scholarly journals Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
Rabia Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Maleeq-Ul-Islam Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate

The major objective of this study is to check the effect of external debt on the GDP growth of Pakistan. For this purpose annual time series data were used for the period 1980 to 2020. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was applied to check the stationary status of the data and the least square method was applied for the estimation of the results. For the analysis GDP growth rate was taken as a dependent variable and other variables, such as economic growth (Annual %), inflation rate (CPI %), Foreign Direct Investment net inflow (% of GDP), multi-lateral debt services (% of public and publically generated debt service), Total debt service (% of GNI), Short term debt (% of total reserves) were taken as explanatory variables. Findings revealed that the total debt and multilateral debt negatively affect the GDP growth rate, whereas, FDI and short term debt are positively associated with growth rate. It is suggested that to improve the economic growth Pakistan should focus on investment projects and there is a need to implementation better policies for foreign debt utilization

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
IRUM SAJJAD ◽  
IRUM SAJJAD ◽  
DR. MUHAMMAD AZAM KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test

This article is an attempt to evaluate the effect of external debt on economic growth for during the period of 1980–2016. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test is used for determining stationarity, whereas the ADF test results exhibit that the variables used found are . The empirical results indicate that external debt and total debt service have deleterious and statistically significant impacts on GDP growth rate. The other explanatory variables namely human capital by life expectancy, exports, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)reveals significantly positive significant influence on GDP growth rate. Appropriate policy should be adopted by the policy makers to reduce external debt, increase volume of exports and enhance more foreign investment, it will boost economic growth in the country.

scholarly journals Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth in Jordan for the Period (2010-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdalla Moh’d AL-Tamimi ◽  
Mohammad Sulieman Jaradat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Impact

The study investigates the effect of external debt on economic growth in Jordan by using annual data for the period (2010-2017) by using external debt as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) as an independent variable, and GDP growth rate (A proxy for economic growth) as a dependent variable. The study starts with theoretical literature for the impact of external debt on economic growth, then empirical literature for previous studies that analyze the same relationship, after that analyzing the impact of external debt on economic growth in Jordan during the period (2010-2017). The study finds the same conclusion as previous studies that there is a negative and significant impact of external debt on economic growth during the study period, and recommends relying on other financing methods like foreign direct investment.

scholarly journals INNOVATION EFFECT THROUGH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN 35 OECD COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Maman Ali M. Moustapha ◽  
Qian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Development Expenditure

This paper analyzes the effect of research and development (R&D) expenditures on economic growth in the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over the period 2000-2016. This study conducts an empirical analysis using a multiple regression model. The main findings confirm that an increase in research and development expenditure by 1% would generate an increase of real GDP growth rate to 2.83 %. The implication emerging from this study is that government and institutions need to increase investment in R&D expenditures to fulfill inclusive economic growth perspective.

Education, Technical Progress, and Economic Growth in the Information Age

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuat Sekmen ◽  
Mehmet Toptas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Market Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate

Recent studies consider education and human capital growth as a main source of economic growth. In the classical model, population growth and capital accumulation was envisaged as an engine of economic development. Population and market rate of wages were believed to have mutual affinity. Neoclassical model, it is known as Solow Model, shows capital accumulation would increase the growth rates in the short run, but cannot generate any long run GDP growth rate increase. The Solow model implies that economies will conditionally converge to the same level of income, given that they have the same rates of savings, depreciation, labor force growth, and productivity growth. This study firstly examines the structural and economic changes in Turkish economy and then analysis the effect of education and the role of technical progress on Turkish economic growth during the period 1990-2012. This study finds out that the real GDP growth rate is dependent on capital formation and growth rate of labor force.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT LIABILITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Joshua Matanda ◽  
Samuel Mbalu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Private Debt ◽  
Independent Variables

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of external debt liability on economic growth in Kenya. Materials and Methods: The descriptive research design was adopted. The target population was three institutions: The National Treasury, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, and the World Bank. The study used time series data. The designated sample for this study covered a period of 43 years (1977–2019). Secondary data was used in this study. The data collected was on GDP of Kenya between 1977 and 2019, External public debt in terms of US dollars from 1977 to 2019, External private debt from 1977 and 2019 and external debt service payments from 1977 to 2019, all in US dollars. A data collection sheet was used to collect the data on the four variables. World Bank and World Development Indicator economic Meta data and published data by Central Bank of Kenya and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics were the source of data for this study. The study used Eviews version 10 for analyzing and presenting study findings. The study employed multivariate time series and panel data regression analysis. The model employed GDP as a measure of economic growth and external public debt, external private debt, and external debt service payment as its main independent variables. Results:  The study found out that only the external private debt and the debt service payment showed bilateral causal relationship. External public debt and external private debt had a positive and significant effect on the GDP, indicating that external debt promotes economic growth in Kenya. The external debt service payment showed a negative and a significant effect on the GDP as well. The model explained 97% variability of the GDP as explained by the three independent variables combined. The 3% is attributed to other factors, not included in this study. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends a more robust multivariate model to be employed to include more macro-economic variables to explain economic growth. A decade-to-decade comparison can also be done to compare the effects of the external debt on Kenyan economic growth in different time intervals. Fiscal and monetary policies should be reviewed to encourage more domestic and foreign investments and discourage external borrowing to fund budget deficits or projects with low or no returns.

scholarly journals Taxation, government spending and economic growth: The case of Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
G. Ganchev ◽  
◽  
I. Todorov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this article is to estimate the impact of three fiscal instruments (direct taxes, indirect taxes, and government expenditure) on Bulgaria’s economic growth. The study employs an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and Eurostat quarterly seasonally adjusted data for the period 1999–2020. Four control variables (the shares of gross capital formation, household consumption, and exports in GDP as well as the economic growth in the euro area) are included in the model to account for the influence of non-fiscal factors on Bulgaria’s real GDP growth rate. The empirical results indicate a long-run equilibrium relationship between Bulgaria’s economic growth and the independent variables in the ARDL. In the short term, Bulgaria’s real GDP growth rate is affected by its own past values and the previous values of the shares of direct tax revenue, exports, government consumption, and indirect tax revenue in GDP. In the long term, Bulgaria’s economic growth is influenced by its own previous values and the past values of the share of household consumption in GDP and the euro area’s real GDP growth rate. Fiscal instruments can be used to stabilize Bulgaria’s growth in the short run but they are neutral in the long run. The direct tax revenue, government consumption, and indirect tax revenue are highly effective and can be used as tools for invigorating and stabilizing Bulgaria’s economic growth in the short run. However, in the long term, the real GDP growth rate can be hastened only by encouraging domestic demand (final consumption expenditure of households) and promoting exports. This research cannot answer the question of whether flat income taxation stabilizes the economy or not, since it does not separate the impact of tax rate changes from the influence of tax base modifications.

scholarly journals Domestic Debt and Economic Growth in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p207
Author(s):  
Josephat Lotto ◽  
Catherine T. Mmari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Domestic Debt ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The main objective of this paper was to examine the impact of domestic debt on economic growth in Tanzania for the period 1990 to 2015 using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method to estimate the effects. The study finds that there is an inverse but insignificant relationship between domestic debt and the economic growth of Tanzania as measured by GDP annual growth. The inverse relationship between domestic debt and GDP may be caused by different factors such as; increased trend in domestic borrowing, government lenders’ profile dominated by commercial banks and non-bank financial institutions which promotes the “crowding out” effect; the nature of the instruments used by the government ; the improper use of the domestic borrowed funds which may include funding budgetary deficits, paying up principal and matured obligations on debt, developing financial markets as well as fund other government operations. Other control variables relate with the GDP as predicted. For example, Inflation (INF) has a negative effect on the GDP growth rate, but the relationship is not statistically significant, while gross capital formation (GCF) has a positive statistically significant effect on GDP growth rate. Furthermore, foreign direct investment (FDI) showed a positive effect on the GDP growth rate and export (X) has a positive effect on GDP growth rate, and the relationship is statistically significant explaining that if a country applied an export-led growth economic strategy it enjoys the gains of participating in the world market. This means that an increase in export stimulates demand for goods which leads to increase in output, and as a country’s output increases, the economic performance also takes a similar trend. Finally, government expenditure (GE) had a negative effect on the GDP growth rate which may be explained by the increased government expenditures which are funded by either tax or borrowing. Therefore, what is required for countries like Tanzania is to have better debt management strategies as well as prudential financial management while maintaining to remain within the internationally acceptable debt level of 45% of GDP and maintain a GDP growth rate of not less than 5%. It is important for the country to realize from where to borrow from, the tenure, the risks involved and limitations to borrowing and thus set the right balance of combination of both kinds of debt. Another requirement is to properly utilize the borrowed funds. The central government’s objective should be to use the funds in more development-oriented projects that bring positive returns to the economic development.  The government should not only create a right environment and policies for investment to attract investment from domestic and foreign sources but also be cautious about the kind of investments that the foreign investors make.

scholarly journals INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE EXAMPLE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Jelena Bjelić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

An investment is a factor of the economic growth and a mandatory constituent in the majority of development models. This study analyzes the impact of the gross investment on the economic growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) for the period 2005-2017, and provides the assessment of the interdependence of investment and a newly added value in industry. The relationship between the foreign investment and the economic growth is also included. The dependent variables are the GDP growth rate and the added value in industry (as % of GDP). The independent variables are the total investment rate (as % of GDP) and the foreign investment rate (as % of GDP). The hypothesis is that the gross investment and the foreign investment are positively correlated with the GDP growth rate. The investments contribute to a higher newly added value in industry. The results show that the gross investment is a significant factor of the economic growth because there is a high significance and positive correlation between the observed variables (the total investment and the GDP growth). This shows that the investment growth stimulates the economic growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina. But the dynamic analysis as an investment-GDP ratio shows oscillations. The impact of investments on the share of the newly added value in industry is insignificant and negative. The results of the dynamic analysis are similar. The relationship between the variables of the foreign investment rates and the GDP growth is significant and positive. Although the foreign investments are not sufficient, they still contribute, to a certain extent, to the economic growth of BiH.

scholarly journals Covid-19, Remittance Inflow, and Economic Growth Rate in Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Arbind Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Ground

The proliferation of COVID-19 pandemic over the globe is anomalously hurting the world’s economy. The paper aims to reveal the possible loss in economic growth rate for FY 2020 due to plausible retardation in remittance/GDP size of Nepal under COVID- 19 regime by utilizing transmission approach, trend forecast, and ordinary least square method form 2000 to 2019. The study harvests two premises: first, remittance/GDP has a positive estimate to the economic growth rate and second, if the pandemic proliferates more, and if it downsizes the remittance/ GDP size by 25% to 75%, it reduces the projected GDP growth rate (6.95) up to 6.68 to 5.3% respectively for FY 2020. However, domestic literature also supports the strong role of remittance on the micro-level. Therefore, the microeconomic impact of the virus may be more appalling than the macro-economic ground.

Energy constraints on economic growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
V. Tsibulskiy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents analytical estimates of the relationship between such economic characteristics as gross domestic product, energy consumption and the degree of complexity of the economy, characterized by the number of stages of product conversion. These estimates are largely based on statistics for the world economy and the Russian economy. Considering, within the framework of the presented model, the possibility of increasing the GDP growth rate of the domestic economy will require a signifi cant reduction in energy tariff s and an increase in the scale of its production.

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