scholarly journals Filial Piety in a Modern Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Entwistle ◽  
Douglas Mabie ◽  
David Bond
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Caregiver Burdens ◽  
Familial Caregivers

With an increasing number of Alzheimer’s disease patients in Singapore, complications related to the degenerative disease have become highly relevant. Standing out among these complications are inflated caregiver burden resulting from the cultural expectations associated with filial piety. Filial piety, a value ingrained in Chinese culture, requires adult-children to display love, obedience, and respect towards their parents as well as provide physical care when required (Bedford, 2019). Expectations associated with filial piety, however, have been associated with severe caregiver burdens that persist even after patient institutionalisation (Whitlatch, 2001). Expectations to provide care presents numerous challenges for adult-children of patients: economic instability, psychological exhaustion, and social isolation (Lai, 2009; Langda, 2011; Win, 2017). These implications associated with caregiving are heightened when the patient being cared for is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, as the disease has a unique cognitive-degeneration component that inhibits an individual from conducting independent actions after a certain point (Pratt, 1985). This article aims to shed light on the relationship between the level of involvement and the severity of caregiver burden among familial caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients in an effort to identify how to better support familial caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients. Through the use of a quantitative correlational analysis, a relationship between the two data points of involvement level and burden level was established. This research serves to identify a potential problem, not propose methods of reconciliation. While the data collection process for this study was inhibited by the COVID-19 pandemic, theoretical data is provided in an effort to develop new understandings and draw hypothetical conclusions. Keywords: Alzheimer’s, Filial Piety, Familial Caregiver, Institutionalisation, Caregiving Burden, Correlation, Adult-Child Caregiver

Being an adult child of an elderly person living in a nursing home: a phenomenological approach to the Turkish case

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Önder Erol ◽  
Elif Gün
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose A long-established cultural norm of filial piety may cause ambivalent feelings for adult children who are considered the primary caregivers for their elderly parents in Turkish culture, and whose parents have been placed into nursing homes. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight to the lived experiences of adult children of elderly people living in a nursing home in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach Drawing upon dramaturgical theory and phenomenological methodology, the authors conducted interviews with ten adult children whose elderly parents had been admitted to a nursing home in Izmir, Turkey. Multi-stage purposeful random sampling was used as the sampling scheme. Thematic analysis was performed to interpret the data. Findings Three themes emerged from the data: adult children’s coping strategies, the ways in which the adult children rationalize their decisions, and the ways in which the adult children manage the placement process. The interviews revealed that the adult children often feel like social outcasts and experience a wide range of difficulties, including social pressures, their own inner dilemmas, and negotiations with their elderly parents. Originality/value An exploration for the lived experiences of adult children relating to the nursing home placement of their elderly parents contributes an insight about the well-established cultural norms that produce feelings of ambivalence.

Caregiving burden and gain among adult-child caregivers caring for parents with dementia in China: the partial mediating role of reciprocal filial piety

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yu ◽  
Li Wu ◽  
Shu Chen ◽  
Qing Wu ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Child Caregivers

ABSTRACTBackground:The majority of the family caregivers are adult children in China. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of reciprocal filial piety (RFP) between the care recipient's behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and the caregiver's burden or gain among adult-child caregivers caring for parents with dementia in China.Methods:Using Kramer's caregiver adaptation model as the research framework, a cross-sectional survey collected data from 401 adult-child caregivers caring for parents with dementia from hospitals in China.Results:Results of the regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for covariates, the regression coefficient between care recipient's BPSD and caregiver burden reduced fromc= 1.01 toc′ = 0.91 when controlling for RFP. Using the bootstrap approach, the estimated indirect effect through RFP between care recipient's BPSD and caregiver burden was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.20). The mediation proportion was 11%. The absolute value of the regression coefficient between care recipient's BPSD and caregiver gain reduced fromc= −0.75 toc′ = −0.63 when controlling for RFP. The bootstrapped estimate of the indirect effect through RFP between care recipient's BPSD and caregiver gain was −0.12 (95% CI: −0.18, −0.07). The mediation proportion was 12%.Conclusions:The findings suggest that the effect of care recipient's BPSD on caregiver's burden/gain may be related to the level of RFP among adult-child caregivers in China.

Filial piety and intergenerational ambivalence among mother–adult child dyads in rural China

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2695-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuju Guo ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Fei Sun ◽  
Nan Feng
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Intergenerational Ambivalence ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Negative Feelings

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between filial piety (adult children's filial behaviours and attitudes as well as elderly mothers’ overall evaluation of children's filial piety) and elderly mothers’ reports of intergenerational ambivalence (positive feelings, negative feelings and combined ambivalence) in rural China. We analysed the data from a survey in 2016 covering 2,203 adult children and 802 elderly mothers in Sichuan Province using a two-level mixed-effects modelling analysis. The results indicate that most components of filial piety are associated with mothers’ ambivalence, in that less ambivalence was reported by mothers when their adult children provided more emotional support to, had less conflict with and were evaluated as more filial by their mothers. Interestingly, mothers demonstrated greater positive feelings when their children were more filial in behaviour and attitude, but they also reported greater negative feelings and ambivalence when their children were more obedient, implying that absolute obedience to elderly parents might no longer be accepted by people. These findings may provide further understanding about the correlation between the culture of filial piety and intergenerational relationships in rural China.

Comparing adult child and spousal caregiver burden and potential causes.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12127-12127
Author(s):  
Anny Fenton ◽  
Alexi A. Wright ◽  
Julia H. Rowland ◽  
Erin E. Kent ◽  
Kristin Litzelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Emotional Burden ◽  
Spousal Caregiver ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Gender Concordance

12127 Background: Adult children caring for a parent with cancer comprise a significant segment of caregivers. Demographic trends indicate this caregiving population will grow as the baby boomer generation ages. Yet little is known about adult child caregivers’ needs and experiences and how they differ from the well-studied spousal caregiver. This knowledge gap may hinder efforts to ameliorate adult children’s caregiver burden and its impact on patients. Methods: We analyzed adult child and spousal/partner caregivers’ surveys from the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance consortium, a multi-regional population-based study of approximately 10,000 persons with newly diagnosed colorectal and lung cancer. We used t-tests and a series of multivariate regression models to assess whether adult child and spousal caregivers’ caregiving responsibilities, social/emotional burden, and financial burden (scaled 0-10) differed and examined patient and caregiver characteristics’ mediation of variation in burden. Results: Compared to spouses/partners (N=1029), adult children (N=230) completed similar levels of caregiving tasks but spent less time (14 vs. 24 hours/week; p<0.001). However, adult children experienced higher social/emotional burden (2.9 vs. 2.4; p<0.01). In baseline models controlling for patient clinical factors, caregiving characteristics, and caregiver demographics, adult children’s average social/emotional and financial burdens were statistically higher than spouses/partners. Additional adjustment for caregivers’ childcare responsibilities and employment eliminated social/emotional and financial burden disparities. Additional adjustment to the baseline model for caregiver-patient gender concordance eliminated the social/emotional burden gap. Communication quality was a large and statistically significant predictor of both burdens (p<0.001). Conclusions: Adult children spend less time caregiving than spouses/partners but experience higher caregiving burden. Adult children’s childcare and career responsibilities help explain this increased burden. Gender concordance between caregiver and patient may also contribute to social/emotional burden, adding important context to prior research indicating female caregivers experience the greatest burden. Interventions to improve communication between caregivers and patients have the potential to reduce both adult child and spouses/partners caregiver burden.[Table: see text]

Downward transfer of support and care: understanding the cultural lag in rural China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
F. X. Qiu ◽  
H. J. Zhan ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
P. M. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Ageing Parents

Abstract The Chinese culture of filial piety has historically emphasised children's responsibility for their ageing parents. Little is understood regarding the inverse: parents’ responsibility and care for their adult children. This paper uses interviews with 50 families living in rural China's Anhui Province to understand intergenerational support in rural China. Findings indicate that parents in rural China take on large financial burdens in order to sustain patrilineal traditions by providing housing and child care for their adult sons. These expectations lead some rural elders to become migrant workers in order to support their adult sons while others provide live-in grandchild-care, moving into their children's urban homes or bringing grandchildren into their own homes. As the oldest rural generations begin to require ageing care of their own, migrant children are unable to provide the sustained care and support expected within the cultural tradition of xiao. This paper adds to the small body of literature that examines the downward transfer of support from parents to their adult children in rural China. The authors argue that there is an emerging cultural rupture in the practice of filial piety – while the older generation is fulfilling their obligations of upbringing and paying for adult children's housing and child care; these adult children are not necessarily available or committed to the return of care for their ageing parents. The authors reveal cultural and structural lags that leave millions of rural ageing adults vulnerable in the process of urbanisation in rural China.

Providing instrumental support to older parents of multi-child families in China: are there different within-family patterns?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jia Chen ◽  
Xiaochen Zhou ◽  
Nan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Older parents in China rely heavily on their adult children for instrumental assistance. In different multi-child families, multiple offspring may co-operate in providing instrumental support to older parents in distinct ways in terms of how much support they provide on average and how much differentiation exists between them when they provide such support within a family. We aimed to identify different within-family patterns in relation to multiple offspring's instrumental support to an older parent in Chinese multi-child families, and to investigate potential predictors for different within-family patterns. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (2016), we had a working sample of 5,790 older adults aged 60+ (mean = 68.54, standard deviation = 6.60). We employed latent profile analysis (LPA) to classify within-family patterns and multinomial logistic regression to investigate predictors. Our findings identified three within-family patterns: dissociated (59.10%), highly differentiated (29.60%) and united-filial (11.30%). Older parents in the highly differentiated families tended to be older, mothers, divorced/widowed and to have poorer physical health compared to their counterparts in the dissociated families. In contrast, the composition characteristics of multiple adult children played more important roles in determining the united-filial within-family pattern. The united-filial families were more likely to have fewer adult children, at least one adult daughter and at least one co-residing adult child.

scholarly journals Grandparenting and the Receipt of Filial Piety From Adult Children in Chinese American Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
Jeung Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Chinese American Families ◽  
Grandparent Caregiving ◽  
American Families

Abstract The current study explores the association between grandparent caregiving by Chinese American elders and their perceived receipt of filial support from their adult children, called filial piety (xiao). Many studies find a correlation between grandparent caregiving and filial behaviors from their adult children, which is notably higher among minority families, especially among Asians than among white families, stimulated by the norm of reciprocity, familism, and extended kinship. Drawing from the theory of intergenerational relationships, social exchange theory, and the role theory, this study questions whether a more active engagement in grandparenting renders higher levels of filial piety returns from adult children. It uses the PINE data, a survey on the wellbeing of Chinese American elders in Chicago. The results show that more hours of grandparent caregiving relate to higher returns of filial piety perceived by older parents. Correspondingly, though with a marginal significance, more pressures to take care of a grandchild from adult children reduce the elders’ perception of filial piety receipt. No interaction effect is found between the grandparenting hours and the pressure from adult children. Additionally, Chinese American elders possessing higher levels of education, mastery, and longer stays in the US perceive lower levels of filial piety receipt from adult children. Discussion will focus on how grandparent caregiving can be mutually beneficial and strengthen intergenerational relationships among Chinese American families.

An extended review of couple-centred interventions in dementia: Exploring the what and why — Part B

Dementia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2450-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therése Bielsten ◽  
Ingrid Hellström
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
As Relationship ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Extended Review

This scoping review is an extended version of a narrative review of couple-centred interventions in dementia shared in part A and the previous publication in this edition. The rationale for expanding study A emerged through the fact that most dyadic interventions have samples consisting of a majority of couples. The exclusion of interventions with samples of mixed relationships in part A therefore contributed to a narrow picture of joint dyadic interventions for couples in which one partner has a dementia. The aim of this second review is to explore the ‘what’ (types of interventions) and the ‘why’ (objectives and outcome measures) of dyadic interventions in which sample consists of a majority of couples/spouses and in which people with dementia and caregivers jointly participate. Method A five-step framework for scoping reviews guided the procedure. Searches were performed in Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results Twenty-one studies with various types of psychosocial interventions were included. The main outcome measure for people with dementia was related to cognitive function, respectively caregiver burden and depression for caregivers. Conclusions The findings of this extended review of joint dyadic interventions in dementia are in line with the findings of part A regarding the negative approach of outcomes, lack of a genuine dyadic approach, lack of tailored support, neglect of interpersonal issues and the overlook of the views of people with dementia. This review also recognises that measures of caregiver burden, as well as relationship quality should be considered in samples of mixed relationships due to the different significance of burden and relationship quality for a spouse as opposed to an adult child or friend.

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