security in Translation: Securitization Theory and the Localization of Threat, ed. oleh Holger Stritzel, New Security Challenges Series (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014), 11–37, https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137307576_2.

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