Moses Maimonides: leven en werk van een schitterend arts en filosoof

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RUBENS
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Psychosomatic Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Moses Maimonides ◽  
The World ◽  
Holistic Vision

Moses Maimonides (1135 - 1204): life and work of a wonderful physician and philosopher Moses ben Maimon or Maimonides was probably born in 1135 in Cordoba. Being the son of a rabbi and judge he received an excellent education, mainly in the school of Lucena. The permanent changes in the Islamic world in Andalusia and the persecutions of the Jews made him emigrate to Fez in Morocco. At Al-Karaouine, one of the oldest universities of the world, he received a medical education by Avenzoar (1091-1161). Avenzoar was the first performer of tracheotomy and found the real origin of scabies. During his stay in Fez Maimonides also started his philosophical work. However, he again had to emigrate, this time he travelled to Acre. During a short stay there he visited Jerusalem in the Latin State. Maimonides continued his peregrination to Fustat in Egypt. There he became the wise man in Jewry. He was even the physician of the powerful Saladin himself. During the same period he wrote important medical books, covering the whole of medicine and emphasising beneficence in medical ethics. Maimonides died in 1204 and was buried in Tiberias, next to the Sea of Galilea as he requested. His medical works are well preserved and give a careful insight in the medical knowledge of the medieval Islamic period. They contain an integration of the medical science of the Classical period into the Judeo-Arabic world. Maimonides’ philosophical and rabbinical writings are universal and still studied today. His holistic vision and interest in the psychosomatic medicine make him a universal scientist.

Herman Boerhaave, the Dutch Hippocrates, a Forgotten Father of Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Scholer ◽  
Munim Ali Khan ◽  
Aastha Tandon ◽  
Kenneth Swan ◽  
Ravi J. Chokshi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The World ◽  
Boerhaave Syndrome ◽  
The Way

In today's medical community, when people say the name Herman Boerhaave, most assimilate it to Boerhaave syndrome. His influence on medicine is seen every day in hospitals around the world. His methodologies revolutionized medical education and the way physicians approach the examination of patients. It has been said that during the Age of Reason, he was the “Bearer of the Enlightenment of Medicine.” He is a forgotten father of medicine. To preserve medical history, educators should give students a brief summary of the contributors to medicine to remind us how much of their lives they gave to further medical knowledge.

The Problem of Harmonization of Linguistic Pictures of the World (The Case of Western European and Chinese Medicine)

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V. Rubets
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
World Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
John Fryer

The article discusses the problem of coexistence of different types of rationality, different scientific and linguistic pictures of the world as well as the problem of the adoption by one culture of another culture’s scientific picture of the world with accompanying transformations of the linguistic picture of the world of the recipient culture. The article deals with the experience of mutual research and collision between Western and Chinese traditions, using the example of medical science. The author examines the problem of the transfer of scientific medical knowledge from Western to Chinese culture in the context of a radical mismatch of scientific and linguistic pictures. The articles considers two different approaches to the translation of Western medical terminology into Chinese, developed at different times by English translators Benjamin Hobson and John Fryer. Hobson was focused on harmonizing new terminology with the usual concepts of the world language picture of the recipient. Fryer preferred to introduce new specific terms, artificially created directly for the needs of a new scientific picture of the world. In the field of medical terminology, the first of the two approaches turns out to be more viable, since it is more focused on its “end users” – Chinese doctors who study Western medicine in order to use its methods in their medical practice. Therefore, there is only partial applicability of the approaches, methods and terminology developed in one tradition for the evaluation and development of another tradition.

scholarly journals The role of Christianity in the development of European and Serbian medieval medicine

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radisa Antic
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Religious Ceremony ◽  
The World ◽  
Theoretical Science ◽  
The Church

Being conceived in the name of Christianity, the Church quickly mastered all of Western Europe, including medicine, which was developed in monasteries at first and at universities later on. The first hospitals were built within monasteries, and were used to treat monks and the general population in later times. With the founding of the first universities, medicine claimed its place in the world next to law, philosophy, and theology. In its early days, it was studied only as a theoretical science, but soon practical classes on cadavers were added. Universities were completely ruled by the Church, which meant that the curriculum had to be pre-approved by the Church, even the diplomas were presented by a bishop in a religious ceremony. Development of Serbian medieval medicine was under the influence of Byzantine and Italian (mainly Salernian) medicine. The greatest role in transfer of medical knowledge from the Byzantine Empire belonged to Serbian and Byzantine monks, while Italian doctors working in Serbia were responsible for the transfer of the Western medical knowledge. Serbian monarchs quickly started founding hospitals, both in and out of their domains, with the most famous ones being within monasteries such as Hilandar, Studenica, Pantokrator, Visoki Decani, Sveti Arhangel, etc. In addition to those, there were two more hospitals not related to monasteries in Kotor and Belgrade, named after Stefan Lazarevic. This contribution of Christianity to European medicine created a basis for a sudden development of medical science in the Renaissance.

Hegel's Interpretation of the Religions of the World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Roman Religion ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century

In his Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Hegel treats the religions of the world under the rubric “the determinate religion.” This is a part of his corpus that has traditionally been neglected, since scholars have struggled to understand what philosophical work it is supposed to do. The present study argues that Hegel’s rich analyses of Buddhism, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Egyptian and Greek polytheism, and the Roman religion are not simply irrelevant historical material, as is often thought. Instead, they play a central role in Hegel’s argument for what he regards as the truth of Christianity. Hegel believes that the different conceptions of the gods in the world religions are reflections of individual peoples at specific periods in history. These conceptions might at first glance appear random and chaotic, but there is, Hegel claims, a discernible logic in them. Simultaneously a theory of mythology, history, and philosophical anthropology, Hegel’s account of the world religions goes far beyond the field of philosophy of religion. The controversial issues surrounding his treatment of the non-European religions are still very much with us today and make his account of religion an issue of continued topicality in the academic landscape of the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Global trends in medical education accreditation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Bedoll ◽  
Marta van Zanten ◽  
Danette McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
The World ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background Accreditation systems in medical education aim to assure various stakeholders that graduates are ready to further their training or begin practice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of medical education accreditation around the world and describe the incidence and variability of these accreditation agencies worldwide. This paper explores trends in agency age, organization, and scope according to both World Bank region and income group. Methods To find information on accreditation agencies, we searched multiple online accreditation and quality assurance databases as well as the University of Michigan Online Library and the Google search engine. All included agencies were recorded on a spreadsheet along with date of formation or first accreditation activity, name changes, scope, level of government independence, accessibility and type of accreditation standards, and status of WFME recognition. Comparisons by country region and income classification were made based on the World Bank’s lists for fiscal year 2021. Results As of August 2020, there were 3,323 operating medical schools located in 186 countries or territories listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools. Ninety-two (49%) of these countries currently have access to undergraduate accreditation that uses medical-specific standards. Sixty-four percent (n = 38) of high-income countries have medical-specific accreditation available to their medical schools, compared to only 20% (n = 6) of low-income countries. The majority of World Bank regions experienced the greatest increase in medical education accreditation agency establishment since the year 2000. Conclusions Most smaller countries in Europe, South America, and the Pacific only have access to general undergraduate accreditation, and many countries in Africa have no accreditation available. In countries where medical education accreditation exists, the scope and organization of the agencies varies considerably. Regional cooperation and international agencies seem to be a growing trend. The data described in our study can serve as an important resource for further investigations on the effectiveness of accreditation activities worldwide. Our research also highlights regions and countries that may need focused accreditation development support.

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION W. S. R. TO AYURVEDA: REVIEW ARTICLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sandip Tawade
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
The World

Ayurveda is not only an ancient medical science but it is a complete life science.The main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy person & to cure the disease of diseased person. From last few decades due to globalisation there is drastic change in working pattern, dietary habits & lifestyle. According to a new research, lifestyle diseases replaced traditional health risk factors resulting in an increase in incidents of diseases & deaths in India in the last two decades. Now most of the diseases & deaths are caused by High Blood Pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, alcohol use and poor diet. Unhealthy lifestyle is the root cause of many diseases broadly termed as lifestyle disorder. Hypertension is the most common lifestyle disease affecting population all over the world. About 26.4% of the world adult population in 2020 had hypertension and 29.2% were projected to have this condition by 2025. India is labeled as global capital of hypertension. The Ayurveda concentrates on achieving the promotion of health, prevention and management of disease for a healthy and happy life in the ailing society. The principals of Ayurveda are focused on maintaining good health by good diet and good lifestyle. Proper dietary habits, proper exercise, Yoga, Meditation along with Ayurveda herbs can be beneficial to balancing of mind, which reduce stress and maintain the blood pressure. The present review article is aimed that the planning of proper herbal medications as per Ayurveda guidelines will definitely control the high blood pressure without any hazardous side effects of drugs.

On Being a Physician

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Nabel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Medical Professionalism ◽  
Standards Of Accreditation

The role of a physician as healer has grown more complex, and emphasis will increasingly be on patient and family-centric care. Physicians must provide compassionate, appropriate, and effective patient care by demonstrating competence in the attributes that are essential to successful medical practice. Beyond simply gaining medical knowledge, modern physicians embrace lifelong learning and need effective interpersonal and communication skills. Medical professionalism encompasses multiple attributes, and physicians are increasingly becoming part of a larger health care team. To ensure that physicians are trained in an environment that fosters innovation and alleviates administrative burdens, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has recently revamped the standards of accreditation for today’s more than 130 specialties and subspecialties. This chapter contains 6 references and 5 MCQs.

Understanding Irrationality

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Cavell
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Wish Fulfillment

AbstractRecent philosophical work attempts to understand irrational acts on the model of practical reasoning. Such acts are regarded as intelligible in the light of ordinary propositional attitudes which are nevertheless conjoined in a way that explains the irrationality. It is here argued that some irrational acts cannot be so understood; that they are not actions, per se; and that Freud’s notion of “primary process”, particularly in its emphasis on hallucinatory wish-fulfillment and on what he calls “omnipotence of thought”, provides a useful description of such acts. Where hallucinatory wish-fulfillment (or phantasy) is operative, an anxiety or need causes an agent to see the world as one in which the anxiety-provoking state does not exist or has- somehow been dealt with satisfactorily. The need or lack is not acknowledged, as it is when one can properly speak of desire and of a reasoning that attempts to implement it.

scholarly journals TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dimple . ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Vidisha Tomer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which has clinched the world. More than 300 million people of the world are suffering from this disease and the number is still increasing at a rapid rate as modern medical science has no permanent solution for the disease. Current scenario of the nutraceuticals has increased patient’s faith on the traditional medicinal system and world nutraceutical industry is estimated to reach $285.0 billion by 2021. The increasing trend of nutraceuticals in diabetes treatment makes it important to collect the traditional knowledge of medicines under one heading as it can help researchers to formulate new functional foods and nutraceuticals which can either lower down the risk or cure DM. In addition, the discussion of market available food products, their active components and possible health benefits can help the patients to understand the herbal medicines in a better way.

Experiment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uljana Feest ◽  
Friedrich Steinle
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Entity Realism ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
The World

The authors provide an overview of philosophical discussions about the roles of experiment in science. First, they cover two approaches that took shape under the heading of “new experimentalism” in the 1980s and 1990s. One approach was primarily concerned with questions about entity realism, robustness, and epistemological strategies. The other has focused on exploratory experiments and the dynamic processes of experimental research as such, highlighting its iterative nature and drawing out the ways in which such research is grounded in experimental systems, concepts and operational definitions. Second, the authors look at more recent philosophical work on the epistemology of causal inference, in particular highlighting discussions in the philosophy of the behavioral and social sciences, concerning the extrapolation from laboratory contexts to the world.

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