Participación ciudadana y normas europeas: un potencial por explotar.

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-145
Author(s):  
María Jesús GARCÍA GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Smart Regulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Economies

LABURPENA: Legegintza-egintzen prestaketa arrazionalizatzearen alde egiten duen arautze-politikaren testuinguruan kokatu behar da Europako arauak demokratikoki legitimatzeko herritarrek izango duten parte-hartzea, kontua ez baita lege gehiago egitea, hobeto egitea baizik. Hain zuzen ere, herritarrek arau-ekoizpeneko prozesuetan parte hartzea da “bigarren belaunaldiko erregulazio” horren elementuetako bat. Izan ere, erregulazio horren bidez sortuko diren arauak aldez aurretik planifikatuta egongo dira, eraginkorrak eta efikazak izango dira Europako arauketa behar duten gaietan eragingo dutelako, proiektatzen diren sektorean izango dituzten ondorioak aurreratzen saiatuko dira, eta, indarrean dauden bitartean, etengabe ebaluatuko dira, hobetu daitezkeen edo zaharkituak edo garestiegiak izan daitezkeen edukiak hautemateko. “Legeria adimenduna” deritzona da emaitza, hau da, demokrazia parte-hartzailearen mekanismoak erabiltzen dituena eta bere behar eta helburuetara egokitzen dituena, arauak egiteko prozeduretan integratuz. Lan honetan, mekanismo horiek aztertzen dira, haien eraginkortasun praktikoa eta ordenamendu juridikoan duten eragina baloratzen da, eta agerian uzten dira mekanismo horien eraginkortasun osoa eragozten eta zailtzen duten arazoak eta gabeziak, edo mekanismo horiek sortu zireneko helburu nagusitik aldentzen dituztenak. Horrez gain, lan honetan, mekanismo horien tratamendu juridikoa birformulatzeko proposamenak egiten dira, haien jatorrizko helburura egokitzeko. ABSTRACT: Citizens collaborate with the government in the lawmaking process at an early stage and throughout the life of a legislative act by means of periodic consultations and citizens´ initiatives. This paper focuses on consultation and citizens´ initiatives as the principal mechanisms for participatory democracy in the context of smart regulation lawmaking in the European Union. A regulatory policy based on smart regulation takes the view that legislation and regulations serve the economy and, therefore, legal acts must aim to create conditions capable of boosting national economies and economic growth. Such a regulatory policy is informed by a set of principles which includes transparency, cooperation, accountability, efficiency, effectiveness, participation and openness, and is applicable to both regulatory institutions and regulations. This regulatory approach takes the view that regulations are of better quality when they have been influenced by citizens, and smart regulation results in participatory democracy. RESUMEN: El recurso a la participación ciudadana para legitimar democráticamente las normas europeas ha de situarse en el contexto de una política regulatoria que aboga por racionalizar la elaboración de actos legislativos, considerando que no se trata de legislar más, sino mejor. Precisamente, la participación de los ciudadanos en los procesos de producción normativa es uno de los elementos que caracterizan esta “regulación de segunda generación”, dirigida a la producción de normas cuya aprobación ha sido planificada de antemano, que pretenden ser efectivas y eficaces al incidir sobre cuestiones que realmente necesitan de una regulación europea, que tratan de anticipar sus efectos sobre el sector sobre el que se proyectan, y que están sometidas a un continuo proceso de evaluación durante su vigencia para detectar aquellos contendidos que pueden ser mejorados o que han devenido obsoletos o excesivamente gravosos. El resultado es la llamada “legislación inteligente”, que hace uso de los mecanismos de la democracia participativa y los remodela y adapta a sus necesidades y objetivos, integrándolos en los procedimientos de elaboración de normas. En este trabajo se analizan los citados mecanismos, se valora su eficacia práctica y su repercusión en el ordenamiento jurídico, poniendo de manifiesto los problemas y carencias que impiden y dificultan su completa efectividad o los distraen del objetivo principal para el que fueron concebidos, al tiempo que se realizan propuestas dirigidas a reformular su tratamiento jurídico para adecuarlos a su finalidad primigenia.

Government expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitana Dudzevičiūtė ◽  
Agnė Šimelytė ◽  
Aušra Liučvaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide more reliable estimates of the relationship between government spending and economic growth in the European Union (EU) during the period of 1995-2015. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consisted of several different stages. In the first stage for an assessment of dynamics of government spending and economic growth indicators over two decades, descriptive statistics analysis was employed. Correlation analysis helped to identify the relationships between government expenditures (GEs) and economic growth. In the third stage, for modeling the relationship and the estimation of causality between GE and economic growth, Granger causality testing was applied. Findings The research indicated that eight EU countries have a significant relationship between government spending and economic growth. Research limitations/implications This study has been bounded by general GE and economic growth only. The breakdowns of general GE on the basis of the activities they support have not been considered in this paper, which is the main limitation of the research. Despite the limitation, it might be maintained that the research highlights key relationships in the EU countries. Originality/value These insights might be useful for policy makers. In countries with unidirectional causality running from GE to economic growth, the government can employ expenditure as a factor for growth. The governments should ensure that resources are properly managed and efficiently allocated to accelerate economic growth in the countries with unidirectional causality from GDP to GE.

scholarly journals Assessment of the government debt impact on country’s Economic growth in the european union

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Kristina Matuzevičiūtė ◽  
Kristina Montvilaitė ◽  
Dovilė Ruplienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Government

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC STABILITY OF NEW MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: FIFTH ENLARGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Sanel Razić ◽  
Merim Kasumović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

The historical context of globalization as an organized process, which influenced the majority of national economies linked via international institutional mediators, led to the so called regional economic integration phenomenon. It is interpreted as the efforts of underdeveloped and developing countries to speed up their economic growth and more significantly impact the entire macroeconomic stability by means of some form of regional integration. Nowadays, regional economic integration is one of the pillars for proper functioning of modern economic relations. Experience of developed countries serves as an example to point out that integration processes inevitably contribute to more favorable environment for developing business sector in the countries striving for integration. In the context of global integrations, more frequent forms of regional changes and the establishment of trade blocks come as the consequence as well as the overall need for obtaining trade balance among national economies. Within this context, the European Union is seen as one of the most important regional integration and an imperative in economic, political and cultural segment, as it is the territory with significant economic growth and the region with high living standards.

scholarly journals Mediation in Georgia. Development perspectives and challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megi Bibiluri
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Labour Disputes ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Civil Courts ◽  
The Given

The article discusses the legal and systemic issues of the creation of a modern mediation institution in Georgia. It discusses Georgia’s historic experience traditions of settlements of disputes by means of peaceful methods, part of which are still preserved in the high mountainous regions of the country. In 2013, the country was also introduced to the mediation for settlement of collective labour disputes, which is implemented by active involvement from the government. Already existing statistics demonstrate that mediation in the given sphere is effective and actually serves for the settlement of disputes between employers and groups of employees. In 2019, Georgia adopted the law on mediation, which regulates the issue of private mediation conduction andexecution of achieved agreements. Mediators training and professional development system were created. By the adoption of the given Law ended the almost eightyear phase of mediation legal and institutional regulation,which,  according to the opinion of the author of the article, was a process prolonged in time. Unified Law could have been adopted at the early stage of the reform which would have made the process of extensive usage of mediation in the country faster. As reason for introduction of mediation institution in Georgia is named the obligations of the country in the process of integration with the European Union, overloading of civil courts in the country and prolonged disputes.

Our Debts Heavy... (on the Monograph “Debt as a Phenomenon of the XXI Century”)

2015 ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Leonova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Economies

Lending capital, credit and debt financing have been around and used to fuel economic development since the time immemorial. There are innumerable studies by international and Russian scholars that look into the evolution of these notions and lending instruments employed. The collective monograph edited by A. Porokhovsky and published by the MSU in 2014 intends to provide an all-around political and economic as well as applied review of the current debt issues faced by the global economy, national economies of Russia, U.S.A. and countries of the European Union. It uses a variety of academic and methodological postulates that range from the reproduction approach to modern macroeconomic doctrines.

TTIP, CETA, and TiSA Behind Closed Doors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Delimatsis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Eu

Secrecy and informality rather than transparency traditionally reign trade negotiations at the bilateral, regional, and multilateral levels. Yet, transparency ranks among the most basic desiderata in the grammar of global governance and has been regarded as positively related to legitimacy. In the EU’s case, transparent trade diplomacy is quintessential for constitutional—but also for broader political—reasons. First, even if trade matters fall within the EU’s exclusive competence, the EU executive is bound by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to inform the European Parliament, the EU co-legislator, in regular intervals. Second, transparency at an early stage is important to address public reluctance, suspicion, or even opposition regarding a particular trade deal. This chapter chronicles the quest for and turning moments relating to transparency during the EU trade negotiations with Canada (CETA); the US (TTIP), and various WTO members on services (TiSA).

EUROPEAN FISCAL RULES AS A LIABILITY IN THE TRANSATLANTIC TRADE CONFLICT: LESSONS FROM NiGEM SIMULATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. R54-R66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dullien ◽  
Sabine Stephan ◽  
Thomas Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trump Administration

Under the Trump administration, a transatlantic trade conflict has been escalating step by step. First, it was about tariffs on steel and aluminium, then about retaliation for the French digital tax, which is suspended until the end of the year. Most recently, the US administration threatened the European Union with tariffs on cars and car parts because of Canadian seafood being subject to lower import duties. As simulations with NiGEM show, a further escalation of the transatlantic trade conflict has the potential to slow down economic growth significantly in the countries involved. This is a considerable risk given the fact that the countries have to cope with the enormous negative effects of the pandemic shock. Furthermore, the damage caused by the trade conflict depends on the extent to which the affected countries use fiscal policy to stabilise their economies.

scholarly journals The Importance of Maritime Transport for Economic Growth in the European Union: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7961
Author(s):  
Alexandra Fratila (Adam) ◽  
Ioana Andrada Gavril (Moldovan) ◽  
Sorin Cristian Nita ◽  
Andrei Hrebenciuc
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Green Investment ◽  
Port Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

Maritime transport is one of the main activities of the blue economy, which plays an important role in the EU. In this paper, we aim to assess the impact of maritime transport, related investment, and air pollution on economic growth within 20 countries of the European Union, using eight panel data regression models from 2007 to 2018. Our results confirm that maritime transport, air pollutants (NOx and SO2) from maritime transport, and investment in maritime port infrastructure are indeed positively correlated with economic growth. In other words, an increase of 10% in these factors has generated an associated increase in economic growth rate of around 1.6%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 0.7% respectively. Alongside the intensity of economic maritime activities, pollution is positively correlated with economic growth, and thus it is recommended that policymakers and other involved stakeholders act to diminish environmental impacts in this sector using green investment in port infrastructure and ecological ships, in accordance with the current European trends and concerns.

scholarly journals Are International Indices Good Predictors of Economic Growth? Panel Data and Cluster Analysis for European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6003
Author(s):  
Manuel Carlos Nogueira ◽  
Mara Madaleno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Environmental Performance Index ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Every year, news about the publication of rankings and scores of important international indexes are highlighted, with some of the most prestigious being the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), the Human Development Index (HDI), the Ease of Doing Business (EDB), the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Global Entrepreneurship (GEI). A country’s progression in these indices is associated with economic growth, especially since several empirical studies have found evidence to reinforce these beliefs, the indices having been built based on the scientific literature on economic growth. Building a database on these indices for European Union countries between 2007 and 2017 and using panel data methodologies and then 2SLS (Two-Stage Least Squares) to solve the problem of endogeneity, we verify empirically through panel data estimates, what is the relationship between the mentioned indices and the European Union countries’ economic growth for the period. However, as the European Union is made up of diverse countries with different economic and social realities, we divided the countries into six clusters and made an individual interpretation for each one. We found that human development and competitiveness play an important role in economic growth, and entrepreneurship also impacts this growth. Regarding income distribution, applying the Gini index, we found that only human development mitigates inequalities.

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