scholarly journals Seasonal assessment of suface and ground water in Himalayan footh hill, Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
RAJDEO KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Quality Of Water

An investigation was carried out to assess the quality of water in Himalayan foot hill, Uttarakhand. The surface and ground water samples were collected during summer, monsoon and winter season from four sites. These water samples were analysed for their physico-chemical properties and heavy metals. The results revealed that the pH, EC, TDS and bicarbonate ranged from 7.2 to 7.7, 350.7 to 563.2 µScm-1, 385.7 to 906.7 ppm and 146.7 to 186.3 ppm, respectively in surface water, irrespective for season. The corresponding values for these parameters in ground water ranged from 7.1 to 7.3, 335.5 to 364.0 µScm-1, 316.7 to 610.0 ppm and 144.5 to 164.2 ppm. The concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Mg varied from 4.4 to 12.6 ppm, 1.8 to 18.0 ppm, 25.5 to 42.9 ppm and 16.6 to 32.0 ppm, respectively in surface water whereas the concentrations of these elements in ground water ranged from 4.6 to 6.8 ppm, 1.5 to 7.7 ppm, 19.5 to 35.6 ppm and 16.0 to 28.8 ppm, respectively. All the heavy metals were in safe limit in both sources of waters. In general, the concentrations of these water quality parameters were relatively higher during summer and lower in monsoon. On the basis of water quality index, the water samples collected from site-I and site-IV were rated as good to Excellent, whereas water samples of site-II and site-III were rated as poor to good in surface water. However, ground water at all the sites have been rated as good to excellent for the sustainable development.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Drinking Water Quality Parameters for Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yaseen Ahmed Hamaamin ◽  
Jwan Bahadeen Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water is vital for all forms of life on earth. Assessing the quality of water especially drinking water is one of the important processes worldwide which affect public health. In this study, the quality of drinking water in Sulaimani City is monitored for a study period of 1 year. A total number of 78 water samples were collected and analyzed for 17 physical and chemical properties of water supply system to the city. Samples of water are collected from the three main sources of drinking water for Sulaimani City (Sarchnar, Dukan line-1, and Dukan line-2) from February to August 2019. The results of physical and chemical parameters of collected water samples were compared with the World Health Organization and Iraqi standards for drinking water quality. The results of this study showed that mostly all parameters were within the standards except the turbidity parameter which was exceeded the allowable standards in some cases. This research concluded that, in general, the quality of drinking water at the three main sources of Sulaimani City is suitable and acceptable for drinking.

scholarly journals Distribution and Risk Assessment of Toxic Pollutants in Surface Water of the Lower Yellow River, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1582
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Li ◽  
Ze-Peng Li ◽  
Xue Tang ◽  
Wen-Hao Hou ◽  
Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lower Yellow River ◽  
The Lower Yellow River

The lower reaches of the Yellow River is known for the rapid development of industry and agriculture, which has also led to some pollution. However, information about the level of toxic contaminants in the surface waters is lacking in this area. Therefore, five sampling points were set in the lower Yellow River to investigate the distribution of various pollutants and analyze the potential risks. The presence of heavy metals (Heavy metals tested for in this study were: Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), and Zinc (Zn)) and antibiotics (Antibiotics tested for in this study were: Enrofloxacin (ENR), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), and Norfloxacin (NOR)) in water samples taken from the lower Yellow River were measured to reveal the spatial distribution and risk potential of the compounds. Various water quality parameters (Water quality parameters used in this study were: chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN)) were also tested. Study results showed the main surface water pollution components were COD, BOD5, TN, and TP. The average levels were 37.79 mg/L, 16.64 mg/L, 4.14 mg/L, and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. Among the detected metals from the water samples, Hg (LOD-0.1 μg/L) levels were only in line with the surface water class III or worse. Both fish and water samples contained antibiotics. According to an ecological risk assessment conducted along the river, the distribution of pollutants in the waters exhibited a spatial relationship with the land-use pattern in the study region and the Kenli site was the most polluted. Research shows that up-to-date data on the residual levels and distribution characteristics of pollutants in the lower Yellow River could provide valuable baseline data and technical support for relevant government departments and their management going forward.

Investigation of Some Water Quality Parameters of Pond Water under Mymensingh Municipality

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
F Zannat ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
MA Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Drinking Water Standard

A study was conducted to evaluate the water quality parameters of pond water at Mymensingh Urban region. The water samples were collected from 30 ponds located at Mymensingh Urban Region during August to October 2010. The chemical analyses of water samples included pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, S, Mn and As were done by standard methods. The chemical properties in pond water were found pH 6.68 to 7.14, EC 227 to 700 ?Scm-1, Na 15.57 to 36.00 ppm, K 3.83 to 16.16 ppm, Ca 2.01 to 7.29 ppm, S 1.61 to 4.67 ppm, Mn 0.33 to 0.684 ppm and As 0.0011 to 0.0059 ppm. The pH values of water samples revealed that water samples were acidic to slightly alkaline in nature. The EC value revealed that water samples were medium salinity except one sample and also good for irrigation. According to drinking water standard Mn toxicity was detected in pond water. Considering Na, Ca and S ions pond water was safe for irrigation and aquaculture. In case of K ion, all the samples were suitable for irrigation but unsuitable for aquaculture.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 85-89 2015

scholarly journals A study on ground water quality of industrial area at Gajraula (U.P.), India

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Malik ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Umesh Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Marginal Values

The present study aims to identify the ground water contamination problem in villages located in the close vicinity of Gajraula industrial area at Gajraula (U.P.), India. Ground water samples were collected from different villages at the depth of 40 and 120 feet from earth’s surface layer. Analytical techniques as described in the standard methods for examination of water and waste water were adopted for physico-chemical analysis of ground water samples and the results compared with the standards given by WHO and BIS guidelines for drinking water. Water quality index was calculated for quality standard of ground water for drinking purposes. The present investigation revealed that the water quality is moderately degraded due to high range of seven water quality parameters such as Temperature (18.33-32.36 0C), conductivity (925.45-1399.59 μmho/cm), TDS (610.80-923.73 mgL-1), Alkalinity (260.17- 339.83 mgL-1), Ca-Hardness (129.68-181.17 mgL-1), Mg-Hardness (94.07-113.50 mgLÉ1) and COD (13.99-25.62 mgL-1). The water quality index (WQI) also indicated the all the water quality rating comes under the standard marginal values (45-64) i.e. water quality is frequently threatened or impaired and conditions usually depart from natural or desirable levels.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters and Heavy Metals Concentration in Water Samples from Buriganga River Adjacent to Dhaka City

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
MMM Hoque ◽  
PP Deb
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Buriganga River

This study was conducted to know the status of physicochemical water quality parameter and heavy metal concentration in the water of Buriganga river, adjoining to Dhaka city. Water samples were collected from five different points of Buriganga river and were analyzed to determine pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) content. Most of the measured water quality parameters and concentration of heavy metals were exceeded the standard level set by ECR and ADB. Among heavy metals concentration, level of chromium and cadmium were 4-5 times higher than the standard drinking level, these results indicate that surrounding industrial wastewater discharging from textile and tannery industries, which pollute the Buriganga river water. During the observation, at Hazaribagh station BOD level was found 32 times higher than drinking water standard level and 6 times higher than standard irrigation level, indicating Buriganga river water is extremely polluted by microorganism and is not suitable for household and irrigational use. Similarly, DO level at Buriganga river water was 5 times lower than the standard level, which indicates that Buriganga river water is extremely polluted and is unsuitable for aquatic life which are dependent on DO for their sustain. In the present study, the measured level of EC, chromium, cadmium and copper were found higher level as compare to the previous studies.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 97-104 2016

scholarly journals Impacts of Agrochemicals on Water Quality Parameters in Aboisso Region (South-East of Cote d’Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Assouman Amadou ◽  
Kpan Oulai Jean- Gautier ◽  
Gnamba Franck Maxime ◽  
Oga Yéï Marie Solange ◽  
Biémi Jean
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Guide Values ◽  
The Impact

Aboisso region is experiencing unprecedented agricultural activities. Cultural techniques such as the use of insecticides are harming the quality of water. This study aims to assess the impact of insecticides on the water quality in the Aboisso region. Thirty-one (31) water points (10 surface water and 21 groundwater) were sampled. The determination of physicochemical parameters as well as the multi-residue method used for insecticides analysis in the samples allowed us to achieve our objective. The result of the physicochemical analysis shows that the temperature of groundwater (27.91°C) is higher than surface water temperature (26.77°C). These waters are mostly acidic with a slightly lower pH for groundwater (6.46) compared to surface water (6.54). The conductivity is higher in groundwater (average of 130.46 µS/cm) as opposed to surface water (average of 43.50 µS/cm). After applying the multi-residue method, the results reveal the presence of nine (9) active ingredients. In surface waters, all these molecules, except Lambda-cyhalothrin and Deltamethrin, exceed the WHO guide values (0.1 µg/L). The highest concentrations recorded concern ethyl parathion and profenofos (8.24 µg/L and 8.04 µg/L respectively). In groundwater, it is rather Parathion-methyl, Profenofos, Dimethoate, Chlorpyriphos-ethyl, Lambda-cyhalothrin and Deltamethrin that are often at below WHO standards. However, the present study reveals that all of the water samples analysed were polluted, owing to anthropogenic used of insecticides in the region, and other chemicals with high concentrations of parathion-ethyl: 8.24 µg/L and profenofos: 8.04 µg/L. These waters are therefore unfit for human consumption.

scholarly journals Access of Ground Water Quality with Associated Physico-Chemical Parameters of Cuttack District, Odisha, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Potentially Toxic Trace Elements

The aim of present investigation was to analyze the variations in the physio-chemical properties of the ground water of Cuttack district Odisha. In the present study 98 samples were collected and analyzed to assess the quality of ground water. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness and total alkalinity of the collected 98 samples were in the range of 4.6-7.3, 36-4550 μS/cm, 40-200 mgl-1, 20-680 mgl-1 respectively. Similarly, the other important water quality parameters such as; chloride, nitrate sulphate and phosphate concentration were varies between BDL-327, 1.8-86.25, BDL-194 and BDL to 3.2 mgl-1 respectively. The pH of the alluvial groundwater is controlled by the HCO3. The fluoride concentration was varies from BDL to 2.38 mgl-1. Apart from few samples, 90.81% fluoride contaminated samples comes under the category of quality group A (< 1 mgl-1flouride). Similarly, out of total samples collected only in three samples the uranium concentration estimated to be more than 5ppb. Among the water quality parameters there exist a positive correlation between pH and fluoride with a correlation coefficient of 0.641. From the correlation analysis it is found that, higher concentration of fluorid correlated with higher pH. Similarly the correlation coefficient between calcium and chloride is very high i.e. 0.500, which strongly supported the existence of calcium in the study area is predominantly in the form of CaCl2. Most of the ground water samples meet the requirements of the WHO drinking water standards with respect to salinity, main constituents and potentially toxic trace elements such as uranium

Water Quality Assessment of Ex-Mining Lakes in Perak, Malaysia as Alternative Source of Water Supply

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Kalu Uka Orji ◽  
Nasiman Sapari ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof ◽  
Asadpour Robabeh ◽  
Emmanuel Olisa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Mining Lakes

This study investigated the water quality of some of the ex-mining lakes in Perak State of Malaysia for possible use as alternative to water supply and compared them to water quality of some of the rivers used for intake of water treatment. A total of twelve (12) water samples were collected for analyses from selected sampling sites. These samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties, heavy metals concentrations, and organic pollutants concentrations. The analyzed results indicated that average temperature varied from 28.1 oC to 34.1 oC, pH 6.2 to 9.0, EC 55 to 400 μs/cm ,turbidity 5.6 to 74.2 NTU, DO 3.21 to 9.56 mg/l, TDS 36.8 to 268 mg/l, F- 0.017 to 0.182 mg/l, Cl- 0.483 to 3.339 mg/l, Br- 0 to 0.392 mg/l, SO42- 0.051 to 15.307 mg/l, Mg 0.833 to 1.466 mg/l, Na 0.669 to 3.668 mg/l, and Ca 2.85 to 26.77 mg/l. Heavy metals concentrations (mg/l) were: Zn 0.04 to 0.057, Pb 0.019 to 0.075, Cd not detected, Ni 0.013 to 0.105, As not detected to 0.004, and Cu not detected while COD 4 to 51 mg/l. Analyses revealed that all the water samples were turbid and containing slightly high concentration of Pb. Generally, they had common water quality problem. Further work should carry out more tests on other water quality parameters particularly on heavy metals, chemical and biological pollutants at different seasons.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Sistem Monitoring Temperatur, pH dan Salinitas Tambak Ikan Secara Nirkabel

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Arfan Eko Fahrudin ◽  
Said Ja'far Shadiq ◽  
Ade Agung Harnawan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Data Measurement ◽  
Conductivity Sensor ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Influence Of Water

− The quality of water hold on important rule in the field of fisheries, especially in cultivation activities. Parameters of water quality are often observed such as temperature, pH, salinity, and others. The influence of water quality on cultivation activity is very important therefore supervision of water quality parameters is absolute done by cultivators. This research  had created the quality of water monitoring system in fishponds wirelessly. The system consist of the transmitter that integrated with LM35 sensor, pH meter kit sensor and conductivity sensor as measurer of water quality, and the receiver receive datum transmitted wirelessly with nRF24L01 module a long 5 meters distance from transmitter. The receiver equipped with an interface with PC which can save data measurement automatically to Microsoft Excel. The results of the validation of the measurement instrument obtained  average of error relative to measurement were 0.01 0C for temperature, 0.005 for pH and 0.008 ppt for salinity. In summary, the measurement of water quality in surface water fishponds of temperature is 29oC until 38oC, pH is 8,6 until 11,9 and salinity is 12 until 21 ppt.

Spatial And Seasonal Variation For Water Quality Indices of Gomal Zam Dam And Its Tributaries In The South Waziristan District, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Insha Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract This study investigated the quality of water in the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries, south Waziristan District, Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples were collected from the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries in the winter and summer seasons (n=24 in each season). Water samples were analyzed for the anions using a multi-parameter analyzer (CONSORT 6030, Belgium) and cations by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, AAnalyst 700, PerkinElmer). Water characteristics were compared and found within drinking water guidelines set by the world health organization (WHO), except turbidity. Water characteristics were evaluated for the water quality index (WQI) and sodium hazards such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and sodium percentage (Na%). Based on WQI and sodium hazards, the water of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries were observed as good and in permissible levels for drinking and irrigation water, respectively. The winter season has slightly poor water quality compared to the summer season due to higher contamination. Gibbs’s and Piper's models showed that the water quality of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries was mainly characterized by the weathering of bedrocks. The studied water is classified as Na-Cl type and Mg-HCO3 types in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that geogenic sources of rock weathering are the dominant factor for controlling the water quality of the area.

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