scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Management: the impact of urbanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Liudmila L. Kamynina ◽  
Natalya P. Chernus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Therapeutic Education ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Sports Organization ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Management for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is connected with urbanization because 2/3 of T2DM-patients live in towns, that is reflected in the term «urban diabetes». The T2DM-onset and T2DM-progression are depended not only on complex interaction of modified and non-modified risk factors, but also and sociodemographic determinants (and its modification at municipal level allowed to neutralize the unfavorable risk factors of T2DM&obesity. The urban non-rational food, disturbance of circadian rhythm, low T2DM-pths compliance stimulate onset of obesity, deterioration of glycemic control, high postprandial hyperglycemia, glucolipotoxicity, epigenetic changes and negative metabolic memory. Meanwhile the city politics may affect to the non-modified T2DM-risk factors at carrying the municipal policy directed to the rational catering, mass sports, organization of recreational zones, decrease of excessive urban traffic, improvement of ecology. The paper considers the features of migration to urban, religious fasting, COVID at the urban T2DM. The «urban diabetes» must be considered at therapeutic education and affected to form the active T2DM-pts-management.

scholarly journals Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: an updated narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. S87-S92
Author(s):  
Rachid Malek
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Therapeutic Education

This review focused on data on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Africa, where the current number of diabetes individuals has reached 19 million. There appears to be heterogeneity in the data between countries with a trend towards the development of diabetes at an earlier age, high socio-economic impact but also limited financial resources given that the majority of African countries are developing countries with low to middle income. Africa is not spared the universal risk factors for T2DM, but the influence of the environment (urbanization), inadequate diets and sedentary lifestyle, often leading to overweight and obesity, remains a major concern. This is reflected in projections and estimates by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), which predicts a 143% increase in the number of people with diabetes in Africa by 2045. Other factors have a negative impact on diabetes management, such as difficult access to medication and lack of education programs. Overall and individual awareness raising in collaboration with health authorities, governments and the media remains the most appropriate. Pending the implementation of national programs for the prevention of diabetes and its complications, it is necessary to strengthen therapeutic education and improve the quality of primary care in order to fight the scourge of diabetes. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, prevalence, risk factors, Africa.

scholarly journals The Impact of Outpatient Diabetes Management on Serum Lipids in Urban African-Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Erdman ◽  
C. B. Cook ◽  
K. J. Greenlund ◽  
W. H. Giles ◽  
I. El-Kebbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of an Advanced Practice Pharmacist Type 2 Diabetes Management Program: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jelena Lewis ◽  
Tiffany Nguyen ◽  
Hana Althobaiti ◽  
Mona Alsheikh ◽  
Brad Borsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Dose Increase ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of an Advanced Practice Pharmacist (APh) on lowering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes within a patient centered medical home (PCMH) and to classify the types of therapeutic decisions made by the APh. Methods: This was a retrospective study using data from electronic health records. The study evaluated a partnership between Chapman University School of Pharmacy and Providence St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare that provided diabetes management by an Advanced Practice Pharmacist in a PCMH under a collaborative practice agreement. Change in the HbA1c was the primary endpoint assessed in this study. The type of therapeutic decisions made by the APh were also evaluated. Descriptive analysis and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze data. Results: The study included 35 patients with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus managed by an APh from May 2017 to December 2017. Most of the patients were 60-79 years old (68.5%), 45.7% were female, and 45.7% were of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. The average HbA1c was 8.8%±1.4% (range=6.0%-12.4%) and 7.5%±1.4% (range=5.5%-12.4%) at the initial and final APh visit, respectively (p<0.0001). Therapeutic decisions made by the APh included drug dose increase (35.5% of visits), drug added (16.4%), drug dose decrease (6.4%), drug switch (5.5%), and drug discontinuation (1.8%). Conclusion: The Advanced Practice Pharmacist’s interventions had a significant positive impact on lowering HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a PCMH. The most common therapeutic decisions made by the APh included drug dose increase and adding a new drug.   Article Type: Pharmacy Practice

scholarly journals Ruminant and industrial sources of trans-fat and cardiovascular and diabetic diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Tardy ◽  
Béatrice Morio ◽  
Jean-Michel Chardigny ◽  
Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
Ruminant Meat ◽  
The Impact

The various positional isomers of oleic acid (18 : 1Δ9c or 9c-18 : 1) may have distinct biological effects. Detrimental effects of consumption of industrial trans-fatty acids (TFA) (elaidic acid; 18 : 1Δ9t) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on CVD risk factors are well documented. In addition, epidemiological data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFA could alter insulin sensitivity and predispose for type 2 diabetes. However, intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive. Moreover, very little information is available on the effect of natural sources of TFA (vaccenic acid; 18 : 1Δ11t) coming from dairy products and ruminant meat on the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. The review focuses on the impact of the consumption of ruminant TFA in relation to cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
S. Pavithra ◽  
S. Lavanya ◽  
P. Vaishnavi ◽  
A. Rakesh Rosario ◽  
Priyadharshini A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 is a pathogenic virus that caused a pandemic outbreak in December 2019. The impact of this virus may be severe in the patients having co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, Chronic Kidney Disease, cardiovascular disease, etc. Aim and Objectives: This study Aims in Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on Diabetic and Hypertensive patients as well as COVID-19 patients without any co-morbidities. Objective of this is to evaluate the association between COVID-19 and its risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) and to evaluate whether the severity of the symptoms in COVID-19 patients is due to comorbidities or past medications. Methodology: A Retrospective study was conducted in SRM Hospital (Medical Records Department) for a period of 3 Months with the study population 670 at the age group of 25, known case of Diabetes and Hypertension. Cases of Pregnant women are excluded from the study. The patients were grouped into 4 categories 1) control group (patient without any co-morbidities) 2) diabetic patients 3) Hypertensive patient 4) Diabetic+Hypertension patient and studied their prescribing pattern by collecting the past medication history. Results and Discussion: There is a significant decrease in a lymphocyte in covid-19 Type 2 diabetic patients in our study. These results suggest that different mechanism exists for hypertension and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for covid-19. It is also known that these patients have impaired immune response to many infections [30]. In our retrospective study, we collected 670 covid-19 cases. It consists of 12.5% of diabetic patients and 6.6% of hypertensive patients. This study compared COVID-19 patients without any comorbidity (neither Type 2 diabetes mellitus nor hypertension) with covid- 19 patients with comorbidities (Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension). COVID-19 patients with T2DM have an increased level of D-dimer compared to non-T2DM patients. Conclusion: Diabetic and hypertensive patients affected with COVID-19 are low in our study. Out of the total study population, only 12.5% are diabetic, 6.56% are hypertensive, and 9.25% were both diabetic and hypertensive. But when comparing in terms of severity, hypertensive and diabetic patients have severe effects than the control patients. In simpler terms, not every person who has diabetes and hypertension are affected with COVID-19, but those who were affected by COVID-19 showed more severity than the patients who don't have any comorbidities

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition education on dietary diversity score of type 2 diabetes patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mutagwanya ◽  
Christine Magala Nyago ◽  
Fredrick Nelson Nakwagala
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: Consumption of a varied diet reduces the risk of developing a deficiency or excess of any one nutrient. One of the three corner stones of diabetes management is diet and therefore, dietary diversity is key among diabetes patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the impact of nutrition education on the dietary diversity scores (DDS) among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Kant et al method was used for scoring dietary diversity. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 21). Pair sample t-test was used to compare total DDS after and before nutrition education. P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Subjects: One hundred type 2 diabetic patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups of intervention and control (50 patients in each group) to participate in the study. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire before and after intervention every after one month for a period of four months of intervention.Results: The average age of patients who participated in the study was 48 (40–51) years. Most of the patients were females (65.39%), compared to males (34.01%). At the end of the study period of four months, DDS in the control group decreased from 40.08% to 38.49% (p=0.064) while in the intervention group, DDS increased from 35.30 % to 54.20% (p<0.001). Conclusion: Dietary diversity increased after nutrition education among type 2 diabetes patients.Trial registration: The study was registered and approved on 17th April 2013 by the Research and Ethics committee of Mulago Hospital and Institutional Review Board of Mulago hospital (Protocol MREC 113).

scholarly journals The Impact of Triglyceride-Glucose Index On Incident Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyao Fu ◽  
Shi Tai ◽  
Jiaxing Sun ◽  
Ningjie Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Accord Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background: Previous studies reported the prognostic value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in the course of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Still, it remains unclear whether baseline and trajectories of TyG index are prospectively associated with incident CV events among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: We performed a secondary analysis in patients with long-lasting T2DM from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of adverse CV events including nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes, and the TyG index was measured at 11 visits. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to observe the association between baseline and trajectories of TyG index and adverse CV outcomes.Results: During a median follow-up period of 8.8 years, 1,815 (17.8%) developed at least one primary endpoint event. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, each 1-SD increase in the TyG index was associated with a 19.00% higher risk of adverse CV events, similar in individuals categorized by TyG index quartiles. Four distinct trajectories of TyG indexes were identified- low (16.17%), moderate (40.01%), high (34.60%), and very high (9.30%). Among these, moderate, high, and very high TyG index trajectories had a greater risk of future incident adverse CV events than low TyG index trajectories after multivariate adjustments for traditional risk factors. Particularly, a similar association was noticed in the TyG index and the occurrence of coronary heart disease.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that both baseline and trajectories of TyG index have a significant association with the occurrence of adverse CV events in patients with T2DM. (Trial registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000620)

scholarly journals The impact of lung function on cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors: a two sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SL Au Yeung ◽  
MC Borges ◽  
DA Lawlor ◽  
CM Schooling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Genetic Instruments

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies suggested lung function is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) although these studies could be susceptible to residual confounding. We conducted a 2 sample Mendelian randomization study using summary statistics from genome wide association studies (GWAS) to clarify the role of lung function in CVD and its risk factors, and conversely the role of CVD in lung function.MethodsWe obtained genetic instruments for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) from publicly available UK Biobank summary statistics (n = 421,986). We applied these genetic instruments for FEV1 (260) and FVC (320) to publicly available GWAS summary statistics for coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 184,305), stroke and its subtypes (n = 446,696), atrial fibrillation (n = 1,030,836), and heart failure (n = 977,320) and cardiovascular risk factors. Inverse variance weighting was used to assess the impact of lung function on these outcomes. Sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger, weighted median, MR-PRESSO, and multivariable Mendelian randomization. We also conducted bi-directional Mendelian randomization to assess whether CVD affects lung function.ResultsFEV1 and FVC were inversely associated with CAD (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase, 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 0.82) and 0.70 (95%CI 0.62 to 0.78)), overall stroke (0.87 (95%CI 0.77 to 0.97), 0.90 (0.82 to 1.00)), ischemic stroke (0.87 (95%CI 0.77 to 0.99), 0.90 (95%CI 0.80 to 1.00)), small vessel stroke (0.78, (95%CI 0.61 to 1.00), 0.74 (95%CI 0.61 to 0.92)), and large artery stroke (0.69 (95%CI 0.54 to 0.89), 0.72 (95%CI 0.57 to 0.91)). FEV1 and FVC were inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (0.75 (95%CI 0.62 to 0.90), 0.67 (95%CI 0.58 to 0.79)) and systolic blood pressure. Sensitivity analyses produced similar direction for most outcomes although the magnitude sometimes differed. Adjusting for height attenuated results for CAD (e.g. OR for 1SD FEV1 0.95 (0.76 to 1.20), but this may reflect weak instrument bias. This adjustment did not attenuate effects for stroke or type 2 diabetes. No strong evidence was observed for CVD affecting lung function.ConclusionHigher lung function likely protect against CAD and stroke.

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