scholarly journals Promising measures to reduce the mortality in Russia: an analytical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-580
Author(s):  
Olga S. Kobyakova ◽  
Vladimir I. Starodubov ◽  
Daria A. Khaltourina ◽  
Viktor A. Zykov ◽  
Tatiana S. Zubkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
External Causes

The purpose of the study was to identify promising measures to reduce mortality in Russia. Methods used included analysis of systematic reviews from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results. Many reasonable measures for reducing mortality in Russia include promoting healthy behaviour (tobacco control, alcohol control, support for healthy diet, physical activity) and preventing death due to external causes. It is necessary to increase the effectiveness of disease management, including arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular accidents, hepatitis C, HIV. This could require intensifying digital transformation of health care, implementing modern teamwork approaches to the patient’s treatment and follow-up with greater involvement of nurses and other personnel. In terms of screening, it is essential to expand coverage and introduce modern, effective screening methods for colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and neonatal screening. It is necessary to expand vaccination against Covid-19, vaccination of the elderly from Pneumococcus, and adolescents from HPV. Prevention of mortality from external causes should include sets of measures targeted at the prevention of suicides, traffic accidents, fires, drownings, etc., in addition to alcohol control measures. Finally, increasing health care financing, including medication provision, can bring additional years of life. Conclusions. Russia has significant potential to implement new measures to reduce the mortality rate.

scholarly journals Determinants of prepaid systems of healthcare financing: a worldwide country-level perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Leiter ◽  
Engelbert Theurl
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Country Level

AbstractIn this paper we examine determinants of prepaid modes of health care financing in a worldwide cross-country perspective. We use three different indicators to capture the role of prepaid modes in health care financing: (i) the share of total prepaid financing as percent of total current health expenditures, (ii) the share of voluntary prepaid financing as percent of total prepaid financing, and (iii) the share of compulsory health insurance as percent of total compulsory prepaid financing. In the econometric analysis, we refer to a panel data set comprising 154 countries and covering the time period 2000–2015. We apply a static as well as a dynamic panel data model. We find that the current structure of prepaid financing is significantly determined by its different forms in the past. The significant influence of GDP per capita, governmental revenues, the agricultural value added, development assistance for health, degree of urbanization and regulatory quality varies depending on the financing structure we look at. The share of the elderly and the education level are only of minor importance for explaining the variation in a country’s share of prepaid health care financing. The importance of the mentioned variables as determinants for prepaid health care financing also varies depending on the countries’ socio-economic development. From our analysis we conclude that more detailed information on indicators which reflect the distribution of individual characteristics (such as income, family size and structure and health risks) within a country’s population would be needed to gain deeper insight into the decisive determinants for prepaid health care financing.

Public-Sector Health Care Financing

2011 ◽  
pp. 256-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Blomqvist
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Related Issue ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
General Revenue ◽  
Public Sector Health

This article discusses the share of expenses that should be covered by the public plan and looks at how those revenues should be raised. It deals with a fundamental issue that must be addressed in a system where government takes a major role in health care financing. This issue is about the relative importance of the public plan and private payments as sources of funding. Another related issue is how the revenue to pay for public spending on health care should be raised. The article discusses financing through general revenue and compares it with various forms of social insurance. A related issue is the financing of health care for the elderly in a social insurance system. The third fundamental question, finally, concerns the way money should be spent. The article discusses the nature of the contracts between providers and the public plan.

Problems in Oral Health Care Financing for the Elderly

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Meskin ◽  
Lynn D. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Oral Health Care

Hearing Health Care Utilization following Automated Hearing Screening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Folmer ◽  
Gabrielle H. Saunders ◽  
Jay J. Vachhani ◽  
Robert H. Margolis ◽  
George Saly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Hearing Health

Abstract Background The study examined follow-up rates for pursuing hearing health care (HHC) 6 to 8 months after participants self-administered one of three hearing screening methods: an automated method for testing of auditory sensitivity (AMTAS), a four-frequency pure-tone screener (FFS), or a digits-in-noise test (DIN), with and without the presentation of a 2-minute educational video about hearing. Purpose The study aims to determine if the type of self-administered hearing screening method (with or without an educational video) affects HHC follow-up rates. Research Design The study is a randomized controlled trial of three automated hearing screening methods, plus control group, with and without an educational video. The control group completed questionnaires and provided follow-up data but did not undergo a hearing screening test. Study Sample The study sample includes 1,665 participants (mean age 50.8 years; 935 males) at two VA Medical Centers and at university and community centers in Portland, OR; Bay Pines, FL; Minneapolis, MN; Mauston, WI; and Columbus, OH. Data Collection and Analysis: HHC follow-up data at 6 to 8 months were obtained by contacting participants by phone or mail. Screening methods and participant characteristics were compared in relation to the probability of participants pursuing HHC during the follow-up period. Results The 2-minute educational video did not have a significant effect on HHC follow-up rates. When all participants who provided follow-up data are considered (n = 1012), the FFS was the only test that resulted in a significantly greater percentage of HHC follow-up (24.6%) compared with the control group (16.8%); p = 0.03. However, for participants who failed a hearing screening (n = 467), follow-up results for all screening methods were significantly greater than for controls. The FFS resulted in a greater probability for HHC follow-up overall than the other two screening methods. Moreover, veterans had higher follow-up rates for all screening methods than non-veterans. Conclusion The FFS resulted in a greater HHC follow-up rate compared with the other screening methods. This self-administered test may be more motivational for HHC follow-up because participants who fail the screening are aware of sounds they could not hear which does not occur with adaptive assessments like AMTAS or the DIN test. It is likely that access to and reduced personal cost of audiological services for veterans contributed to higher HHC follow-up rates in this group compared with non-veteran participants.

scholarly journals Contact tracing in Lassa fever Outbreak Response, an effective strategy for control?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Ejembi ◽  
Uloaku Emma-Ukaegbu ◽  
Itopa Garba ◽  
Anthony Omale ◽  
Bala Dogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Care Workers

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors among contacts of Lassa fever cases which can predispose to disease spread and institute control measures.IntroductionContact tracing is an important strategy employed in surveillance to aid prompt detection of infectious disease and control outbreaks. It involves the identification of those who have come in contact with an infectious person and following them up for the duration of the incubation period of the disease to promptly detect symptoms and signs and institute treatment thus reducing chances of disease spread to other susceptible individuals. It is a primary means of disease prevention. The importance of cooperation from contacts being traced cannot be overemphasized as they are required to promptly report symptoms, avoid gatherings and travelling until they are cleared by the surveillance team. The follow-up should also link contacts who become symptomatic to designated care centers. In 2014, during the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria, the disease spread from Lagos to another State in the country by a contact who travelled out of Lagos to Rivers state.To identify risk factors among contacts of Lassa fever cases which can predispose to disease spread and institute control measures, we interviewed primary contacts of Lassa fever cases during an outbreak response in Kogi State Nigeria, 2016MethodsWe Identified contacts of Lassa fever cases (confirmed/suspected/probable) among family, friends, community members, co-workers and health care workers, followed up for 21 days during a Lassa fever outbreak which started in February 2016 at Kogi State Nigeria. Contacts were interviewed using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire with sections on demography, risk factors for infection and spread of Lassa fever, symptoms developed during the follow-up period and adherence to prorocol. Control measures were instituted to address identified gaps. We defined a contact as anyone irrespective of age, occupation or sex who came in contact with any of the cases of Lassa fever classified as either confirmed/suspected/probable and used standard IDSR case definitions for Suspected, Confirmed and Probable cases of Lassa fever. Data was analysed with Epi Info version 7ResultsOverall 149 contacts were interviewed, 79 (53.0%) were female, the mean age of respondents was 33.2 +-10.1 and many were health care workers 61(40.9%). Of the respondents, 18 (12.0%) live or work in areas infested with rodents, 21 (14.1%) ate bush meat, 2 (2.5%) of the females were pregnant and 20 (13.4%) of respondents travelled out of station with 1 (5%) contact crossing international borders. During the follow-up period, 14 (9.4%) developed symptoms suggestive of Lassa fever. Of these 12 (85.7%) sought treatment and the options were self-medication 3 (25.0%) and presenting at a health facility 9 (77.8%). The health facilities visited were mainly privately owned 7(77.9%) and only 1 (11.1) was a tertiary health care facility. We instituted the following interventions; Health education of contacts and linkage of symptomatic contacts to the designated treatment center where treatment commenced and samples were collected and sent to reference lab for diagnosis. All samples 14(100%) came back negative for Lassa fever.ConclusionsContact tracing is an important strategy in controlling outbreaks of infectious diseases. However, risk factors identified among contacts can hinder the effectiveness of this strategy and facilitate spread of the disease. We recommend training on health education and Lassa fever transmission for contacts of cases and the need to adhere to protocol so that the ultimate aim of interrupting transmission can be achieved.ReferencesNigeria Center for Disease Control.Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers,Preparedness and Response Plan.2017

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Access to Reliable Health Care Financing among Elderly Population in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Akintoyese Oyekola ◽  
Oludele Albert Ajani ◽  
Eyitayo Joseph Oyeyipo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

Population is ageing rapidly in all regions of the world and unreliable health care financing is capable of hindering older people from seeking competent medical attention which in turn may lead to their suffering, insecurity and/or death. In Africa, lack of access to reliable health care financing in old age poses serious development challenges and it is detrimental to healthy ageing, especially because elderly population are known to be facing various health challenges which require huge financial costs. Existing studies have shown that it is not sufficient to provide reliable health care financing for older people, it is more important to provide them access to these services. Ensuring that the elderly population has access to reliable health care financing in particular as well as other available and possible social support mechanisms that may encourage the provision of and access to reliable health care financing in general is a challenge and very key to healthy ageing. Through authors’ experiences in the health care system, narrative review of existing literature and interactions with some elderly people, this article explores various factors influencing older people’s access to reliable health care financing. It is believed that understanding of factors influencing access to reliable health care financing among older people in Africa will go a long way in directing policies toward the right course.

scholarly journals Hospital dentistry and the occurrence of pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Fabiane Teixeira GOMES ◽  
Edilson Fernando CASTELO
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Training And Support

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the oral health conditions of the elderly patients hospitalized and restricted to the bed and to correlate with the development of infections at a distance, especially pneumonia. To verify if the daily follow-up of the dental surgeon improves oral health and reduces the occurrence of respiratory infection in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with hospitalized and bed restricted elderly, two simple randomized groups, one group was evaluated and monitored daily by the dental surgeon, the other group was evaluated and received guidance on health care and oral hygiene and of dental prostheses. Results: Both groups presented poor health and oral hygiene and prosthetic conditions. There was improvement in the oral health conditions of both groups. Seven percent of the patients developed pneumonia during the period of hospital stay and the oral health of these patients were considered regular or bad. Conclusion: The performance of the dental surgeon promoted improvements in the oral health of both groups in the first evaluation, with no statistical difference between the group that received daily follow-up and the group that received guidelines, so it was concluded that oral health care should be a behavior of the team multidisciplinary, dentistry should intervene if the changes interfere in the clinical condition of the patient and offer training and support to the multidisciplinary team that is in the first line of care with hospitalized patients.

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among health-care workers exposed to cleaning and disinfectant chemicals, a 2-year follow-up study

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2002-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Helaly ◽  
Hanan H Balkhy ◽  
Khan Waseem ◽  
Sahdia Khawaja
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Ventilatory Function ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Care Workers

Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that exposure to cleaning chemicals among health-care workers (HCWs) is associated with respiratory disorders and ventilatory function changes. This study aimed to further explore this association using a longitudinal approach. A prospective 2-year follow-up study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia from June 2012 to June 2014 among 56 nurses who were responsible for disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments and equipment. The workplaces of the participants were assessed for engineering, environmental, and safety control measures. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all participants to assess their exposure to cleaning chemicals and their medical history. Spirometric parameters were measured for all nurses in 2012 (baseline) and again in 2014 (follow-up). The prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms did not increase significantly over this time. Among all the spirometric parameters, only forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio decreased significantly, and only 10.7% of participants who were exposed to cleaning chemicals for more than 10 years had FEV1 and FVC less than their longitudinal normal limits at the end of the study. Smoking and gender were associated with statistically significant decreases in some of the spirometric parameters. Our 2-year follow-up study did not demonstrate significant association between exposure to cleaning chemicals among HCWs and changes in the prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms, but indicated early effects on ventilatory function among them. The study highlights the importance of periodic spirometry, proper work practices, and effective control measures to protect HCWs against potentially harmful workplace chemicals for disinfection and sterilization.

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