scholarly journals Review Of The Small Scale Gold Mining Practices At Cineam, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, Indonesia

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Hutamadi Hutamadi ◽  
Bambang Nugroho Widi ◽  
Sabtanto Joko Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Gold Content ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
West Java ◽  
Gold Miners

Gold deposit at Cineam area is an epithermal gold deposit of low sulphidation type which lies about 180 km southeast of Bandung at an elevation of 400 meter above the mean sea level. The Cineam deposit is administratively belongs to Cineam Subdistrict , Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, which dominantly occurred within volcanic rocks unit of Jampang Formation. Alterations developed in this area namely propylite, argillic, sericitation, and silisification, occurred in andesitic lava, volcanic breccia, and andesitic to dacitic tuff. The thickness of gold bearing quartz veins are commonly from few cm up to > 20 cm, while for the veins of higher grade of gold content the thickness are about 5 cm or less. The average grade of gold content is around 6 - 10 gr/t Au. Although Cineam gold deposits can not be classified as a big scale deposit, itsmineral genesis has an interesting characteristic to be further studied. The Cineam area representing one of the most prospect areas of gold found in the eastern part of West Java Southern Mountain Range. As the Cineam gold deposit is proportionally suitable for a small scale gold mine, the local government had already gave a mining license to a Family Firm in the form of a Village Unit Cooperation or “KUD” such as KUD Mekarjaya which had also been updated to become a B class of Exploitation License category that permitted for the realization of metallic exploitation. This action was in line with the implementation of Autonomy Policy since the year of 2001.Although KUD Mekarjaya’s mining production is relatively so small but in fact the mining activity is still being maintained to be daily earnings for the local gold miners to rely on. Within the long run of the local gold miners activity at Cineam which has been working since 1968, this condition can give rise to many well skilled and experienced labors in seeking for gold ores, in handling small scale gold mining works, and in obtaining for the bullions. In other side, on thecontrary, there are some negative actions must be kept under control such as the disposal of the waste or tailing directly into the river and the unsafely process of heating the amalgam to obtain the bullion including other improper ways done during the handling of their mining activities. Since the whole mining operation so far generally financed by individual investors it is very likely that small scale gold mining lacks of the capital needed for the mining operation. This condition is what the KUD always facing with so that management and financial matters can be a very serious problem affecting the progress of the KUD Mekarjaya From some presentation given by the CCOP-CASM Meeting in Bandung we can compare the condition of small scale mining in Indonesia. and that from other countries which have conducted good management in mining regulation and policy in relation with licensing, mining workers, tax payment and awareness of environment live in the vicinity of mining areas On account of that event this can be expected to motivate and encourage the policy anddecision makers either locally or centrally throughout Indonesia in giving more attention related to the guidance, monitoring and inspection of the implementation of small scale mining activities which is actually growing in numbers.

scholarly journals The exposure and toxic effects of mercury in gold mining activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Lina Eltaib ◽  
Salah Eldeen Taj Elser Ali ◽  
Hind Rikabi
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Mercury Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Mercury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gold Miners

Background: Mercury is used by artisanal — small-scale (ASM) gold miners throughout the World. In 2014, the Sudanese government produced over 60 tons of gold, which make Sudan ranked Africa's third-largest gold miner. Also, Sudan is ranked the 15th global producer. In 2015, over 1 million miners participated in gold mining and extraction. Objective: This study aimed to determine mercury health risk in Sudanese traditional gold mining activities area. Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional observational stud. The studied population was from ALTWAHEN near ABUHAMED. Urine analysis was supported by epidemiological questionnaires designed by (EPI INFO software) following WHO guidelines. Eighty-six respondents completed the questionnaire. The mercury level was determined in 58 urine sample by Petroleum Laboratories Using Direct Mercury Analyzer DMA- 80 instrument. The epidemiological data were analyzed by (EPI INFO). Result: 98% exceed concentration of 100 ug/L which contaminated concentration for occasionally exposed, mean urinary mercury concentration 2785 ug/L, the highest mercury concentration worldwide reported by our study 10250 ug/L, Symptoms in 58 patient showed as Problem finding correct word 46.6%, memory problem 27.6%, problem with thinking clearly 29.3%, nervousness 31%, sadness 46.5%, sexual problem 36.2%, headache 51.7%, excessive salivation 43%, drowsy 48.3%. Conclusion: In this study, the highest urinary mercury concentration was reported (10250 ug/L) compared to other studies. Mercury concentration with no significant difference between the miner groups and others. Also, this study found high incidents of neurological symptoms associated with neurotoxicity. The problem with thinking significantly correlated to the age weighted by mercury concentration. Only tremor significantly related to the time living in the mining area. Otherwise, no significant relationship between mercury concentration ,symptoms and time living in the area. Recommendation: conducting Interventional study by using chelation therapy, Gold miners should use safety tools, Activation of laws and conventions (MINAMATA convention).  

scholarly journals A NEW GOLD ORE REGION IN TANZANIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
V. Mykhailov ◽  
А. Tots
Keyword(s):  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Mobile Belt ◽  
Gold Content ◽  
Gold Ore ◽  
Metallogenic Zone ◽  
The Republic

Tanzania is one of the leading gold mining countries in the world and the discovery of new gold resources on its territory is an actual task. Known gold deposits are concentrated mainly in the northwest of the country, in the metallogenic zone of Lake Victoria, where they are associated with the Archean greenstone belts, and to a lesser extent – in the southwest, in the ore regions of Lupa and Mpanda, confined to the Ubendian Paleoproterozoic mobile belt. With regard to the eastern regions of Tanzania, where the Proterozoic structures of the Uzagaran mobile belt are developed, until recently in this region any significant manifestations of gold mineralization were not known. As a result of our research in the northern part of the Morogoro province of the Republic of Tanzania, a new previously unknown gold deposit Mananila was discovered. It is represented by a large volume, up to 400–450 m long, up to 60–80 m thick, mineralized shear zone over intensely leached and schistosed migmatites, gneisses, amphibolites, penetrated by echelon systems of quartz veins and veinlet, steeply dipping bodies of quartz breccia up to 1.0–1.5 m thick. Gold contents range from 0.61 to 8.11 g/t, the average zone content is 2.5–3.0 g/t. Parallel to the main zone, similar structures are developed on the site, although they are of lower thickness. The forecast resources of the deposit are estimated at 20 tons of gold. 2.8 km to the east from the Mananila field, the recently discovered Mazizi gold deposit is located, and a number of small occurrences of gold are also known in the region. All these objects are located within a large shear zone of the northeastern strike, up to 4–5 km width, over 20 km in length. This serves as the basis for the identification of a new gold ore region in the northern part of the Morogoro province of the United Republic of Tanzania, within the Proterozoic mobile belt of Usagaran, the possible gold content of which has never been previously discussed in geological literature.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in the Soils of Placer Small-Scale Gold Mining Sites in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 200911
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Tun ◽  
Pokkate Wongsasuluk ◽  
Wattasit Siriwong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations

Background. Artisanal and small-scale mining activities are widely practiced globally. Concentrations of heavy metals associated with gold, such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) can increase in the environment as a result of mining activities, leading to environmental pollution and pose toxicity risks to humans and animals. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate soil concentrations of toxic heavy metals in placer small-scale gold mining operations in Myanmar. Methods. Soil samples were collected from three placer small-scale gold mining sites: Site A located in the Hmawbon public protected forest, Site B and Site C, situated in the Nant-Kyin reserved forest around Nar Nant Htun village. At each site, soil samples were collected from four gold mining stages (ore processing, sluicing, panning, and amalgamation). Atomic absorption spectroscopy was utilized to examine the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg. Results. The highest heavy metal concentrations were generally found in the amalgamation stages across all the gold mining sites. Across the three mining sites, the maximum heavy metal concentrations in the amalgamation stage were 22.170 mg.kg−1 for As, 3.070 mg.kg−1 for Cd, 77.440 mg.kg−1 for Hg, and 210.000 mg.kg−1 for Pb. Conclusions. The present study examined the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in the soil of several small-scale gold mining sites in Banmauk Township, Myanmar. The results demonstrated the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil of the gold mining sites. Miners in this area work without proper personal protective equipment, and frequent exposure to heavy metals in the soil may cause adverse health effects. The present study provides baseline data for future risk assessment studies of heavy metal contamination in gold mines. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

Time variation in transfer amounts of mercury by a river system near an artisanal and small-scale gold mining area in West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tomiyasu ◽  
Yuriko Kono Hamada ◽  
Christine Baransano ◽  
Nuril Hidayati ◽  
Joeni Setijo Rahajoe
Keyword(s):  
Time Variation ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
River System ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
West Java

scholarly journals Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Mercury Exposure in Seafood and Human Populations near a Small-Scale Gold Mining Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Sofia ◽  
Adi Heru Husodo ◽  
Eko Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Gold Miners

<p>Gold amalgamation processes using mercury were practiced in small scale gold mining activities in Krueng Sabee, Aceh Province. Seafood (fish, mollusc, shrimp) and human hair samples were collected to assess mercury concentrations.  Acute and chronic toxicity symptoms which arise among the populations were observed as well as personal protective equipment used by gold miners. The range of mercury concentrations varied among fish, shrimp, and molluscs. The highest mercury levels were recorded in fish <em>Puntius latristriga</em> (172.299 ± 10.626 µg/g wet wt.), followed by mollusc, <em>Polymesoda caroliniana </em> (160,032 ± 0,522 µg/g wet wt.), fish <em>R.kanagurta</em> (149 ±2,000 µg/g wet wt.), shrimp <em>Penaeus monodon</em> (116.975 ± 4.807 µg/g wet wt.).  The variation of mercury concentrations in hair samples of 72 respondents were detected from 5.7 µg/g to 88.1 µg/g. The most frequent acute and chronic intoxication symptoms documented were headache, muscle cramps, cough, and aphthous ulcers. Personal protective equipment which has correlation with high mercury levels in gold miners were respirator/mask, gloves, and apparel (p &lt; 0.05). All seafood samples exceeded 0.5 µg Hg/g MoH Food and Drug Administrasion threshold level and hair samples over 10 µg/g as set by WHO tolerance limit.</p>

scholarly journals Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Syanyonja, Busia Gold District, South Eastern Uganda: Impacts on the Mining Population and the Environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Shakilah Karungi ◽  
Stephen Ssebulime ◽  
Kibet Mohamed Kiplagat ◽  
Ocident Bongomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Metavolcanic Rocks ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mining Population

Syanyonja village in the gold district of Busia, South East of the Republic of Uganda contain geologically epigenetic gold quartz vein deposits in carbonate-altered mafic metavolcanic rocks, deposited as quartz reefs in mineralized shear zones. In supracrustal rocks, alluvial gold is obtained from weathered auriferous quartz veins, which are of late orogenic granitic activity. The Syanyonja gold deposits have long been subjected to artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) by the locals for livelihood. This study determined the amount of mercury discharged with tailings into Namukombe stream, a major water body in Syanyonja village and investigated the impacts of ASGM on the mining population and the environment. Quantitation of mercury discharged with tailings was done by mass balance method. Field survey at the mining sites was done followed by administration of questionnaires to 50 stampeders in the village. The study indicates that about 8% of mercury mixed with auriferous materials are lost in tailings, accounting for an annual mercury release of about 1.757 kg into the environment. Socio-demographic results indicate that the majority of the mining population (64%) are male and ASGM have left health and environmental footprints, which directly or indirectly affects the population. The most common health problems among miners are malaria (36%) and abdominal pain (20%). The standard of living of the miners are evidently low, and most mines are characterized by school dropouts, prostitutes and thieves. Mining sites have deplorably poor hygiene, with evident burning of amalgams to recover gold. ASGM have been accompanied by wanton mowing down of vegetation, land degradation as well as mercuric pollution of water, air, land and aquatic ecosystems. It is suggested that the Ugandan government should re-enforce committees to follow up on ASGM activities, train artisans on sustainable gold mining using borax, magnets, sluice boxes as well as take up farming actively as an alternative.

scholarly journals Effect of gold mining on total factor productivity of farmers: Evidence from Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
John K. M. KUWORNU ◽  
Yaw B. OSEI-ASARE ◽  
Michael O. ANSAH ◽  
Akwasi MENSAH-BONSU
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Cocoa Farmers ◽  
Brong Ahafo Region

Gold mining comes with several benefits to developing countries, manifested mainly in the form of employment and revenue, but simultaneously impacts negatively on the immediate environment. It affects the economic structure including agriculture and its productivity. Hence, this study investigated the effect of gold mining on total factor productivity of farmers in Ghana using 110 cocoa farmers from Asutifi North and Asutifi South districts of the Brong Ahafo Region, categorised into mining and non-mining areas respectively. About 83 % of the farmers in the mining areas were affected by gold mining through channels such as land disputes, relocation of farm/residence, high cost of labour, illegal small-scale mining and dust settlement on crops. Also, about 64 % of cocoa farmers in the mining areas lost their farm lands (between 0.4 and 3.64 ha as a result of gold mining. The Tornqvist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) indices for cocoa farmers in the non-mining areas (mean TFP of 1.404) were also statistically higher than those in the mining areas (mean TFP of 0.371). The study concluded that gold mining activities adversely affect productivity of farmers in the catchment areas. The study recommends, among others, that a policy of land-for-land should be in place and effectively implemented to ensure that mining companies in order to enhance and ensure continuity of livelihoods must fully replace lands lost through mining activities.

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