scholarly journals Effects of a 12-Week Lifestyle Intervention on Novel Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in Obese Latino Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Jared Rosenberg ◽  
Armando Peña ◽  
Gabriel Shaibi ◽  
Joon Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

In obese non-diabetic youth, glucose response curve (GRC) and 1-hr glucose concentration during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) represent novel biomarkers for T2D risk. Obese youth with monophasic- vs. biphasic-GRC and 1-hr glucose concentration of ≥155 (Above155) vs. <155 mg/dL (Below155) are at increased risk for T2D. However, to date, it is unknown whether these OGTT-derived phenotypes can be improved in response to any interventions, thereby hindering their practical use as indicators of intervention effectiveness. The purpose of this was to investigate the effects of lifestyle intervention on OGTT-GRC and 1-hr glucose concentration in obese Latino youth at increased risk for T2D. Sixteen obese Latino youth (age 15.6±0.9 years; 7M/9F; body mass index %tile=98.3±1.2) completed a 12-week lifestyle intervention that included weekly nutrition education and 180 minutes of moderate-vigorous exercise per week. All participants completed a 2-hr OGTT before and after the lifestyle intervention to assess changes in OGTT-GRC & 1-hr glucose as well as other pathophysiological risk factors including insulin sensitivity index, insulinogenic index, and oral disposition index (oDI). Chi-square and paired t test were used to compare changes in response to the intervention. At baseline, the prevalence of biphasic-GRC and Below155 was 12.5% and 43.8%, respectively. After the 12-week intervention, OGTT-derived phenotypes were improved, exhibiting significant increases in the prevalence of biphasic-GRC (37.5%, P=0.05) and Below155 (75%, P=0.042). Together with improvement on GRC and 1-hr glucose, oDI was enhanced (Pre: 7.36 ± 6.20 vs. Post: 8.16 ± 5.13, P<0.05), despite no improvement in insulin sensitivity index and insulinogenic index. A 12-week lifestyle intervention is efficacious in improving glucose response curve and 1-hr glucose concentration during an OGTT in conjunction with ß-cell improvement in obese Latino youth. Our data further suggest that these emerging T2D risk biomarkers have prospective utility in terms of assessing change following interventions/therapeutic trials.

scholarly journals The association of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up: The Maastricht Study

Diabetologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2315-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk F. J. Geraets ◽  
Sebastian Köhler ◽  
Rutendo Muzambi ◽  
Casper G. Schalkwijk ◽  
Anke Oenema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Skin Autofluorescence ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Depression is twice as common in individuals with type 2 diabetes as in the general population. However, it remains unclear whether hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance are directly involved in the aetiology of depression. Therefore, we investigated the association of markers of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, measured as continuous variables, with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up. Methods We used data from the longitudinal population-based Maastricht Study (n = 2848; mean age 59.9 ± 8.1 years, 48.8% women, 265 incident depression cases, 10,932 person-years of follow-up). We assessed hyperglycaemia by fasting and 2 h post-load OGTT glucose levels, HbA1c and skin autofluorescence (reflecting AGEs) at baseline. We used the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR to calculate insulin resistance at baseline. Depressive symptoms (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10) were assessed at baseline and annually over 4 years. We used Cox regression analyses, and adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors. Results Fasting plasma glucose, 2 h post-load glucose and HbA1c levels were associated with an increased risk for incident depressive symptoms after full adjustment (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.08, 1.33]; HR 1.25 [1.08, 1.44]; and HR 1.22 [1.09, 1.37] per SD, respectively), while skin autofluorescence, insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR were not (HR 0.99 [0.86, 1.13]; HR 1.02 [0.85, 1.25]; and HR 0.93 [0.81, 1.08], per SD, respectively). Conclusions/interpretation The observed temporal association between hyperglycaemia and incident depressive symptoms in this study supports the presence of a mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and the development of depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals The shape of the glucose response curve during an OGTT heralds β−cell function in a large Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
Yuxiu Li ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background The shape of the glucose response during an oral glucose tolerance test can detect β-cell function and insulin resistance. But there were few studies in Chinese, so we aimed to verify the utility of these connections in a large Chinese population. Methods A total of 11,866 times of 3-h OGTT were categorized to either a monophasic or a multiphasic group based on the shape of the glucose response. Homeostasis model assessments of fasting insulin resistance, Matsuda index, insulinogenic index and the disposition index were assessed by plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration obtained at fasting or during an OGTT. Results Individuals with a monophasic shape had significantly higher glucose, insulin, and had significantly lower insulin sensitivity and impaired β-cell function than multiphasic group. In addition, Individuals were younger with a multiphasic shape compared to those with a monophasic shape. Conclusion The monophasic OGTT glucose response curve could reflect impaired β-cell function in a large Chinese population.

scholarly journals The shape of the glucose response curve during an OGTT heralds β−cell function in a large Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
Yuxiu Li ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background The shape of the glucose response during an oral glucose tolerance test can detect β-cell function and insulin resistance. But there were few studies in Chinese, so we aimed to verify the utility of these connections in a large Chinese population. Methods A total of 11,866 times of 3-h OGTT were categorized to either a monophasic or a multiphasic group based on the shape of the glucose response. Homeostasis model assessments of fasting insulin resistance, Matsuda index, insulinogenic index and the disposition index were assessed by plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration obtained at fasting or during an OGTT. Results Individuals with a monophasic shape had significantly higher glucose, insulin, and had significantly lower insulin sensitivity and impaired β-cell function than multiphasic group. In addition, Individuals were younger with a multiphasic shape compared to those with a monophasic shape. Conclusion The monophasic OGTT glucose response curve could reflect impaired β-cell function in a large Chinese population.

scholarly journals The shape of the glucose response curve during an OGTT heralds β−cell function in a large Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
Yuxiu Li ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background The shape of the glucose response during an oral glucose tolerance test can detect β-cell function and insulin resistance. But there were few studies in Chinese, so we aimed to verify the utility of these connections in a large Chinese population. Methods A total of 11,866 times of 3-h OGTT were categorized to either a monophasic or a multiphasic group based on the shape of the glucose response. Homeostasis model assessments of fasting insulin resistance, Matsuda index, insulinogenic index and the disposition index were assessed by plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration obtained at fasting or during an OGTT. Results Individuals with a monophasic shape had significantly higher glucose, insulin, and had significantly lower insulin sensitivity and impaired β-cell function than multiphasic group. In addition, Individuals were younger with a multiphasic shape compared to those with a monophasic shape. Conclusion The monophasic OGTT glucose response curve could reflect impaired β-cell function in a large Chinese population.

1663-P: Monophasic Glucose Response Curve Reflective of Glucose Intolerance in Young Mexican Americans

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1663-P
Author(s):  
JASMIN JENKINS ◽  
CESAR MEZA ◽  
MANUEL AMADOR ◽  
ANDREW J. MCAINCH ◽  
SUDIP BAJPEYI
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Glucose Response

The Role of Disordered Eating in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110024
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Vela ◽  
Brooke Palmer ◽  
Virginia Gil-Rivas ◽  
Fary Cachelin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Increased Risk

Rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus continue to rise around the world, largely due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, overeating, and lack of physical activity. Diet and eating is often the most challenging aspect of management and, when disordered, has been associated with increased risk for diabetes-related complications. Thus, there is a clear need for accessible and evidence-based interventions that address the complex lifestyle behaviors that influence diabetes management. The current study sought to assess the efficacy and acceptability of a pilot lifestyle intervention for women with type 2 diabetes and disordered eating. The intervention followed a cognitive behavioral therapy guided-self-help (CBTgsh) model and included several pillars of lifestyle medicine, including: diet, exercise, stress, and relationships. Ten women completed the 12-week intervention that provided social support, encouraged physical activity, and addressed eating behaviors and cognitions. Results indicate the lifestyle intervention was a feasible treatment for disordered eating behaviors among women with type 2 diabetes and was also associated with improved diabetes-related quality of life. The intervention was also acceptable to participants who reported satisfaction with the program. The current CBTgsh lifestyle intervention is a promising treatment option to reduce disordered eating and improve diabetes management.

Exercise training increases GLUT-4 protein concentration in previously sedentary middle-aged men

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. E896-E901 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Houmard ◽  
M. H. Shinebarger ◽  
P. L. Dolan ◽  
N. Leggett-Frazier ◽  
R. K. Bruner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Glut 4

The purpose of this study was to determine if 14 wk of exercise training would increase insulin-sensitive glucose transporter protein (GLUT-4) concentration in skeletal muscle of previously sedentary middle-aged men (47.2 +/- 1.3 yr; n = 13). Muscle samples (lateral gastrocnemius) and insulin action [insulin sensitivity index (ISI), minimal model] were obtained in the sedentary condition and 48 h after the final training bout. GLUT-4 protein concentration increased (P < 0.001, 2,629 +/- 331 to 4,140 +/- 391 absorbance units/100 micrograms protein) with exercise training by 1.8-fold. ISI increased by twofold (P < 0.05, 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 3.4 +/- 0.7 SI x 10(5) min/pM) with training. The percentage of GLUT-4 rich type IIa muscle fibers increased by approximately 10% (P < 0.01), which may have contributed to the elevation in transporter protein. GLUT-4 concentration and citrate synthase activity (1.7-fold, P < 0.001) also increased by similar increments. These findings indicate that GLUT-4 protein concentration is elevated in middle-aged individuals with exercise training.

Insulin treatment fails to abolish the teratogenic potential of serum from diabetic rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parri Wentzel ◽  
Ulf J Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Teratogenic Potential

Wentzel P, Eriksson UJ. Insulin treatment fails to abolish the teratogenic potential of serum from diabetic rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:459–66. ISSN 0804–4643 Maternal diabetes during pregnancy constitutes an increased risk for congenital malformations in the offspring. Previous studies have identified several serum components with teratogenic activity, e.g. glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate, but have also suggested that the teratogenic influence of the diabetic environment on the developing embryo is multifactorial and may depend upon changed concentrations of several maternal metabolites. In the present investigation we aimed to assess the teratological impact of small, concomitant alterations in a series of metabolites, particularly those not previously identified as teratogens. We thus investigated the influence of a mild diabetic environment by culturing gestational day-9 rat embryos in serum from insulin-treated diabetic rats for 48 h in vitro, and compared the embryonic outcome with that obtained after culture in normal serum and in serum from manifestly diabetic rats without insulin treatment. The glucose concentration was adjusted to 10 or 30 mmol/l in the cultures, and the embryos were evaluated with respect to crown–rump length, protein and DNA content, number of somites and malformation score (comparing major, minor or no malformations). We found that increased glucose levels caused embryonic maldevelopment in both normal and diabetic serum, and that despite normalization of the diabetic state, the serum from the insulin-treated diabetic rats caused more growth retardation than the nondiabetic control serum. The normalized diabetic serum was also more teratogenic than the normal serum at the low glucose concentration, whereas the serum from the manifestly diabetic rats tended to cause more dysmorphogenesis at 30 mmol/l glucose than both the normal and normalized diabetic serum. The results suggest that the teratogenicity of maternal serum in diabetic pregnancy is not mediated exclusively by increased concentrations of glucose and ketone bodies. The efforts to diminish the teratogenic effects of a diabetic environment should therefore include normalization of a multitude of serum factors, including glucose and ketone bodies. Parri Wentzel, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Biomedicum, PO Box 571, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden

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