scholarly journals Evaluation of Mustard Seed (Brassica Nigra) Powder as Anaesthetic Agents in Different Life Stages of Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon Melanotheron)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Wilfred–Ekprikpo P. C.
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Brassica Nigra ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Related Response ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron ◽  
Seed Extracts

This study assessed the anesthetic effects of mustard seed (Brassica nigra) powder in different life stages of Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron). A total of 540 fish comprising of 180 each of: fingerlings (mean length 5.54cm ± 1.08SD and mean weight 12.04g ± 2.09SD); juveniles (mean length 10.02cm ± 3.91SD and mean weight 30.91g ± 4.02SD) and adult (mean length 13.01cm ± 2.66SD and mean weight 70.82g ± 7.01SD) of S. melanotheron were used for the study. They were exposed to aqueous extracts of mustard seed (Brassica nigra) powder at different concentrations: 0.00-control; 10.00; 20.00; 30.00; 40.00 and 50.00 mg/L at the rate of 10 fish per tank in triplicates. The results obtained indicated a size related response of the fish to mustard seed extracts. The induction time decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the concentrations of the mustard seed extracts increased. The recovery time in the three sizes of exposed fish, generally increased as the concentrations of the anaesthetics increased. The survival rate was 100.00% in adult sizes of the exposed fish in all concentrations. While in fingerlings and juveniles, 90-95% survival rates were recorded at higher concentrations of the anaesthetics. This study therefore revealed that mustard seed can effectively be used as anaesthetics agent in S. melanotheron at optimum dose of 30mg/L.

Use of Dissolved Glucose on Cultured Media on the Survival Rate, Growth Rate and Stress Resistance of Saline Tilapia Larvae (Oreochromis niloticus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh. Ali Imran ◽  
Yuni Maharani ◽  
Hardiati Marding ◽  
Andi Dahlia ◽  
Muh. Yusri Karim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Brackish Water Aquaculture

Saline tilapia fish is a result of technology engineering technique that is tolerant with brackish waters and sea with salinity ≥ 20 ppt. The main problem in the development of saline tilapia is the availability of seeds because the resulting synthesis is still low. One effort to overcome the problem of low tilapia salinity this is by providing dissolved organic material such as glucose. Glucose plays an important role as a source of energy for animals including tilapia. The aim of this research is to determine the optimum dose of dissolved glucose to the survival and growth of salt tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus). The research was conducted from March to May 2017 at Brackish Water Aquaculture (BPBAP) Takalar, South Sulawesi. The research container using 25 L plastic volume basin amounted to 15 pieces. The test animals used were 7-day saline tilapia larvae of 0.03 gram sized for 20 days. The glucose used is pure glucose in powder form. The study was designed using a complete randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and each having 3 replications. The five treatments are 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm per day added to the once-daily research container that is the morning. The result of variance analysis showed that soluble glucose administration had significant effect (p <0.01) on the synthesis and growth rate of saline tilapia fish. The highest survival rates and growth rates were achieved at 100 ppm doses of 94.44% and 14.93% / day respectively, while the lowest at doses of 0 ppm were 74.81% and 11.85% / day respectively.Keywords: glucose, salin tilapia, survival, growth rate 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Immune-Related Response Criteria and RECIST v1.1 in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated With Pembrolizumab

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 1510-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stephen Hodi ◽  
Wen-Jen Hwu ◽  
Richard Kefford ◽  
Jeffrey S. Weber ◽  
Adil Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Advanced Melanoma ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Related Response

Purpose We evaluated atypical response patterns and the relationship between overall survival and best overall response measured per immune-related response criteria (irRC) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) in patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-001 study (clinical trial information: NCT01295827). Patients and Methods Patients received pembrolizumab 2 or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or every 3 weeks. Atypical responses were identified by using centrally assessed irRC data in patients with ≥ 28 weeks of imaging. Pseudoprogression was defined as ≥ 25% increase in tumor burden at week 12 (early) or any assessment after week 12 (delayed) that was not confirmed as progressive disease at next assessment. Response was assessed centrally per irRC and RECIST v1.1. Results Of the 655 patients with melanoma enrolled, 327 had ≥ 28 weeks of imaging follow-up. Twenty-four (7%) of these 327 patients had atypical responses (15 [5%] with early pseudoprogression and nine [3%] with delayed pseudoprogression). Of the 592 patients who survived ≥ 12 weeks, 84 (14%) experienced progressive disease per RECIST v1.1 but nonprogressive disease per irRC. Two-year overall survival rates were 77.6% in patients with nonprogressive disease per both criteria (n = 331), 37.5% in patients with progressive disease per RECIST v1.1 but nonprogressive disease per irRC (n = 84), and 17.3% in patients with progressive disease per both criteria (n = 177). Conclusion Atypical responses were observed in patients with melanoma treated with pembrolizumab. Based on survival analysis, conventional RECIST might underestimate the benefit of pembrolizumab in approximately 15% of patients; modified criteria that permit treatment beyond initial progression per RECIST v1.1 might prevent premature cessation of treatment.

scholarly journals Using Visible Implant Elastomer to tag insects across life stages: a preliminary investigation with blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Moffatt
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maggot Mass ◽  
11Th Segment

AbstractVisible Implant Elastomer (VIE) has previously been used successfully to tag individuals in a variety of marine and amphibious animals, earthworms, and scorpions. Visible Implant Elastomer tags were injected into third instars of the blow fly Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to test its compatibility and retention across life stages. Injecting into the dorsal midline of the 11th segment (seventh abdominal segment) produced survival rates of 80%, with no significant difference in the subsequent rate of development (z = 0.21, P = 0.83) as compared with untagged insects. Tags remained visible and allowed identification of individuals within a feeding, intermingling aggregation (maggot mass), especially when a high-contrast fluorescent colour was used. Tags were retained across life-stage changes and were easily found in dissected adults.

scholarly journals Lower hypoxia thresholds of cuttlefish early life stages living in a warm acidified ocean

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20131695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Rosa ◽  
Katja Trübenbach ◽  
Tiago Repolho ◽  
Marta Pimentel ◽  
Filipa Faleiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages

The combined effects of future ocean acidification and global warming on the hypoxia thresholds of marine biota are, to date, poorly known. Here, we show that the future warming and acidification scenario led to shorter embryonic periods, lower survival rates and the enhancement of premature hatching in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis . Routine metabolic rates increased during the embryonic period, but environmental hypercapnia significantly depressed pre-hatchling's energy expenditures rates (independently of temperature). During embryogenesis, there was also a significant rise in the carbon dioxide partial pressure in the perivitelline fluid (PVF), bicarbonate levels, as well as a drop in pH and oxygen partial pressure ( p O 2 ). The critical partial pressure (i.e. hypoxic threshold) of the pre-hatchlings was significantly higher than the PVF oxygen partial pressure at the warmer and hypercapnic condition. Thus, the record of oxygen tensions below critical p O 2 in such climate scenario indicates that the already harsh conditions inside the egg capsules are expected to be magnified in the years to come, especially in populations at the border of their thermal envelope. Such a scenario promotes untimely hatching and smaller post-hatching body sizes, thus challenging the survival and fitness of early life stages.

Development and survival of Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall) (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) at constant temperatures

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiqin Li
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Rate Function ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Juvenile Development

AbstractDevelopment and survival of an erigonine spider, Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall) (Araneae: Linyphiidae), were studied at seven constant temperatures ranging from 15°C to 35°C. Plotting development rates (reciprocal of mean times for development) and survival rates (expressed as percentages) against the different constant temperatures indicated that E. graminicolum is well adapted to low temperatures, but sensitive to high temperatures. Juvenile development occurred over a wide range of constant temperatures, but the survival rate was low at the upper and lower extremes. All eggs died before hatching at the highest tested temperature (35°C). There were statistically significant differences between males and females in juvenile and pre-imaginal development times. Juvenile development time decreased as temperature was raised to 32°C, but increased at 35°C. The mean duration of pre-imaginal development (egg to adult) varied from 94.4 d at 15°C to 23.8 d at 32°C. Considering development rate and survival, the most favourable temperature range appeared to be 15–32°C. For all life stages, graphs obtained by plotting the reciprocal of development times against temperature could be described by the six-parameter rate function of Wang et al. (1982). Temperature-independent distributions of normalized development times were approximated by a cumulative Weibull function. Frequency distributions of development times changed with temperature; they were almost uniform at 15–20°C, more symmetrical at 25–28°C, and somewhat skewed to the right at 30–32°C. The sum of effective temperatures (SET), and lower development threshold (LOT), were established for all life stages of E. graminicolum. Survivorship curves varied with temperature and, on average, were Type III.

Describing population dynamics for early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a stock synthesis model1This article is a companion to Korman et al. 2011, published this issue.

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1110-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Korman ◽  
S.J.D. Martell ◽  
Carl Walters
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Wide Range

A stock synthesis model was used to assess effects of experimental flows on early life stages of nonnative rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam (Arizona, USA). The model estimated time-varying survival rates while correcting for entry of new recruits to the age-0 population and changes in vulnerability to capture associated with growth and ontogenetic habitat shifts. A controlled flood, designed in part to enhance native fish habitat, led to an 11-fold increase in early survival rates (fertilization to ~1 month from emergence) of weekly cohorts of trout fertilized after the flood. Effects of increased flow fluctuations during incubation, designed to reduce trout abundance, were not apparent. Age-0 mortality between August and September was over twofold higher in years when there was a 50% reduction in the minimum flow compared with years when flow was stable. There was strong support for models that simulated an ontogenetic shift to deeper habitat in four of five study years. The integration of detailed field information in a stock synthesis model to describe early life history dynamics is a valuable approach that can be applied in a wide range of systems.

scholarly journals Development, biology, and life table parameters of the predatory species, Clitostethus brachylobus Peng, Ren & Pang 1998 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), when fed on the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingmin Wang ◽  
Hui Deng ◽  
Cailian Du ◽  
Shaukat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The predatory species, Clitostethus brachylobus Peng, Ren & Pang 1998 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), native to China, has been reported as a predator of the whitefly species, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Present study describes the development and biological characteristics of C. brachylobus. Developmental periods of different immature stages showed significant differences, when fed on different life stages of B. tabaci. Prey consumption capacity was reduced by the increase in prey age. Female longevity was 193.5 days, whereas fecundity was 154.70 eggs/female. Net reproductive rate was 53.60, whereas the mean generation time was 102.64 days. The daily adult survival rates gradually decreased 120 h post-adult emergence.

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