Industrial pollution and vegetable farming in sharada industrial layout of Kano municipal area council

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Ikenna Uzonu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Vegetable Farming

This work examined the effects of industrial effluents on surface water used for vegetable irrigation in Kano City of Kano State. As the population of Kano increases, more demand is placed on these industries for products thus leading to the generation of large volumes of effluents that are discharged directly into nearby streams without treatment. The usage of this surface water for vegetable irrigation by a significant number of vegetable farmers is a matter of major concern due to the presence of pollutants. Some of the field measurements were carried out insitu while others were taken to the laboratory for analysis. Groundwater samples were taken from a borehole and two hand-dug wells while surface water was taken from point of discharge and two other points along the Challawa River which is the main source of water for vegetable irrigation. Composite soil samples were taken from four points within the vegetable farms. The Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Ministry of Environment standards were used as baseline standards for limits. Results show that presence of Fe, Pb, Mn, Cr and Cd were found to be above the FMEnv limits in the soil, the presence of SO4, Cu and K were also found to be above the FMEnv limits as well in groundwater while BOD, NO2 and Cr were above the FEPA limit for surface water. Some of the recommendations include constant monitoring for the presence of heavy metals in soils and irrigation water and that the need for the construction of both primary and secondary treatment plants has become essential.

Managing the impacts of mining on Ghana’s water resources from a legal perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasirudeen Abdul Fatawu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Legal Perspective

Recent floods in Ghana are largely blamed on mining activities. Not only are lives lost through these floods, farms andproperties are destroyed as a result. Water resources are diverted, polluted and impounded upon by both large-scale minersand small-scale miners. Although these activities are largely blamed on behavioural attitudes that need to be changed, thereare legal dimensions that should be addressed as well. Coincidentally, a great proportion of the water resources of Ghana arewithin these mining areas thus the continual pollution of these surface water sources is a serious threat to the environmentand the development of the country as a whole. The environmental laws need to be oriented properly with adequate sanctionsto tackle the impacts mining has on water resources. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure needs to bestreamlined and undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and not the company itself.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND HEAVY METAL DETERMINATION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS OF IBADAN CITY, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
O. O. Okoyomon ◽  
H. A. Kadir ◽  
Z. U. Zango ◽  
U. Saidu ◽  
S. A. Nura
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemical ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The rise of heavy metal presence in environmental waters has made it necessary to continuously examine industrial effluents to maintain the quality of the environment. The focus of this study is centered on determining the heavy metal concentrations and some physicochemical parameters in twelve industrial effluents samples collected from various locations across Ibadan city. A composite sampling method was utilized to obtain representative effluent samples of the 12 Industries (categorized into food, beverage, tobacco, plastic, Pharmaceutical, chemical, and allied industries) and borehole samples from around the city were used as control. The effluent samples were digested by nitric acid (HNO3) and analyzed for cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method (AAS). Some physicochemical parameters such as pH (Jenway 3510 pH meter), total dissolved solids (Hanna TDS meter), total suspended solids, and phosphate were determined. The heavy metal mean values were compared with Federal Environment Protection Agency (FEPA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard values shown in table 1. The mean concentrations of heavy metal in the industrial effluent samples were Cu (0.32 mg/L), Pb (0.037 mg/L), Ni (0.50 mg/L), Co (0.037 mg/L), Cd (0.016 mg/L), Fe (54.0 mg/L) and Cr (0.44 mg/L). It was found that Chemical and allied industries have the highest concentration for metals such as Fe (128 mg/L), Ni (1.1 mg/L), and Cu (0.27 mg/L) while Cr (0.0067 mg/L) and Co (0.08 mg/L) were obtained in the Food/Beverage and pharmaceutical industries respectively. Conclusively, the industries around the Ibadan city stand as potential contributors to pollution, hence a periodical and continuous assessment effort are recommended.

Impact of Wastewater Treatment Regulations on Rural Communities

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
C. Edwin Young
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Federal Water Pollution Control

Federal and state laws require all communities to construct and operate facilities to treat domestic sewage. The 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (P.L. 92–500) require that all facilities provide the “best practical treatment” by 1977. They established the goal of “best available treatment” by 1983. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines best practical treatment as secondary treatment. It is the premise of this paper that required treatment levels and cost sharing arrangements specified in the current wastewater treatment laws impose relatively greater economic costs on small rural communities than on larger communities.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DE RISCO DE CONTAMINAÇÃO DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS E SUPERFICIAIS DA REGIÃO DE PETROLINA (PE) E JUAZEIRO (BA)

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERA L. FERRACINI ◽  
MARIA C. Y. P. PESSOA ◽  
ADERALDO S. SILVA ◽  
CLÁUDIO A. SPADOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Degradation Time

Analisou-se o potencial de contaminação das águas subterrâneas e superficiais do Submédio do Rio São Francisco por pesticidas aplicados nas culturas de manga e uva, mediante critérios da Environmental Protection Agency, do índice de GUS e critérios propostos por GOSS. Todos os critérios utilizados levam em consideração as propriedades dos produtos aplicados, não demandando custos elevados nem muito tempo para o levantamento das informações e para a avaliação do potencial de contaminação. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a importância de disponibilizar informações sobre as propriedades físico-químicas dos pesticidas, principalmente o coeficiente de adsorção, cujo valor permite a previsão da mobilidade do composto no solo. Este fator, integrado ao conhecimento do tempo de degradação do produto até a metade de sua concentração inicial (meia-vida) no solo, fornece informações sobre a sua influência no potencial de contaminação das águas. Os resultados deste trabalho propiciam o conhecimento dos pesticidas com maior potencial de contaminação dos recursos hídricos, os quais devem ser priorizados no monitoramento ambiental “in loco”. GROUND AND SURFACE WATER OF THE REGIONS PETROLINA (PE) AND JUAZEIRO (BA) Abstract The contamination potential of ground water and surface water in the sub-middle portion of San Francisco river basin was analyzed for pesticides applied in mango and grape cultivation by following the criteria of Environmental Protection Agency and to the index of GUS and criteria proposed by GOSS. All the criteria used take into consideration the applied products properties, by not demanding high costs nor a long time for rising information and evaluating contamination potential. The results obtained reinforce the importance of information publication on the physicochemical properties of pesticides, especially data on adsorption coefficient, whose values allow to predict the pesticide mobility in soils. This factor combined with the pesticide degradation time to the half of its initial concentration (half life) in the soil, provides information on pesticide water contamination potential. The results of this work allow the identification of the pesticides with higher contamination potential to water resources, which should be prioritized in environmental monitoring “in loco”.

Herbicide dynamics in the Bogue Phalia watershed in the Yazoo River basin of Mississippi

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Stephen M. Schraer ◽  
Joby Prince ◽  
Michele Boyette
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Health Advisory ◽  
Yazoo River Basin ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
The U.S

A two-year surface water reconnaissance of the Bogue Phalia and its tributaries was conducted in 1997 and 1998. Cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Cyanazine and metolachlor were detected in 101 and 132 of 160 samples, respectively. Cyanazine concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 2.2 g L−1and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lifetime health advisory level (HAL) of 1 g L−1in eight samples. However, concentrations never exceeded the HAL for shorter exposure times. Metolachlor concentrations never reached the lifetime HAL of 100 g L−1. Metolachlor concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 20.6 g L−1. Metolachlor was detected more frequently and found to be more persistent throughout the growing season than was cyanazine. Higher cyanazine and metolachlor concentrations were detected at sampling dates that coincided with herbicide applications. One of the Bogue Phalia's tributaries, Clear Creek, was found to be a point-source of cyanazine for the watershed.

scholarly journals Effects of surface gold mining on surface and groundwater bodies in Bibiani, Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
F. N. Gyawu-Asante ◽  
S. Aikins ◽  
R. B. Voegborlo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Dug Wells

A study of the water sources from Bibiani and its environs was conducted between November, 2009 and April, 2010 to determine whether contamination (of water sources) from (these parameters) physical, chemical and trace metal in Bibiani is as a result of mining or geochemicaland biochemical processes within the environment. This was done by collecting water samples from two streams, two rivers, three boreholes (BHs) and three hand dug wells (HDWs). These were analysed in the laboratory. Levels of Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), pH, TotalDissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature, Alkalinity, Hardness, Phosphate (P) and Cyanide (CN) in water sources were determined. Mining related contaminants detected in water samples were As, CN, Mn and Fe. It was observed that surface water pH values were generally higher than that of groundwater samples. As concentrations in surface water samples were higher compared to that of groundwater samples. Also, CN concentration in ground water samples was higher than that of surface water. Ground water contained higher concentration of Mn than surface water; the opposite can be said of Fe concentration in surfacewater which was higher than that of ground water. The study also observed that pH, TDS, EC, total alkalinity, total hardness , Arsenic and total cyanide levels in the HDW and BH samples showed 100% compliance with the WHO and EPA limits while Mn and Fe levels indicated traces of non – compliance. Compared to WHO / EPA guidelines, few water sources had one or moretrace metal (Fe, As and Mn) levels outside acceptable limits for drinking. However, most of the levels were safe for human consumption.Keywords: Surface, gold mining, quality, degradation, Bibiani

scholarly journals Radon Concentration Measurement in Groundwater of Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Garg ◽  
Gopal Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Fresh Water Resource

Groundwater is the largest fresh water resource and radon is a radioactive naturally occurring noble gas that may be found anywhere in soil, air and water due to decay of uranium in rocks. It is important to investigate the radon in groundwater to safeguard against the health hazard caused due radon. The results presented here are from radon concentrations measured using RAD7 detector in 9 representative groundwater samples collected from hand pumps from southern parts of Roorkee in Haridwar district of Uttrakhand. Radon activity concentration was found in the range of 0.55+0.22 Bq L-1 to 3.39+0.28 Bq L-1 with an average value of 2.16+0.37 Bq L-1. Radon values were compared with United State Environmental Protection Agency value of 11 Bq L-1. The radon activity trend was found within the permissible limit.

Evaluation of Microbiological Quality of Agricultural Water and Effect of Water Source and Holding Temperature on the Stability of Indicator Organisms' Levels by Seven U.S. Environmental Protection Agency–Approved Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
ACHYUT ADHIKARI ◽  
VIJAY SINGH CHHETRI ◽  
ANDREA CAMAS
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Holding Temperature

ABSTRACT The Food Safety Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule requires covered produce growers to monitor the quality of their agricultural water on a regular basis by some U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)–approved methods recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In this study, we evaluated the changes in the population of indicator organisms in surface water up to 6 months, and the effects of water source and holding temperature on the survival of indicator organisms by seven EPA-approved methods (five methods for Escherichia coli and two methods for Enterococcus). The levels of E. coli and Enterococcus in the surface water were variable with sampling month, ranging from 1.61 ± 0.04 to 2.68 ± 0.15 log most probable number (MPN)/100 mL and from undetectable level to 1.19 ± 0.29 log MPN/100 mL, respectively. At 25°C (holding temperature), there were significant reductions (P < 0.05) in E. coli and Enterococcus populations in surface water after 48 and 24 h, respectively, whereas at 4°C, no significant changes in the bacterial populations were observed up to 48 h. Methods 1603, 1604, 1103.1, 10029, and Colilert showed a comparable sensitivity in quantifying E. coli, whereas method 1600 and Enterolert showed a variable sensitivity with the type of water. The results indicated that regular monitoring of agricultural water is essential to examine whether the microbial quality of water is appropriate for its intended use. Water samples should be maintained at 4°C to minimize the changes in microbial populations between sampling and testing. The comparison of the sensitivity of EPA methods for quantifying indicator organisms could provide growers with useful information for choosing the method for their water quality analysis. HIGHLIGHTS

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Valuation of Surface Water Quality Improvements

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Griffiths ◽  
Heather Klemick ◽  
Matt Massey ◽  
Chris Moore ◽  
Steve Newbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Protection Agency
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