scholarly journals Study on the mechanism of public service emergency response to public health emergency. Take Wuhan as example

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Geng ◽  
◽  
Zaiyu Fan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Service System ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
And Control

With the frequent occurrence of epidemic diseases such as “SARS”, “H1N1”, “MERS”and“COVID19”, public health emergencies, which are characterized by large-scale, high risk, strong persistence and high risk, have become more and more obvious threats to the life and health of urban residents and put forward a huge test to the urban public service system. As the first city of COVID-19 human infection, the core of the epidemic spread and the worst-hit area, Wuhan is an ideal case study. Based on the analysis of the epidemic prevention and control actions in the first three months of the outbreak in Wuhan, this paper evaluates the vulnerability of the public service system and facilities in Wuhan. The results show that Wuhan is faced with many problems, such as the failure of community-level public service facilities, the imbalance of public service allocation in the central city, and the significant gap of graded service supply, when dealing with public health emergencies. Further studies found that due to the lack of dynamic early warning mechanism, the decoupling of public service construction from the urbanization process, the difficulty of service turnover and subsidence and other factors, the public service response was delayed. Based on these practical difficulties, this paper puts forward the construction path of the emergency response mechanism for the city level public service system, specifically including the following six key contents: (1) Improving the emergency plan path of the public service system; (2) Establishing the organizational structure of the emergency management system according to the administrative divisions; (3) Building a community-based mobilization system; (4) Establishing the regional joint defense and control interaction mechanism in public health emergencies; (5) Reserving appropriate strategic construction space; (6) Strengthening the emergency infrastructure construction. Finally, based on the path of emergency response mechanism, this paper proposes the corresponding city wide spatio-temporal prevention and control network strategy, so as to provide a reference for the realization of city health and order.

scholarly journals The Evolution Model of Public Risk Perception Based on Pandemic Spreading Theory under Perspective of COVID-19

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yi-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Guo-Bing Zhou ◽  
Nai-Ru Xu ◽  
Jia-Bao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
And Control

After the occurrence of public health emergencies, due to the uncertainty of the evolution of events and the asymmetry of pandemic information, the public’s risk perception will fluctuate dramatically. Excessive risk perception often causes the public to overreact to emergencies, resulting in irrational behaviors, which have a negative impact on economic development and social order. However, low-risk perception will reduce individual awareness of prevention and control, which is not conducive to the implementation of government pandemic prevention and control measures. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately evaluate public risk perception for improving government risk management. This paper took the evolution of public risk perception based on the COVID-19 region as the research object. First, we analyze the characteristics of infectious diseases in the evolution of public risk perception of public health emergencies. Second, we analyze the characteristics of risk perception transmission in social networks. Third, we establish the dynamic model of public risk perception evolution based on SEIR, and the evolution mechanism of the public risk perception network is revealed through simulation experiments. Finally, we provide policy suggestions for government departments to deal with public health emergencies based on the conclusions of this study.

Will Routine Annual Influenza Prevention and Control Systems Serve the United States Well in a Pandemic?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. S160-S165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne S. Ringel ◽  
Melinda Moore ◽  
John Zambrano ◽  
Nicole Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Influenza Prevention ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the extent to which the systems in place for prevention and control of routine annual influenza could provide the information and experience needed to manage a pandemic.Methods: The authors conducted a qualitative assessment based on key informant interviews and the review of relevant documents.Results: Although there are a number of systems in place that would likely serve the United States well in a pandemic, much of the information and experience needed to manage a pandemic optimally is not available.Conclusions: Systems in place for routine annual influenza prevention and control are necessary but not sufficient for managing a pandemic, nor are they used to their full potential for pandemic preparedness. Pandemic preparedness can be strengthened by building more explicitly upon routine influenza activities and the public health system’s response to the unique challenges that arise each influenza season (eg, vaccine supply issues, higher than normal rates of influenza-related deaths). (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3(Suppl 2):S160–S165)

Construction and improvement of the public health system in conditions of normalization of epidemic prevention and control (on the example of PRC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
D. Yang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Of Epidemics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Great Victory

New coronavirus pneumonia has had a significant impact on people's health and safety since the outbreak in the early 2020. The latest version of the new coronavirus pneumonia virus is still spreading around the world. China's public health system has passed a severe test: under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the joint efforts of people of all ethnic groups, China won a great victory in the anti-epidemic campaign. Nevertheless, the public health system has also identified some challenges that need to be actively addressed in the area of medicine and health during the prevention and control of epidemics. This article deals with these issues.

scholarly journals Reflecting on the first two COVID-19 deaths in Uganda: a public health case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kawuki ◽  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
Nathan Obore ◽  
Johnson Wang ◽  
Joseph Lau
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Public ◽  
First Case ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective: COVID-19 being a rapidly evolving pandemic, early lessons from the first deaths must be learnt to help feed into the public health guidelines. This study, therefore, aims to present the first two deaths due to COVID-19 in Uganda and their public health relevance.Cases: The first case was a 34-year female and support staff at a health center II. She first presented with COVID-19 like symptoms before dying on 21st July 2020. The second case was an 80 years old female, who also presented with COVID-19 like symptoms before dying on 24th July 2020. The postmortem samples of both cases were confirmed positive for COVID-19. Conclusion: This study identifies a need for timely identification and testing of COVID-19 suspects, strengthening of health center capacity, as well as more awareness for effective prevention and control of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Prediction of COVID-19 Based on Epidemiological Data From Spatiotemporal Geography

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong He ◽  
Chunshan Zhou ◽  
Yuqu Wang ◽  
Xiaodie Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
And Control

COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease and public health hazard that has been wreaking havoc around the world; thus, assessing and simulating the risk of the current pandemic is crucial to its management and prevention. The severe situation of COVID-19 around the world cannot be ignored, and there are signs of a second outbreak; therefore, the accurate assessment and prediction of COVID-19 risks, as well as the prevention and control of COVID-19, will remain the top priority of major public health agencies for the foreseeable future. In this study, the risk of the epidemic in Guangzhou was first assessed through logistic regression (LR) on the basis of Tencent-migration data and urban point of interest (POI) data, and then the regional distribution of high- and low-risk epidemic outbreaks in Guangzhou in February 2021 was predicted. The main factors affecting the distribution of the epidemic were also analyzed by using geographical detectors. The results show that the number of cases mainly exhibited a declining and then increasing trend in 2020, and the high-risk areas were concentrated in areas with resident populations and floating populations. In addition, in February 2021, the “Spring Festival travel rush” in China was predicted to be the peak period of population movement. The epidemic risk value was also predicted to reach its highest level at external transportation stations, such as Baiyun Airport and Guangzhou South Railway Station. The accuracy verification showed that the prediction accuracy exceeded 99%. Finally, the interaction between the resident population and floating population could explain the risk of COVID-19 to the highest degree, which indicates that the effective control of population agglomeration and interaction is conducive to the prevention and control of COVID-19. This study identifies and predicts high-risk areas of the epidemic, which has important practical value for urban public health prevention and control and containment of the second outbreak of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The trend of morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 under the first-level public health emergency response in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingya Xu ◽  
Xiling Lin ◽  
Xiaowen Pan ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency Response ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to declaration of public health emergency of international concern by World Health Organization and the first-level public health emergency response in China. We aimed to share the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism taken in Mainland China and evaluate the effectiveness.Methods A powerful Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism was adopted to fight against COVID-19 in Mainland China. Data were collected from the daily epidemic reports released by the national and provincial health commissions of China from January 21 to April 6, 2020. Global data were collected from daily situation reports by World Health Organization.Results As of April 6, 2020, there were 81,740 confirmed COVID-19 cases (32 new) in Mainland China. The case fatality ratio was 4.74% and 0.85% in and outside Hubei respectively. It is gratifying to see that there were up to 22 provinces reporting zero new infections, but it can’t be ignored that there were 1,196,651 confirmed cases (68,700 new) reported in over 221 countries and territories outside China and the total death number were 69,274, nowadays China is facing great challenges of imported cases.Conclusions Great achievements have been made in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Mainland China, but it is still a major challenge worldwide. The comprehensive and powerful control measures taken by Mainland China have proved to be effective and might be applicable to other regions.

scholarly journals Prevention and control mechanism for coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic at the primary level: perspective from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Response System ◽  
And Control

Abstract After the 2003 SARS epidemic, China started constructing a primary-level emergency response system and focused on strengthening and implementation of policies, resource allocation. After 17 years of restructuring, China's primary-level response capabilities towards public health emergencies have greatly improved. During the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, primary-level administrative and medical personnel, social organisations, volunteers, etc. have played a significant role in providing professional services utilising the primary-level emergency response system of 17 years. However, China's organisations did not learn their lesson from the SARS epidemic, and certain problems are exposed in the system. By analysing the experience and shortcomings of China's disease prevention and control system at the primary level, we can focus on the development of disease control systems for major epidemics in the future.

H5N1 in wild and domestic birds in Europe – remaining vigilant in response to an ongoing public health threat

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Needham ◽  
Collective Influenza team (ECDC)
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Domestic Birds ◽  
And Control

Since the emergence of A/H5N1 in the winter of 2005-2006 at the border of the European Union (EU), including human cases in Turkey, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has developed assessments on the public health risks from A/H5N1, and guidance on how to protect those that may be exposed to the virus.

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