scholarly journals Manajemen Nyeri Kronis pada Kehamilan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Budi Yulianto Sarim ◽  
Bambang Suryono
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
Pelvic Girdle Pain ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
In Pregnancy

Menurut IASP ( International Association of the Study of Pain) nyeri didefinisikan sebagai “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or describe interm of such damage”. Nyeri adalah rasa inderawi dan pengalaman emosional yang tidak menyenangkan akibat adanya kerusakan jaringan yang nyata atau yang berpotensi rusak atau sesuatu yang tergambarkan seperti itu.Kelainan muskuloskeletal yang sering dialami oleh wanita hamil adalah berupa nyeri lumbopelvis pada kehamilan (pelvic girdle pain) dan nyeri kronis lumbal (low back pain).Adapun yang menyebabnya adalah faktor hormonal, faktor mekanis dan vaskuler. Manajemen untuk nyeri kronis pada wanita hamil dapat dilakukan melalui manajemen non farmakologis dan manajemen farmakologis. Manajemen non farmakologis dapat dikerjakan dengan cara fisioterapi, terapi distraksi, terapi musik, guided imaginary dan relaksasi. Untuk manajemen farmakologis, obat – obatan yang dapat diberikan adalah asetaminofen, NSAID dan analgesik opioid.   Management Chronic Pain in Pregnancy Abstract According to the IASP (International Association of the Study of Pain) pain is defined as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or describe the interim of such damage". Pain is a sensation and or emotional experience unpleasant and disturbing as a result of tissue damage, or potential tissue damage. Musculoskeletal disorders are often experienced by pregnant women is pelvic girdle pain and chronic pain lumbar. The etiology of that is the hormonal factor, mechanical factors and vascular factors. Management of chronic pain in pregnancy can be done through non-pharmacological management and pharmacological management. Non pharmacological management can be done by means of physiotherapy, distraction therapy, music therapy, guided imaginary and relaxation. For pharmacological management can be given is acetaminophen, NSAIDs and opioid analgesics.

scholarly journals GABA RECEPTORS AND PAIN REGULATION

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Magnaghi ◽  
Marcella Motta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Injuries ◽  
Pain Regulation

Pain is an adaptive sensation that normally appears as a warning, activated in response to a damage of the organism. Pain serves to protect the organism to further tissue injuries. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defined pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (see definition on the IASP homepage at www.iasp-pain.org). Pain can be generally divided into two categories, acute and chronic pain: acute pain is properly a sudden warning pain which signals that something is wrong in the body. If the cause is not removed acute pain may develop in chronic pain, which is persistent and debilitating.

scholarly journals Co-Players in Chronic Pain: Neuroinflammation and the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Tanaka ◽  
Nóra Török ◽  
Fanni Tóth ◽  
László Vécsei
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
World Health ◽  
Peripheral Sensitization ◽  
Systematic Classification

Chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that persists or recurs more than three months and may extend beyond the expected time of healing. Recently nociplastic pain has been introduced as a descriptor of mechanism of pain, which is due to disturbance of neural processing without actual or potential tissue damage, appearing to replace a concept of psychogenic pain. An interdisciplinary task force of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) compiled a systematic classification of clinical conditions associated with chronic pain, which was published in 2018 and will officially come into effect in 2022 in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization. ICD-11 offers the option for recording the presence of psychological or social factors in chronic pain; however, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions in the pathogenesis of chronic pain are missing. Earlier pain disorder was defined as a condition with chronic pain associated with psychological factors, but it was replaced with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) in 2013. Recently clinical nosology is trending toward highlighting neurological pathology of chronic pain, discounting psychological or social factors in the pathogenesis of pain. This review article discusses components of the pain pathway, the component-based mechanisms of pain, central and peripheral sensitization, roles of chronic inflammation, and the involvement of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites, exploring participations of psychosocial and behavioral factors in central sensitization of diseases progressing into development of chronic pain, comorbid diseases that commonly present a symptom of chronic pain, and psychiatric disorders that manifest chronic pain without obvious actual or potential tissue damage.

scholarly journals Co-Players in Chronic Pain: Neuroinflammation and the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Masaru Tanaka ◽  
Nóra Török ◽  
Fanni Tóth ◽  
Ágnes Szabó ◽  
László Vécsei
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
World Health ◽  
Peripheral Sensitization ◽  
Systematic Classification

Chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that persists or recurs more than three months and may extend beyond the expected time of healing. Recently, nociplastic pain has been introduced as a descriptor of the mechanism of pain, which is due to the disturbance of neural processing without actual or potential tissue damage, appearing to replace a concept of psychogenic pain. An interdisciplinary task force of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) compiled a systematic classification of clinical conditions associated with chronic pain, which was published in 2018 and will officially come into effect in 2022 in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization. ICD-11 offers the option for recording the presence of psychological or social factors in chronic pain; however, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions in the pathogenesis of chronic pain are missing. Earlier pain disorder was defined as a condition with chronic pain associated with psychological factors, but it was replaced with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) in 2013. Recently clinical nosology is trending toward highlighting neurological pathology of chronic pain, discounting psychological or social factors in the pathogenesis of pain. This review article discusses components of the pain pathway, the component-based mechanisms of pain, central and peripheral sensitization, roles of chronic inflammation, and the involvement of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites, exploring the participation of psychosocial and behavioral factors in central sensitization of diseases progressing into the development of chronic pain, comorbid diseases that commonly present a symptom of chronic pain, and psychiatric disorders that manifest chronic pain without obvious actual or potential tissue damage.

scholarly journals MODERN VIEW OF DIAGNOSIS AND APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN IN CHILDREN WITH PARALYTIC SYNDROMES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4(42)) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
N. Orlova ◽  
O. Riga
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pain Mechanisms

Over the past decades, more and more attention in medical science has been paid to the diagnosis and study of pain mechanisms in the pediatric population. According to experts in the field of chronic pain in children, it occurs in 12% of all pediatric patients, which negatively affects the quality of children’s life and life of their families. Today, a particularly important problem in most countries of the world is pain in children with paralytic syndromes of III - V level according to GMFCS. About 20-35% of children with paralytic syndromes suffer from chronic pain. Although there are means and knowledge on how to treat pain, children's pain is often not recognized, ignored, or even denied. More than 50% of children with paralytic syndromes suffer from moderate to severe pain daily and in several parts of the body. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as “an unpleasant, sensual, and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or perceived tissue damage. The inability to communicate verbally does not negate the possibility that the individual is in pain and needs appropriate analgesic treatment. Pain is always subjective ... ". Determining the type of pain helps to identify its cause, which can guide the choice of treatment. The main cause of pain in children includes acute nociceptive pain (ie pain caused by activation of peripheral nerve endings, including somatic and visceral pain), neuropathic pain (ie due to damage or dysfunction of the somatosensory system), psychosocial - spiritual - emotional pain. Chronic pain is a continuous or intermittent pain that lasts longer than the expected normal recovery period. Chronic pain can also occur and persist in the absence of a specific pathophysiology or medical condition. The expression of pain depends on a child's age, cognitive development and socio-cultural context.

What is Chronic Pain?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Definition Of

What is pain? The official definition of pain is “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.” This comes from the International Association for the Study of Pain, the world’s top pain research...

scholarly journals The Challenge of Chronic Pain Management by PM&R Specialist

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Maria Regina Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Rehabilitation Medicine ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Chronic Pain Management ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

According to the definition from international association for the study of pain (IASP), pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Besides, there are many term of unpleasant sensory that complaint by patient as a pain, such as allodynia, hyperalgesia, and hyperesthesia. The pain is one of the most cases that came to seeking a doctor. The data from Indonesian National Health Insurance (JKN) from 2014-2017 have revealed that pain cases were the most frequent in Rehabilitation Medicine Services, i.e. low back pain, knee pain, and shoulder pain. The prevalence of pain is increasing along with ageing, sedentary life style, obesity and chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Cannabinoids in Chronic Pain: Therapeutic Potential Through Microglia Modulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nynke J. van den Hoogen ◽  
Erika K. Harding ◽  
Chloé E. D. Davidson ◽  
Tuan Trang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Cb2 Receptors ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
Peripheral Immune Cells

Chronic pain is a complex sensory, cognitive, and emotional experience that imposes a great personal, psychological, and socioeconomic burden on patients. An estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide are afflicted with chronic pain, which is often difficult to treat and may be resistant to the potent pain-relieving effects of opioid analgesics. Attention has therefore focused on advancing new pain therapies directed at the cannabinoid system because of its key role in pain modulation. Endocannabinoids and exogenous cannabinoids exert their actions primarily through Gi/o-protein coupled cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors expressed throughout the nervous system. CB1 receptors are found at key nodes along the pain pathway and their activity gates both the sensory and affective components of pain. CB2 receptors are typically expressed at low levels on microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells. In chronic pain states, there is a marked increase in CB2 expression which modulates the activity of these central and peripheral immune cells with important consequences for the surrounding pain circuitry. Growing evidence indicate that interventions targeting CB1 or CB2 receptors improve pain outcomes in a variety of preclinical pain models. In this mini-review, we will highlight recent advances in understanding how cannabinoids modulate microglia function and its implications for cannabinoid-mediated analgesia, focusing on microglia-neuron interactions within the spinal nociceptive circuitry.

scholarly journals Pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Walters ◽  
Simon West ◽  
Tanya A Nippita
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
Pelvic Girdle Pain ◽  
In Pregnancy
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