Impact of individual psychological contract breach on organizational citizenship behavior at individual level: Mediating role of trust in supervisor

This study investigates the relationship between individual psychological contract breach on organizational citizenship behavior at individual level and to test the mediation effects of trust in supervisor. The study was carried out in software industry of KPK, Pakistan. Data was gathered from 337 operational level executive (i.e. executive, assistant manager, manager) through randomly selected sampling method. Numerous statistical techniques (correlation, regression) had been used to deduct the results. Results indicate that individual psychological contract breach significantly predicts organizational citizenship behavior at individual level and with trust in supervisor and fully mediates the indirect relationship between individual psychological contract breach and organizational citizenship behavior at individual level. This research also provides the empirical evidence regarding significance of individual psychological contract grounded on social exchange and affective events theory in the context of KPK, Pakistan. Lastly, contribution of study, limitations and future directions are also discussed.

The Impact of Work Life Balance, Role Conflict and Work Overload on Employee Turnover Intention through the mediating role of Job Stress

The current study is to find out the impact of Work Life balance, Role Conflict and Work Overload on Employees Turnover Intention with the mediating role of job stress of Abdul Wali Khan University (AWKUM) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Working in educational institutions is complex and dynamic in nature, therefore in these conditions employees faces many stresses. Referable to the most troubling of these fears the most affected relationship is the low performance of employees working in Abdul Wali Khan University (AWKUM) because of the stress. Different stressor in the management of universities like Work Life Balance, Role conflict and Work Overload are important determinants of stress. The workplace has some harsh realities, worldwide one of the basic challenges facing in an organization is their employee’s performance affected by stress. The employees who are working in different sectors of an organization have to deal with stress. Similarly, the university workers are among the same to deal with the stress. The performance of an organization is dependent on employee’s working ability and if the employees are in stress than their overall performance will be negatively affected, resulting in inefficiency and staff turnover. . To study stress in universities, the survey has conducted through a questionnaire designed by the Donald A Buckingham (2004) and KavithaVenugobal (2017). The questionnaire was sent to 300 respondents and 270 answered the questionnaire, which represents a response rate of 89.6%. Based on data collected, the correlation and regression of the variables were carried out in SPSS. The outcomes of the analysis show that Work Life Balance negatively affects the stress level of employees while Role Conflict and Work overload positively affect the job stress level of employees. As the job stress is the mediator in the study, its effect on employee turnover intention is positive. This study will help decision-makers to identify important stresses and see their impact on job stress.

The Contribution of Islamic Micro Finance Towards Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study of Bank of Khyber Khud Kifalat Scheme

The aim of this research is to investigate role of Microfinance in Poverty alleviation. Primary data was used in this research and was collected through personally administered questionnaires from 150 respondents. Results showed that most of the respondents were in favor of the Khud Kafalat scheme because it helped them in increasing their living standards and standard of education of their children due to establishing small scale businesses or expanding existing businesses. Moreover, Khud Kafalat Scheme has a very important role in Poverty alleviation and increased their gross monthly income. Furthermore, their satisfaction can also be depicted from the fact that although they observed no change in their employees’ condition but on individual level, most of them, were still in favor of applying again for the loan, if needed, in the future.

A Mystery of Academic and Industrial Skill Discordance among Business Graduates in Pakistan

The study had explored the cognitive, non-cognitive and vocational skill required by the Pakistani organizations and found that there are various dimension that employer are interested among their potential employee. It was observed that Non cognitive are the more deficient one among the focused and as per gender is concerned their little response as per all skills however on Non-cognitive skills a bet more maturity exist among female candidates whereas the confidence level and lower literacy rate disturb their response on job market. Curriculum covering the Field specific theoretical and practical knowledge there is rare convergence on field specific practical knowledge. The study reveals a higher attention on industry academia collaboration through developing a high level of university-Industry linkages.

An Investigation of the correlation between Distributive Justice and Employee Performance considering the Mediating character of Career Incentives: A case study ofCall center industry of Pakistan

This paper is unique foe being among the few research studies that investigated the impact of distributive justice on employee’s performance considering the mediating aspect of economic benefits or career incentives. For this study, 120 call center employees were randomly selected as the participants of this study however, only 112 responses were assumed reliable and trustworthy for further investigation. For the selection of the participants 10 call centers were selected randomly that are operating in the twin – cities (RWP-ISB) of Pakistan. Various analysis including Hierarchical regression, descriptiveand correlation analysis were employed for the investigation of data and for hypothesis testing. Upon the evaluation of the overall findings of this study, A strong positive correlation is discovered between distributive justice and employee’s performance. Furthermore, a mediating role of economic benefits or career incentives have been discovered on the relationship between distributive justice and employee’s performance. For future research, it is suggested that the researchers should take into account both the organizational features and individual characteristics to get an insight to the the influence of career incentives over performance of employees in an organization. In this regard, an organization should implement a tremendously competitive and effective compensation plan and an attractive remuneration package and some additional employee’s incentivesprograms in proximity with the supreme procedures of distributive justice to accomplish long term and consistent sustainability to get desired level of performance.

An Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Higher Educationin Developing Knowledge Economy in Pakistan

Knowledge is the key for growth and development of any country. Historically, only those countries succeeded and advanced which based their economies on knowledge. Higher education authorities in Pakistan are trying to promote the notion of knowledge economy in the country. This paper provides an exploratory analysis of various factors and indicators which disclose relationship between the higher education products and economic indicators of the country. There are four main pillars of knowledge economy i.e. education and training, information infrastructure, economic incentive &institutional regime, and innovation systems. Progress on different economic indicators is analyzed and concluded that investment in higher education is not supporting a shift in the nature of economy in Pakistan. Spontaneous and temporary steps may further deteriorate the situation. The paper urges on an overall restructuring of higher education policy and procedure of its implementation in contemporary economic and financial scenario of the country and globe.

Analysis of Various Factors Contributing To Police Corruption In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Around the world police institution has been established for ensuring peace, enforcing law and protecting life and property of public. Policeplays a vital role in controlling crimes in society and their services are considered as good, but police corruption has also been occurred throughout history and therefore it is by no means a new phenomenon. In Pakistan too police are perceived as corrupt and there exist various social, economic, political and structural causes of police corruption.The multiplicity of these causes and its aftermaths in delivery of justice require immense research in the field. Looking into the issue the current study was conducted in province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to know the opinion of in-service police about prevalence of corruption in police department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the contributing factors which compel police personnel for corruption. Data was collected through structured questionnaires from in-service police, using purposive sampling techniques. The data collected from 150 respondents who were serving in police department.According to findings of the study 88.7% respondents opined that corruption prevails in police department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study identified low salaries, lack of accountability, recruitment through bribes, political patronage, corruption of senior officers, lack of public awareness and lack of resources as major causes of police corruption. To eliminate corruption from police department, the study suggestsstrict and unbiased accountability, increase in salaries, public awareness,discouraging political interference, establishment of an independent commission for controlling corruption and strict disciplinary action against those involved in corruption.

The Impact of Corporate Governance on Earnings Management: The Case Of Pakistan Textile Industry

Due to globalization and expansion in the world markets, the sensitivity of investor’s confidence has become a challenge especially in the wake of issues related to stock prices, earnings management (EM), the stability of income levels and corporate governance (CG) application. This study aims to explore the usefulness of four traits of corporate governance mechanism in constraining earnings management activities. By using five years’ observations of 109 textile companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period 2013-2017. Traits comprising of board size, gender diversity, board experience and qualification of board member are analyzed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Results of the study submit that board experience; finance qualification and business qualification have a negative significant impact on EM thus contends that experienced board members having business and finance qualification discourage earnings manipulation. While, positive and significant impact of board size on earnings management is an indication of loss of control due to its large size. Moreover, gender diversity and chartered accountancy are found irrelevant to EM in our case.

Reversing the Brain Drain of Human Capital through China Pakistan Economic Corridor

The research aims to assess the effect of CPEC on reversing the brain drain of Pakistan’s human capital. The research study is based on secondary data by using research articles, economic surveys, Bureau of Immigration and Overseas Employment etc. CPEC being a multibillion-dollar “Game Changer” can enhance the socio-commerce dimensions by reversing the brain drain of human capital of the country. It can only be possible by devising a viable strategic plan by the government for “Diaspora engagement policies”. The local and overseas Pakistanis should be involved in the projects only through their mobilization and engagement just like China and India did. Although, the present research article gives an insight to socio-economic impact of CPEC on Pakistan.

Why do the urgency of stakeholders matter more in the firm performance?

This study is an attempt to scrutinize the importance of different stakeholders with respect to financial performance (FP hereafter) in emerging countries context. Unlike developed countries, every element of the corporate social responsibility (CSR hereafter) is not supposed to generate similar corporate payback in the context of developing countries. Enterprises take considerable care to categorize these stakeholders in proper sequence for better corporate results. It was found empirically that CSR disclosure (CSRD hereafter) relevant to employees and communities have direct relationship with the firm‟s performance in term of earning per share (EPS).The results of this study will portray a comprehensive picture for corporate decision makers to realize the priorities and urgency of different beneficiaries for corporate benefits, existence and prosperity in the context of developing countries like Pakistan.