scholarly journals The Impact of Industrial Policy on Export Diversification: Some Empirical Evidences from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Amir Azam
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The Impact

Export sector is considered as the backbone of any economy. The economy which is efficient and competitive in global market enjoys better export performance otherwise become dependence on foreign goods market. Pakistan being a developing economy faces worse export performance as compare to its past competitors and currently economy faces huge current account deficit. The current study made an attempt to check the relationship between Industrial Policy and export diversification using ARDL approach because of different integration nature of variables under consideration from 1980-2018. The findings of the study suggests that there is strong relationship between industrial Policy instruments and export diversification both in short run and long run and by enhancing strong and visionary Industrial Policies and less relying on imports, the economy can enjoy sufficient growth and diversify its export structure.

scholarly journals The Comparative Analysis of the Industrial Policy Impact on Export Performance in the Military and Democratic Regime of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Amir Azam
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Export Subsidy ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

Since independence, the economy has always suffered from the power struggle between democracy and autocracy, which significantly damaged the economy and gave birth to different economic issues, the export sector being one of the top most affected. Once titled among Asian Tigers, the country’s export overseas yields even to Bangladesh. The current study attempts to analyse the impact of industrial policy on export performance under democracy and autocracy. Many authors and past studies have argued that Pakistan lacks the long-term farsighted industrial policy. The paper considers the industrial policy instruments, import tariff, export subsidy, export rebate, R&D expenditures, industrial expenditures and export processing zone, while export sophistication, export diversification and export competitiveness are used as indicators of export performance from 1980 till 2018. The result of the study indicates that the democracy type of a regime promotes industrialization with expanding export base and competitiveness, while the autocratic type of a regime is helpful in producing sophisticated goods.  The analysis is focused on the descriptive basis by comparing the changes and growth in democracy and autocracy, while the Error Correction Model has been applied to see the adjustment of shocks and structural changes. Export sophistication and export diversification show a significant convergent effect, while export competitiveness demonstrates a divergent relation with our independent variables. The findings suggest that it is of sheer necessary to have a long-term farsighted industrial policy under conditions of stability to attract more and more investment in the economy to sophisticate, diversify and promote competitiveness.

scholarly journals EXPORT FINANCE: A TOOL FOR PROMOTING EXPORT IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dr. Mridula Singhal ◽  
Devendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Export Marketing ◽  
Export Credits ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Export Finance play a crucial role in growth and development of export sector in any economy, which face a tough competition from rest of world. It is an essential and prime element for successful operation of various internal and external activities to grow the export business sector. In view of many scholars and economists, export is considered as the engine of growth and development of any country. Presently, India’s total export is contributing approx. 2% in the world’s trade. In export trading the 6 Ps concepts of export marketing are depending on the availability of export finance assistance in terms of share, cost and period of time. This study attempts to analyze and review the impact of export finance used by various exporters on their export profitability, performance on varied interest rate, cost of finance and special schemes related to pre and post shipment stage in export trading. To analyze the role and importance of various financial institutions in providing the financial assistance to the exporters in India helps and supports to export sector to grow in the right direction and also to achieve the specific goals. This research paper provides meaningful information to policy maker who want to reform their export structure, promotion schemes and increase the nation’s competitiveness in present era. KEYWORDS: Export Finance, Financial Institutions, Export Credits, Export Insurance

Export market orientation and export performance in emerging markets: insights from the Peruvian agri-export sector

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Malca ◽  
Jean Pierre Bolaños ◽  
Jorge Luis Rubio Donet ◽  
Francisco Acedo
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Relational Norms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe objective of this research is to analyse the joint impact of export proactivity and coordination capacity as mediators on the relationship between export market orientation (EMO) and export performance and the relational norms and export continuity as EMO's antecedents.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses structural equation modelling for the analysis of 127 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from the agri-export sector in Peru.FindingsThe research demonstrates the mediating role of export proactivity between EMO and export performance and the impact of relational norms as an antecedent of EMO as well as that of export continuity in export performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional study design has certain limitations; thus, longitudinal research is necessary to analyse the evolution of the impact of these variables. Future research should also consider new variables, such as absorptive capacity and institutional distance, in relation to EMO and export performance in emerging markets.Originality/valueThis research paper provides a perspective that is an alternative to the traditional literature related to EMO since coordination capacity and export proactivity have been used as EMO's antecedents. However, in emerging countries, such as Peru, exports are based on comparative advantages. Under this context, it is necessary to analyse export proactivity and coordination capacity as mediators of the relationship between EMO and export performance and the relational norms and export continuity as EMO's antecedents.

Demand Based Reliability: A Proposed Measurement Approach

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Steele ◽  
Sal DellaVilla
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measurement Approach ◽  
Reliability And Availability

Significant change is taking place in the power generation market. We are witnessing structural change as we move to a deregulated and competitive global market. And we can also see significant technological change, as new products are driven towards improved efficiencies, greater output and environmental friendliness. Measuring the impact of these changes in terms of efficiency, output and reduced emissions is a straightforward exercise, and the ability to judge if the change has been positive is relatively objective. However, these structural and technological changes have created challenges in terms of reliability and availability measurements. • First, our measurement approach is obsolete and has no consideration for duty cycle… The demand, the mission profile, which must be achieved for the unit to meet its economic contribution value, is the single most important issue for power producers today. • Second, if the measurements have no consideration for the demand that the unit must meet, then the measure is not tied to the profitability of the plant, and therefore the operators are forced to use non-standard measures to accommodate management reporting. • And third, the strong relationship between effective plant operations and profitability demands “real time” data gathering from the unit control or plant DCS, and transformation of the data points into meaningful information for effective decision support, specifically related to the availability and reliability of systems, components, and the full plant, with a specific focus on measuring “demand” based availability and reliability. This paper addresses the issue and the opportunities associated with developing both new standard for measuring demand related reliability and availability, as well as the focus on “real time” data capture.

scholarly journals Export Competitiveness of the Economic Sectors of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-457
Author(s):  
Milenko Krajišnik ◽  
Sanja Popović
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Trade Performance ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Strategic Market

AbstractThe competitiveness of the national economy, its sectors and companies is essential for economic growth and development in the conditions of the global market. This importance is especially expressed for small open economies, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Bosnia and Herzegovina must strengthen its export position in the most competitive sectors, so that it can develop under conditions of increasingly liberalized world trade, with growing competition. The aim of this paper is to investigate the sectora structure of B&H exports, the competitiveness, significance and performance of certain sectors, in order to identify weaknesses and possible ways o improvement. For the purposes of this analysis, the Trade Competitiveness Map analysis methodology was used to assess the competitiveness of the sector, using the Trade Performance Index (TPI). The main aim of the methodology is to determine sectoral export performance, in order to facilitate strategic market research and monitoring of national foreign trade performance. B&H has the poor export sector structure, with the low level o international competitiveness, reflected in the large share of resource intensive products and low-value processing products with low added value Improving competitiveness could be achieved by strengthening the most competitive sectors, as well as by changing the economic structure towards the development of technologically intensive and highly profitable sectors o the economy.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE TUNISIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Nihel Frikha ◽  
◽  
Mohamed Ben Amar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

This paper aims to assess the impact of industrial policy instruments on international competitiveness and in particular on the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in Tunisia. From a non-stationary panel model composed of 13 Tunisian manufacturing sectors during the period 1995-2016, we show the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship between manufacturing exports and its determinants. The results show that spending on research and development and tertiary education has a positive effect on exports. Hence, it is necessary for the public authorities to intervene within the framework of industrial policy to promote technological innovation and higher education.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN COFFEE EXPORT PERFORMANCE TO THE GLOBAL MARKET USING VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION (VAR) APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-396
Author(s):  
Fadhlan Zuhdi ◽  
Nola Windirah ◽  
Achmad Subchiandi Maulanda
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Dollar Exchange Rate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
The Impact

Coffee is Indonesia's mainstay export commodity in the plantation sector which has provided a lot of income for Indonesia. Over time, Indonesia's coffee exports have fluctuated due to the impact of globalization and other external factors such as world coffee prices, Indonesian coffee production, the US Dollar exchange rate, Brazilian coffee exports and Colombian coffee exports. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the performance of Indonesian coffee exports to the Global Market using time series data over a period of 29 years using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) approach. The results showed that there were variables that had a short-term and unidirectional relationship with Indonesian coffee exports, namely the US Dollar exchange rate variable, Indonesian coffee production and Brazilian coffee exports.

The advocacy-growth nexus: the case of the Egyptian banking sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Monal Adel Abdel-Baki
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crony Capitalism ◽  
Institutional Activism ◽  
Public Policy Instruments ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The Egyptian banking sector has acted as an arena for multiple alliances, some of which bred crony capitalism and others acted as growth alliances. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of private sector advocacy in the Egyptian banking sector on macroeconomic performance, with the prime aim of designing an Egyptian-centric roadmap outlining precepts of good advocacy between bankers, policymakers and businesses. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a two-stage model. In the first stage an advocacy construct is developed using confirmatory factor analysis. In the second stage the relationship between advocacy and macroeconomic growth is measured by running a set of parsimonious regressions. Findings – The empirical results show a strong relationship between advocacy and growth, albeit not on inflation rates, suggesting that an innovative set of public policy instruments is needed to promote private advocacy efforts and to institutionalise private-public partnerships. This is an innately pressing mission for the new government to mitigate the impact of the double-digit inflation that has prevailed since the Triple-F – food, fuel and finance – Crisis of 2006. Practical implications – The ousted Egyptian government failed to protect its citizens from crony alliances and corruption, be it abuse of public resources or unfair access to bank credit. Hence, the prime aim is to design a future roadmap for the endorsement of effective growth alliances between businesses, bankers and policymakers. The recommendations proposed by this study would prove helpful to future public policymakers in the fulfilment of the macroeconomic aspirations of the Egyptian society as well as to other emerging and developing nations that share similar problems. Social implications – The research addresses how reforms can be designed in an egalitarian fashion to direct credit to growth enhancing and job-generating sectors since a prompt treatment of these problems at their roots is apt to minimise the probabilities of future social turmoil. This is apt to assist the Egyptian people to transition to a truly democratic society and to convert street rebellions into inclusive institutional activism. Originality/value – This paper adds to the literature a measurable construct gauging the relationship between advocacy in the banking sector and growth. Another contribution is the set of policies proposed to institutionalise rightful advocacy efforts.

Competition Policy under Economic Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
S. Golovanova
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of competition policy under economic crisis is motivated by the fact that competition is a key factor for the level of productivity. The latter, in its turn, influences the scope and length of economic recession. In many Russian markets buyers' gains decline because of the weakness of competition, since suppliers are reluctant to cut prices in spite of the decreasing demand. Data on prices in Russia and abroad in the second half of 2008 show asymmetric price rigidity. At least two questions are important under economic crisis: the 'division of labor' between pro-active and protective tools of competition policy and the impact of anti-crisis policy on competition. Protective competition policy is insufficient in transition economy, especially in the days of crisis it should be supplemented with the well-designed industrial policy measures which do not contradict the goals of competition. The preferable tools of anti-crisis policy are also those that do not restrain competition.

EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE: A CONTINGENCY- AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCY-BASED ASSESSMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1219-1219
Author(s):  
Itzhak Gnizy ◽  
◽  
John W. Cadogan ◽  
João S. Oliveira ◽  
Asmat-Nizam Abdul-Talib
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Export Diversification
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